CLASSICAL GREEK CLASSICAL GREEK HUMANISMHUMANISM

THE HELLENIC PERIODTHE HELLENIC PERIOD

THE CLASSICAL PERIODTHE CLASSICAL PERIOD

““MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS.” THINGS.”

PROTAGORAS PROTAGORAS

HUMANISMHUMANISM

MAN IS AT THE CENTERMAN IS AT THE CENTER

HUMAN REASONHUMAN REASON

• THE POWER TO THE POWER TO THINK AND REASON THINK AND REASON GAVE MAN HIS WORTHGAVE MAN HIS WORTH

• NO AUTHORITY HIGHER THAN NO AUTHORITY HIGHER THAN REASONREASON

• ‘‘GOD” WAS AN GOD” WAS AN ABSTRACTABSTRACT IDEA NOT A IDEA NOT A PERSONAL PRESENCEPERSONAL PRESENCE– ““Logos”- divine mind behind a rational and Logos”- divine mind behind a rational and

ordered universe ordered universe

CLASSICAL EDUCATIONCLASSICAL EDUCATION• PEDAGOGUE- PEDAGOGUE- TUTORTUTOR• INDIVIUDALIZED INDIVIUDALIZED

INSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTION– Rhetoric Rhetoric – GrammarGrammar– LogicLogic– HistoryHistory– Music Music – Mathematics Mathematics

• MALE ORIENTEDMALE ORIENTED

• GIRLS WERE EDUCATED IN THE GIRLS WERE EDUCATED IN THE AREA OF RUNNING A AREA OF RUNNING A HOUSEHOLD AND RAISING HOUSEHOLD AND RAISING CHILDRENCHILDREN

CLASSICAL ART AND CLASSICAL ART AND ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

• GLORIFIED THE HUMAN BEINGGLORIFIED THE HUMAN BEING

• PERFECT PROPORTION AND FORMPERFECT PROPORTION AND FORM

• FOCUS WAS ON FOCUS WAS ON BEAUTY AND ORDERBEAUTY AND ORDER

• BUILDINGS REFLECTED PRECISE BUILDINGS REFLECTED PRECISE MATHEMATICAL PROPORTIONMATHEMATICAL PROPORTION– ““GOLDEN MEANGOLDEN MEAN” - MATHEMATICAL FORMULA ” - MATHEMATICAL FORMULA

• LOGICAL LOGICAL

• BUIDLINGS WERE BULIT TO A HUMAN BUIDLINGS WERE BULIT TO A HUMAN SCALESCALE

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

CLASSICAL LITERATURECLASSICAL LITERATURE

• HERODATUSHERODATUS– 484–425 BC484–425 BC

• WROTE A WROTE A HISTORY HISTORY OF ANCIENT OF ANCIENT EGYPT EGYPT AND AND

• A A HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF THE PERSIAN WARS PERSIAN WARS

AESOPAESOP620–564 BC 620–564 BC • WROTE FABLESWROTE FABLES

STORIES WITH A STORIES WITH A

MORAL LESSONMORAL LESSON

DRAMADRAMA

• SOPHOCLESSOPHOCLES

• 497 BC -406 BC497 BC -406 BC– OEDUPUS REXOEDUPUS REX

– ANTIGONEANTIGONE

OEDUPUS REXOEDUPUS REX

GREEK PHILOSOPHYGREEK PHILOSOPHY

• THE GREEKS WERE THE FIRST TO USE THE GREEKS WERE THE FIRST TO USE ABSTRACT THOUGHT ABSTRACT THOUGHT TO EXPLORE TO EXPLORE LIFE’S BIG QUESTIONSLIFE’S BIG QUESTIONS– WHO AM I?WHO AM I?

– WHERE DID I COME FROM?WHERE DID I COME FROM?

– WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG?WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG?

– WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIFE?WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIFE?

GREEK PHILOSOPHYGREEK PHILOSOPHY

– FOCUSED ON FOCUSED ON RHETORIC RHETORIC • – – SPEAKING WELLSPEAKING WELL

– LOGICLOGIC – RATIONAL THINKING – RATIONAL THINKING

– ETHICSETHICS- MORAL QUESTIONS- RIGHT AND - MORAL QUESTIONS- RIGHT AND WRONG WRONG

– STRESSED STRESSED CIVIC DUTY – CIVIC DUTY – • what is a good citizen what is a good citizen

– STRESSED STRESSED ARETEARETE-- • EXCELLENCE IN ALL THINGSEXCELLENCE IN ALL THINGS

MAJOR GREEK PHILOSOPHERSMAJOR GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

• SOCRATES 469-399 BCSOCRATES 469-399 BC

• SOCRATES NEVER SOCRATES NEVER WROTE ANTHING WROTE ANTHING

• PLATO RECORDED HIS PLATO RECORDED HIS

IDEAS AND IDEAS AND

PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY

Socrates’ words to the Athenians Socrates’ words to the Athenians

• ““The unexamined life is not worth The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.” living for a human being.” –Plato’s Plato’s Apology Apology

• The Trial and Death of Socrates The Trial and Death of Socrates

SOCRATES’ IDEAS SOCRATES’ IDEAS

• What is wisdom? What is wisdom?

• What is a good life?What is a good life?

• What is the care of What is the care of the soul? the soul?

SOCRATES WAS ACCUSED OF CORRUPTING THE SOCRATES WAS ACCUSED OF CORRUPTING THE YOUTH OF ATHENS AND DENYING THE ATHENIAN YOUTH OF ATHENS AND DENYING THE ATHENIAN GODS – HE WAS SENTENCED TO DEATH GODS – HE WAS SENTENCED TO DEATH

PLATO- PLATO- 427-347 BC 427-347 BC

• STUDENT OF STUDENT OF SOCRATESSOCRATES

• THE REPUBLICTHE REPUBLIC

• WHAT IS A GOOD WHAT IS A GOOD GOVERNMENT? GOVERNMENT?

• REJECTED DIRECT REJECTED DIRECT DEMOCRACY- DEMOCRACY- FEARED THE FEARED THE UNEDUCATED UNEDUCATED MASSES MASSES

• PHILOSPOPHER PHILOSPOPHER KING- BEST RULER KING- BEST RULER

• PLATO’S PLATO’S APOLOGY APOLOGY

• THE TRIAL AND THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF DEATH OF SOCRATES SOCRATES

ARISTOTLEARISTOTLE384 BC – 322 BC384 BC – 322 BC• STUDENT OF PLATOSTUDENT OF PLATO

• TUTOR TO ALEXANDER TUTOR TO ALEXANDER

THE GREAT THE GREAT

• STUDIED SCIENCE STUDIED SCIENCE

• ETHICSETHICS

• LOGIC LOGIC

• DEVELOPED THE “GOLDEN MEAN” DEVELOPED THE “GOLDEN MEAN”

– MODERATION IN ALL THINGS- AVOID MODERATION IN ALL THINGS- AVOID EXTREMES EXTREMES

ARISTOTLE’S VIEW OF THE SOLAR ARISTOTLE’S VIEW OF THE SOLAR SYSTEMSYSTEM