civics & economics final exam review packet hillside...

Civics & Economics Final Exam Review PacketHillside High School

Instructions: This Review Packet should be viewed as a major project thatwill count toward your final grade for the 2nd quarter.

Review Packet’s are DUE TUESDAY, JANUARY 7th. Resources to use in completing your packet:

a. the info packet distributed to you in classb. your completed study guides and notes from each unitc. The ACES paragraphs you have written over the course of the semesterd. rewatch videos and review notes on the class websitee. review tests from each unit that have been returned to youf. check out a text bookg. webbased resources

Unit One: Foundations of American Government

1. Complete the chart below listing the duties and responsibilities of citizenship

Civic Duties Civic Responsibilities

2. List and describe the two ways a person can become a citizen of the United States :

3. Describe the significance of the Mayflower Compact and Virginia House of Burgessesin the development of American government.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. Complete the chart below describing different systems of government.

Monarchy Dictatorship DirectDemocracy

Republic

Source ofgovernmentpower

How leaders areselected

How decisionsare made

5. The ___________________ was a philosophical movement that challenged the absolute ruleof kings in the 1600s1700s.

6. According to John Locke, everyone has a natural right to ____________, ___________, and______________.

7. Use the chart below to briefly describe the beliefs of each social contract philosopher: and theircontributions to American Government

Philosopher Contribution

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Jean JacquesRousseau

Baron deMontesquieu

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.8. USe the chart below to define each event listed and explain its significance on the road to the

American Revolution.

Idea / Event Identify/Describe Significance

Mercantilism

SalutaryNeglect

Proclamationof 1763

Stamp Act

Stamp ActCongress

Tea Act

Boston TeaParty

BostonMassacre

Publication of“CommonSense”

2ndContinentalCongress

9. Explain why “taxation without representation” became a major slogan of the AmericanRevolution. Be sure to address the role of Parliament.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10.What were the main ideas that Jefferson wrote about in the Declaration of Independence?Also, what year was it written?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________

11. In the chart below, provide an example demonstrating the importance of each principle ofAmerican government.

Principle Definition Example of importance

LimitedGovernment

Government may do only the thingsthat the constitution grants it thepower to do

Rule of Law All members of society are subjectto and must follow the law. We are anation of laws, meaning that it is ourlaw rather than specific individualleaders that run society.

Consent of theGoverned / PopularSovereignty

The authority of the governmentcomes from the people; peoplegrant the government the right to rule

Individual Rights Each person has certain naturalrights that the government has a dutyto protect.

RepresentativeGovernment

Citizens select leaders who will willmake decisions for the country inregularly scheduled elections.Elected leaders are accountable tothe people whom they serve.

12. Provide three weaknesses that caused the Articles of Confederation to fail.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13.What was Shay’s rebellion and why was it significant?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Why is it important to protect minority rights within a majority rule system?_____________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit Two: A Balance of Power: The Constitution and Three Branches of Government

1. The Constitutional Convention took place in the year _______ in the city of ____________.2. Fill in the graphic organizers below about conflicts at the constitutional convention:

Proposal Features What type of statessupported it?

Virginia Plan

New Jersey Plan

Great Compromise Why did this satisfyall states?

3 / 5 Compromise Terms: Why did Northern states acceptthis agreement?

3. What concerns caused antifederalists to oppose ratification of the Constitution?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Who was the primary author of the Constitution ? Did the author represent the ideas of theFederalsits or the AntiFederalsit?

______________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________

5. What was the purpose of the “Federalist Papers”?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. What did the AntiFederalists demand before agreeing to ratify the Constitution?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

7. Complete the chart below about the Constitution and Bill of Rights

Part of theConstitution

Main idea / purpose Example of its significance;INCLUDE ANY RELEVANTSUPREME COURT OPINIONS THATWE HAVE STUDIED!!!!

Preamble

Article I

SupremacyClause

“the constitution is the supreme law ofthe land”

InterstateCommerceClause

The federal government has the powerto regulate trade between the states

Elastic /Necessaryand ProperClause

Congress has the authority to make laws

Article II

Article III

Bill of Rights

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FirstAmendment

EstablishmentClause of 1stAmendment

Free Exerciseclause of 1stAmendment

2ndAmendment

3rdAmendment

protects against the quartering of troopsin private homes

soldiers cannot just move into yourhouse b/c the government needs aplace for them to stay

4thAmendment

5thAmendment

6thAmendment

7thAmendment

right to a jury trial in civil cases this allows individuals to file lawsuits ifthey believe they have been wrongedby another person or by thegovernment; examples include medicalmalpractice cases.

