civil services exam - how to prepare

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GENERALKNOWLEDGE

CIVIL SERVICES

PRELIMS EXAM:

CHANGES IN

SYLLABUS

GENERAL AWARENESS

MO CK TEST

C IVIL SERVICES

(PRELIMS) SO LVED

PA PERS

CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

HO W TO PREPARE FOR

C IVIL SERV ICES EXAM

ST ATE C IV IL

SE RVICES

IN DIAN ECONO MI C

SERVICE

IN DIAN FOREST

SE RVICE

GENERAL STUDIES

(MAINS) EXPECTED

Q UESTIONS

GENERAL STUDIES

(MA INS) EXPECT ED

QUESTIONS - I I

GENERAL STUDIES

(MAINS) EXPECT ED

QUESTIONS - II I

QUICK REVISIO N

NOTES

HOW TO PREPARE FOR CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

One important thing that candidates should keep in mind is that since the time between the Main Exam

and the declaration of result of the Preliminary Exam is very less, it is advisable to begin preparations

of the Main Exam along with the Preliminary Exa m.

The General Studies paper covers the following areas:

General Science; Current events of national and international importance; History of India; World

Geography; Indian Polity and Economy; Indian National Movement; General Mental Ability.

For this section, it is important to be updated in all fields. For History, Economy, Polity, etc, it is

advisable to read Class 11 and 12 books published by the NCERT. Some books on the freedom

struggle are published by the National Book Trust. For general knowledge and objective-typequestions, refer to General Knowledge Refresher by O.P. Khanna. For General Mental Ability and

current affairs, it is advisable to read The Competition Master regularly.

One question that is often asked by students is about the subjects that they should take up. Since

some subjects are scoring, students wish to opt for them. But one thing that must be kept in mind is

one's aptitude. If one has studied a subject since school and one is comfortable in it, chances of doing

well in it are greater rather than taking up an unrelated subject which one may never have studied.

Generally speaking, do not choose an entirely new subject in which you will have to work very hard. If

the optional is prepared well for the preliminary and the same subject is also planned to be opted as

one of the optionals, it is very useful and saves a lot of labour.

Once you have decided to appear in the Civil Services Exam, preparations should start early. A look

at past papers helps get an idea about the kind of questions that are asked. Over the years, The

Competition Master has published solved papers which can be referred to. It may be advisable to join

a coaching institute so that one keeps in touch with other student s and discuss issues with them. It is

important, however, to select a good institute. However, one can be successful by self-study also.

Prepare Well

Before initiating the preparations, a few things must be noted by the candidates. The choice of optional

subject for Paper-II has to be done very carefully. The candidates must plan ahead of time. The

optional subject for Paper-II should usually be the subject in which the candidate has either attained

proficiency/higher academic qualification or in which the candidate feels at home. Another

consideration is the performance of candidates in the said subject in the recent past. There are

several subjects like History, Psychology, Sociology, Public Administration etc in which even the

candidates not having special or additional educational qualifications have been doing reasonably well,

while the subjects like Mathematics, Physics, and Engineering are considered to offer tougher

questions and the candidates with exceptionally good preparation only may expect to do well. But this

observation may not be taken as the universal truth. Moreover, the aptitude and proficiency of a

particular candidate in a given subject also plays an important role in arriving at a decision.

Availability and access to good and prescribed books is yet another consideration and often the

candidates are also guided by this factor, particularly in smaller towns. Books for preliminary

examination are available in plenty in common subjects but in case of specialised optionals likeMathematics, Engineering, Agriculture etc, one has to look carefully for good books which cover all

parts of the syllabus.

General Studies

General Studies paper consists of questions on Indian Polity and Economy, History of India including

Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, Current Affairs of National and International

Importance, General and day-to-day Science, Mental Ability and Basics of Statistics etc. Questions on

planning, budgeting, developmental programmes, latest issues of political and constitutional

importance, panchayati raj, electoral reforms, natural resources, culture, growth of nationalism,

Committees, Commission etc can be expected almost every year. Questions on Environment (not

requiring subject knowledge but related to day-to-day issues) will also be asked. Emphasis normally

are placed on the general aspects of the subject which every educated person aspiring to join the Civil

Services as an officer, is expected to know.

The fact that this paper needs special and thorough preparations need not be over-emphasised. The

aspiring candidates are expected to have keen interest in the General Studies and are supposed to

have a good amount of interest in current affairs. All the preparation starting from a scratch cannot be

completed in the short period of 4 to 5 months and the candidates must begin preparations early.

