City-States of GreeceCity-States of Greece

Chapter 5 Section 2Chapter 5 Section 2

Today’s Goal

• Compare the culture and governments of Athens & Sparta.

AthensAthens• IoniansIonians who settled in who settled in AtticaAttica

Development of DemocracyDevelopment of Democracy

• DracoDraco – took power 621 BC – took power 621 BC– Drafted Drafted harsh set of lawsharsh set of laws

Development of Democracy in Development of Democracy in AthensAthens

• SolonSolon - came to power 594 BC - came to power 594 BC

- Outlawed - Outlawed debt slaverydebt slavery

- - Four Four social classes social classes based on based on wealthwealth

- - Any citizenAny citizen could charge could charge against wrongdoingagainst wrongdoing

• PeisistratusPeisistratus – – tyranttyrant who seized power in who seized power in 541 BC541 BC

Cleisthenes Cleisthenes – 510 – 510 BCBC

- Reforms that - Reforms that led toled to democracy democracy in Athensin Athens

Athenian DemocracyAthenian Democracy• Divided into Divided into 10 tribes or “demes”10 tribes or “demes” (by (by

residenceresidence, not wealth) , not wealth) – Selected members for bouleSelected members for boule

• EkklesiaEkklesia – general town meeting – general town meeting of free male Atheniansof free male Athenians

• Boule (Council of 500)Boule (Council of 500)

- Filled by - Filled by lot for 1 yr. termlot for 1 yr. term

- - Legislature & executiveLegislature & executive

- Power to - Power to ostracize ostracize citizenscitizens

Athenian Society - Athenian Society - EducatioEducation

• Only Only wealthy sonswealthy sons

- Prepared to be - Prepared to be good good citizenscitizens

- Part of day in - Part of day in athleticathletic activities activities

- - Military schoolingMilitary schooling• Girls – trained to be Girls – trained to be goodgood wives & wives &

mothersmothers• Encouraged Encouraged educatededucated mind in strong mind in strong

bodybody

Athenian MilitaryAthenian Military• Depended on Depended on strong navystrong navy for for

protectionprotection

SpartaSparta• Descendants of Descendants of

Dorians Dorians – settled in – settled in LaconiaLaconia

• Conquered Conquered MesseniansMessenians

- - Helots Helots – forced to – forced to work the landwork the land

• Put down Messenian Put down Messenian revoltrevolt

Sparta’s Rigid Sparta’s Rigid MilitaristicMilitaristic SocietySociety

• StateState made all decisions made all decisions• Code of LycurgusCode of Lycurgus • Decided if babies Decided if babies

strong enough – if not, strong enough – if not, left in hills to dieleft in hills to die

• Children taken from Children taken from families at families at age 7age 7 to to begin training (begin training (AgogeAgoge system)system)

AgogeAgoge Training Training• Boys lived in Boys lived in army barracksarmy barracks

until until age 30age 30

- Rough training to become - Rough training to become tough soldiertough soldier

• Girls taught to be strong & Girls taught to be strong & athleticathletic

- Give birth to - Give birth to tough tough Spartan Spartan boysboys

- - More freedomMore freedom than than Athenian Athenian womenwomen

Spartan GovernmentSpartan Government• Ruled by Ruled by TWOTWO kingskings

- Responsible for military, - Responsible for military, politics, & religious practicespolitics, & religious practices

- Kingship passed on - Kingship passed on hereditarilyhereditarily

Senate = Senate = Council of EldersCouncil of Elders - Spartiates > - Spartiates > 60 60 years years oldold - Elected for - Elected for lifelife

• AssemblyAssembly = all men over = all men over age 30age 30• Five Five ephorsephors = overseers elected = overseers elected

annuallyannually

• Social OrderSocial Order• Lowest = Lowest = helotshelots

• Middle = Middle = perioikoiperioikoi

• Highest = Highest = SpartiatesSpartiates

Spartan Philosophy –Spartan Philosophy –Duty, Strength, Self-denial, Self-Duty, Strength, Self-denial, Self-

DisciplineDiscipline

Factors that Discouraged Unification Factors that Discouraged Unification of City-Statesof City-States

• Different Different laws & laws & governmentgovernment

• Different Different coinagecoinage• Different Different weights & weights &

measuresmeasures• Different Different calendarscalendars

Factors that Encouraged Factors that Encouraged Unification of City-StatesUnification of City-States

• Same Same languagelanguage• Participation in the Participation in the

Olympic GamesOlympic Games• Common Common religionreligion & &

management of management of templestemples

The Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games• Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” = Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” =

contest)contest)– Selected through elimination trialsSelected through elimination trials

• PentathlonPentathlon• BoxingBoxing

– PankrationPankration

• Marathon gamesMarathon games• 5 days5 days• Victors given Victors given

crown of olivescrown of olives