8thAmendment

9th Reserves to the people any rights not Right to privacy is one key result of the

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Amendment expressed in the constitution, so long asthey do not violate constitutionalprinciples.

9th amendment.

10thAmendment

13thAmendment

14thAmendment &EqualProtectionClause

15thAmendment

19thAmendment

8. What is the difference between “expressed” and “reserved” powers?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

9. Why is taking the census every 10 years important to the concept of a representativegovernment?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

10.What is the purpose of our system of checks and balances?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

11. Define “domestic policy” and give 3 examples._____________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

12. Define “foreign policy” and give 3 examples.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

13.What is the purpose of the “line of presidential succession”? In order, what are the first thregovernment officials in the line of succession?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

14. Complete the chart below demonstrating examples of checks and balances. Use the list belowas you fill in the chart.

can rule acts ofcongressunconstitutional

can appoint judges tothe Supreme and otherFederal courts

can veto laws passed bycongress

can impeach thepresident

must confirm nomineesto the judicial branch aswell as cabinet officials

may create (oreliminate) courts otherthan the Supreme court

can override apresidential veto

Checks the power of thelegislature by:

Checks the power of theexecutive by:

Checks the power of thecourts by:

Legislative Bicameral legislatureseparates power betweenthe Senate and House ofRepresentatives

Executive n/a

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Judicial n/a

15. Explain why the Marbury v. Madison supreme court opinion was important in establishing thepower of the Supreme Court.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

16. Fill in the chart below by placing each of the following powers in the column for the branch ofgovernment that holds it.

Power to tax Judicial review negotiates treaties ratifies treaties commander in chief enforces the laws

declares war can issue pardons makes the law interprets the law sets foreign policy can issue executive

orders

coins money ratifies treaties confirms judges appoints judges impeachment

↓

Powers of Congress Executive Powers Judicial Powers

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17. Describe the role of each of the following in influencing how Congress works:

Terms/Concepts Role in/influence on Congress:

Speaker of the House

Partisanship

Filibuster

Special Interest Groups

Lobbyists

Standing Committees

Earmarks / pork barrelpolitics

.

Unit 3: The Supreme Court and U.S. Legal System1. Define and then explain the importance of having an “independent judiciary.”

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_.

2. Once appointed and confirmed, Federal judges serve until __________________________.3. Jurisdiction is defined as the authority of a court to hear and make a ruling in a case. Courts

hearing a case for the first time have _______________ jurisdiction, while courts that reviewthe decisions of lower courts have __________________ jurisdiction.

4. Unlike Federal judges who are appointed, people in North Carolina swishing to become astate court judge must be __________________.

5. Define the term “precedent,” and explain its importance in judicial rulings.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. There are ____ Justices on the Supreme Court.7. What is the difference between a majority and minority opinion of the Supreme Court?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

8. Briefly describe and then cite examples of each type of law in the chart below.

Type of Law Definition Examples

Constitutional Law

Administrative Law

Civil Law

Criminal Law

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9. What are “due process” rights and why are they important? Cite at least two examples ofconstitutionally protected due process rights.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

10. Describe situations in which a police officer has the constitutional right to search an individualwithout having a warrant first.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

11. How do 3strikes laws affect sentencing in criminal cases?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

12. Define/describe the role of each of the following terms relevant to the legal process. Use thefirst column to identify whether the term is applicable to criminal procedure , civil procedure, orboth.

Term Criminalor Civil?

Definition / Description

Arraignment

Plea Bargain

Prosecutor

Defense Attorney

Defendant

Jury

Guilt beyond areasonable doubt

hung jury

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witness

Tort violation

Plaintiff

Written Complaint

Settlementagreement

Damages

Preponderance ofthe evidence

Verdict

13. Define “burden of proof.” Why does the government have the burden of proof in criminal cases?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

14. Identify the constitutional issues in each Supreme Court case listed below, and describe thesignificance of the Majority opinion in that case. I have provided a list of constitutional issue sfrom which you may choose.

Freedom of Speech Freedom of Religion Freedom of the press 4th amendment / due

process 5th amendemnt

protection againstselfincrimination

6th amendment right toan attorney

8th amendment bar oncruel and unusualpunishment

9th amendment rightsreserved to people

right to privacy

10th amendmentreserves rights to thestates

14th amendment equalprotection clause

Judicial review

Case Constitutional Issue(s) Ruling / Precedent

Marbury v. Madison(1803)

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Plessy v. Ferguson(1896)

Brown v. Board(1954)

Korematsu v. U.S.(1944)

Tinker v. Des Moines(1969)

NY Times v. U.S.(1971)

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)

Miranda v. Arizona(1966)

Roe v. Wade (1971)

New Jersey v. T.L.O.(1985)

Citizens United v.Federal ElectionsCommission

Unit 4: American Politics

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1. Indicate whether each of the following exasmples best corresponds to the public or privatesector.

a job at Bojangles Hillside H.S. The National Football

League

Southpoint Mall Social Security

payments your home

the Post Office Federal Express Credit Cards EBT Card

Private Sector Public Sector

2. What are core principles of a laissez faire economy?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. The primary purpose of political parties is to _____________________________.