Regular and detailed reading of a good national newspaper, a standard competition magazine and a

basic book on general knowledge is the essential pre-requisite. Those readers who still have two to

three years of time left for becoming eligible to go in for Civil Services Examination must begin

preparations now. The candidates who do not have enough background in the General Studies may

have to put in harder effort to catch up with the others.

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Current Affairs and Current General Knowledge is covered well at competitionmaster.com. There are

also quick revision notes on History, Geography and Indian Constitution. You will also find the General

Knowledge section of the website useful. In addition, a good and basic book on Indian Constitution,

latest plan document and budget/economic survey, basic books like NCERT books on Indian History

and National Movement, World and Indian Geography and General Science are certain other books

which can fruitfully supplement the efforts. A good backgrounder on major national and international

events assists the fresh starters to understand the background of any social, economic or political

event, enabling them to understand the details and developments in a better way. In addition, the

candidates who have recently taken the examination may also be consulted.

The candidates must bear one thing in mind. Exhaustive study of each and every aspect of the

General Studies is essential. It would be wrong to presume that any single book would suffice. Every

book has its strong and weak parts. It is, therefore, left to the candidate to consult as many books as

possible, so that every aspect is studied in the required detail. Another important point is efficient timeplanning. The time available with the candidates for preparations is limited and it has to be intelligently

utilised. The candidates must not waste the time unnecessarily by going into lengthy details of one

particular aspect, leaving other important aspects untouched. Moreover, it is better to draw up a

formal time table so that no aspects of both the papers is left unprepared.

To prepare for Section II practice solving questions on Reasoning, Quantitative Aptitude and Objective

English (especially the comprehension type questions) as much as you can. Competitionmaster.com

provides you with some practice tests. There are various books in the market providing practice tests.

Practice as much as possible for success in this section.

Success Plan for Mains

Preparations for the Civil Services Mains Exam should start along with those of Preliminary exam. This

is because there is much common ground for study, and there is little time for the mains exam if one

waits for the results of the Preliminaries. It is a long haul and preparations should be done with

persistence, over nine months to an year.

Choice of subjectsOne of the first questions that has to be answered is the choice of subjects. Here the choice should not

only be with regard to your interests but also with regard to the study material available. It has been

found that even science and engineering students take up subjects like history, sociology,

anthropology, grography, political science, psychology and public administration because there is a

huge amount of study material available, which covers the entire syllabus. Even if your branch of

study is different, it is advisable to keep in touch with one of these subjects which will help you when

you start preparations. Start collecting books and readings once you have made your choice.

The next step is to make a time-bound study plan, which would include not only studying the subject

but improvement of writing expression. This is done by writing down the answers to the questions

asked in previous years' papers. Show these answers to someone you know, like a teacher in your

college or university, parents or friends. The study should be done according to the syllabus and also

in the same chronological order as given in the syllabus.

The following topics need coverage for General Studies:

i) Current Affairs - National and Internationalii) Indian Polity

iii) Indian Economy

iv) Geography of India

v) Science and Technology

vi) History of India and Freedom Movement

vii) Study of thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore

viii) Statistics and Genera l Mathematics Ability

To study current affairs, it is essential to read one national newspaper. Regular reading of the Current

Affairs sections of Competitionmaster.com will be very helpful. When you are studying the round up of

national and international affairs, efforts should not be merely taking up the information but also to

understand the issues involved. Go into the background of events. Get to know these issues and be

clear about them so that you can answer questions on them.

Reading List

With regard to other topics, the books published by the NCERT are the best source of study. Take up

the text-books for classes IX, X, XI and XII. However, just reading these books will not serve thepurpose. What is essential is that the person taking up self-study must pick up past question papers

and write down the answers to questions asked therein. A practice in writing is what is required to

attempt the paper. Many students make the mistake of studying for hours but have no practice in

writing down the answers, which costs heavily during the exam. The skill required is that of organising

the arguments and making a coherent answer from the diverse material. One more thing that must be

kept in mind is that the answers must be a little different from others and must have some extra bit

that is missed out by others. This is not difficult if one has understood the issue in depth.

One important aspect of the Civil Services Mains Exam is that the questions do not ask for mere

information as a reply, but seek analysis backed with arguments from the candidates. Usually, one

gets the impression that one knows everything but thoughts do not flow out naturally as one puts pen

to paper. Hence, writing down the answers is an important aspect of the preparation. Another thing is

that the candidate must carefully read the questions in order to make out what the examiner is asking.

Having done that, it is important to organise one's thoughts before writing and the sequence of the

answer should be from the most important/potent aspect to less important aspects.

If you do not have someone to show your answers, keep them away and after a gap of some time,read them again. You will discover many mistakes, which earlier you could not. Analyse the answers

in order to improve them. This exercise of re-analysis of answers improves the ability to be precise.

One of the important requirements of the Mains exam is that the answers should be crisp and to-the-

point.

Optional subjects

While studying for the optional subjects, keep in mind that there is no scope for selective studies in the


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. .

Invariably, some candidates organise their studies in a manner that they study one subject

thoroughly, with reduced emphasis on their second subject. It is imperative that equal stress be given

to both the subjects you have chosen.

It is also important to remember that the level of questions asked is of the Masters level examination.

The questions have an added spin in order to bring out the grasp of the candidate with regard to the

basic concepts of the subject. Hence, if you choose subjects in which you do not have a basic

grounding, it would be advisable to start from simple books. After getting the grasp of the basic

concepts, start with higher level study material. Here again, reflections on basic concepts and their

application in real life is important. For best preparation and a success plan, it is suggested that the

candidate make a habit of beginning his study by writing answers to three questions each day, one

each from General Studies and two from optional subjects. Questions should be chosen from previous

years' papers and the answer writing should be preceded by study on the subject.

Most candidates do not have problems with regard to English and Hindi examinations and are able to

qualify in them easily. However, it is important to have a good working knowledge of the two

languages. In order to improve this skill, pick up a General Studies book and translate it into the

language in which you are weak. For instance, if you are weak in Hindi, try translating important

essays on current affairs into Hindi which will not only improve fluency but also the general

knowledge. Another way is to write letters to friends in the language that one is weak in.

Studying for General Studies

Giving a detailed description of the optional subjects is not feasible here but we give here some

suggested readings for the General Studies paper. Students should remember that this list is not

exhaustive and they should choose the books themselves based on recommendations of previous

successful students, teachers and guides, etc. We are giving a list as a general requirement. NCERT,

IGNOU booklets and National Book Trust (NBT) publications are quite helpful. For the Preliminary

paper, study the following books:

History: NCERT books of class XI and XII, Freedom Struggle (published by National Book Trust)

Geography: Class XII books of Geography (NCERT), a good atlas.

Indian Polity: Introduction to the Indian Constitution.

Indian Economy: NCERT and other books on Evolution of the Indian Economy.

General Science: NCERT books on science, a science magazine or newspaper supplements on

science.

Current Events: A national newspaper, The Competition Master, newsmagazines.

General Mental Ability: Do the Quantitative Aptitude published in The Competition Master, past test

papers.

For the main examination, the study should be done in more detail. In addition to the above readings,

the following are suggested as well:

History: India's Struggle for Independence, IGNOU publications on Modern India.

Indian Culture: Art and culture portions of history books, India Yearbook (culture chapter),

Encyclopaedia on Indian Culture, Gazetteer of India, books on culture published by Publications

Division and National Book Trust.

Current Affairs: A national newspaper, The Competition Master, current affairs programmes on

Doordarshan, newsmagazines.

Statistics: Class XI NCERT book on Statistics.

Indian Polity: Introduction to the Constitution, Parliament.

Indian Geography: NCERT books on Indian Geography.

Indian Economy: NCERT and other books on Indian Economy, financial newspapers, The Competition

Master carries regular analysis of the Indian Economy.

Science: A science magazine, supplements in newspapers.

Interview

The final stage is that of interview. There are cases where students clear the preliminary and the

mains but fail at the last stage. The secret is to start for preparations for the interview along with the

written test. Develop the habit of debating and discussing issues with friends or parents. Listen to the

current affairs programmes and learn to organise thoughts the way the participants do. Develop

interests and hobbies so that you are able to answer convincingly. Understand the current affairs and

the issues behind the events. Remember that the interview is not a cross examination but a natural

but purposeful conversation. It is an opportunity to reveal the mental qualities of a candidate.

The interview is not a test of specialised knowledge, as that has already been tested in written

examination. The idea is to see the social traits of a person and his personality as suited to a career in

the Civil Services. If a person gives the impression of being a bookworm, the chances of his selection

are reduced. The candidate must exhibit an intelligent interest in events happening around him so that

he appears to be a complete personality.

Finally, there is a very frequently asked question about whether a candidate should join a coaching

centre and if so, which one. Coaching centres are helpful in the sense that they develop a discipline of

attending regular classes. An instructor may be available who can give an opinion about the answers

written by a candidate. At the same time, the candidate will meet like-minded people with whom he

can develop the habit of debating and discussion. However, the coaching centre must be chosen with

care: the instructor must be erudite enough to be able to guide students. If he is not well read, the

chances of guiding others would be diminished.

It must also be remembered that preparation for the optional subjects must be done on one's own, as

it is unlikely that any coaching centre would be able to do justice to all the subjects.

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