4. The winner of a ____________ election is nominated by his/her party’ as its candidate in the_______________ election.

5. George Washington opposed the development of political parties. Why did he think they werebad for government?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

6. Complete the chart below indicating the political platforms for the Democratic and Republicanparties.

Platform Issue Democratic Party Republican Party

Role ofgovernment in theeconomy

Environmentalprotection

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Tax rates

Immigration

Same sexmarriage

right to choose anabortion

7.8. After the census, each state is divided into different political _______________ that all have

about the same number of people in them.

9. Members of the U.S. _______________ are elected by the entire state every six years.

10.Members of the U.S. __________________________ are elected to represent specificdistricts every two years.

11. Describe the role of “swing” states in presidential elections.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

12. The system for choosing the President is called the __________________________, andrequires that a candidate win 270 votes to become President.

13.What are the eligibility criteria for voting in North Carolina?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

14. Explain voter apathy.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

15.What are some ways that citizens and other community activists can influence the politicalsystem?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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16.What is an “incumbent” and what advantages do incumbents have in elections?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

17.What are Political Action committees and how do they affect elections?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Unit 5: Personal Finance and Microeconomics1. Define “scarcity” and give an example of how scarcity affects economic choices.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What might cause someone to have bad credit? How does a person’s credit score affect theinterest rate they are offered on a loan?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. List the four factors of production and describe the relevance of each in producing a wooden

chair. Remember CELL.

a. C_________________________________________________________________

_

b. E_________________________________________________________________

_

c. L__________________________________________________________________

d. L__________________________________________________________________

4. Give two examples of economic wants and two examples of economic needs.

Wants Needs

5. For the following scenario, identify Jack’s total revenue, total costs, and his profit. Jack openeda convenience store last month. He paid $1200 in rent for his store, and paid $1800 for his

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inventory. Business was good. Jack sold $1300 worth of snacks and sodas and $2700 ingasoline. After paying his employees a total of $600, Jack sits down to see how well he did.

a. Jack’s Total Revenue is: $_______. His Total Costs are: _______________b. Jack’s profit / loss for the month is $________. (if a loss, be sure to include negative

sign)6. Sally needs to complete a review packet worth 10% of her final grade. The packet is due

tomorrow. Instead, she goes to the movies with friends and does not finish the packet. What isthe opportunity cost of going to the movies?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

7. Use the graph to the right to describe how money circulates in the economy.

8. Describe the relationship betweeneducation and income.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

9. PRovide examples of ways that people can improve their retirement security.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

10.What is the purpose of making a personal budget?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_.Unit 6: The U.S. And Global Economy

1. How do banks make money on mortgage loans?2. The law of ____________ states that as prices go _____, consumers are more likely to buy a

product.3. The law of ____________ states that as prices go _____, producers are more willing to make

and sell a product.4. Match the characteristics below to the economic systems on the chart.(Some may fit in more

than one category).

lots of competition government sets prices customs guide

economic choices large gap between rich

and poor

economic choices are leftup to producers andconsumers

capitalism no or very limited

competition

less consumer choice government sets some

rules government makes

economic choices profit motive

Traditional Economy Market Economy Command Economy Mixed Economy

5. How does competition affect producers in a market economy?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How does competition benefit consumers in a market economy?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Use the snowcone demand and supply schedules provided to complete the following

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activities.

Demand schedule for Snow Cones SUPPLY schedule for Snowcones

$.50 150 $.50 0

$1.00 100 $1.00 50

$1.25 75 $1.25 75

$1.50 50 $1.50 100

$2.00 0 $2.00 150

a. Draw and label the demand curve on the graph below.b. draw and label the supply curve on the graph below.

c. The equilibrium price for snowcones is: $_____d. At what price would theire be s snowcone shorrtage? ______e. At what price would there be a snowcone surpluss? ______f. A new vendor (entrepreneur) starts to sell ice cream sandwiches for $.75 each. What

happens to the demand for snowcones?_____________________________________________________________________________

8. Define the following key economic terms, and provide examples of their economic importance.

Term Definition Example

Supply

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Demand

Equilibrium Price

Inflation

Gross DomesticProduct

ComparativeAdvantage

ConsumerProtection Law

Laissez Faire

9. What is inflation and how does the Federal Reserve try to control inflation?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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