PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Objectives Define matter.

Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states of matter in terms of particles.

Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.

Classify Changes of matter as physical or chemical.

Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

Identify the chemical symbols of elements, and name elements, given their symbols.

Identify important families of elements on the periodic table.

TEKS: 2A,2D,2E,3B,3C,3D,3E,4A,4B,4C,4D,5A,11A,11B

Definition of MatterThe two properties of matter are:

• Mass – amount of matter

• Volume – amount of space occupied

• Therefore…matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• The study of Matter is Chemistry.

• Density = Mass (m)/ Volume (V)

• D= m/V or g/mL

Density

Density is the mass of an object divided by its volume.

Density = mass/volumeMass calculated on scale.Measure in SI (Systeme

International) grams

Volume = l x w x h (regular)Cm3 or CC or mL

Volume of an Irregular shape

Volume of sample = final water level − initial water level.

86 mL – 80 mL = 6 mL

Identify Unknown Substances Using density you can identify

substances

Water density is 1.0 g/mL

States of Matter Solid – definite shape and volume ice

Liquid – definite volume, and takes the shape of the container

water

Gas – takes the shape and volume of the container steam

Plasma – a collection of high energy ions and electrons.

Sun• Only place on earth in arc of arc welder

Physical Changes Physical change alters the substance

without changing its composition or chemical identity.

From a solid to a liquid, boil, melt cut break, split , grind crush , bend, condense freeze , dissolve and crack are examples of physical changes.

Physical Properties

A physical property is a condition that can be measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance.

Examples of physical properties include color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, melting point and boiling point, etc.

Chemical Properties

The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction to form a new substance is called a chemical property. Chemical properties are observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change.

Chemical Change A change in which one or more

substances are converted into different substances is called a chemical change or chemical reaction\

Yields

C + O2 CO2

(reactants) (product)

Usually light or heat producedBubbles producedForms a percipitant

Look for terms such as . . .

burn rot rust decompose ferment explode oxidize corrode grow precipitate gas formation digest

Classifying Properties

Both physical and chemical properties can be classified as being either extensive or intensive properties.

Extensive vs. IntensiveExtensive Properties

Depend on the amount of matter present

Mass, volume, length, height, amount of energy, etc.

Intensive Properties

Do not depend on the amount of matter present

Density, boiling point, melting point, color, ability to conduct electricity, etc.

Classifying Matter Matter is classified by the number of

phases it contains.

Any part of a system with uniform composition and properties is called a phase.

Matter can be classified as either Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.

Homogeneous & Heterogeneous

Homo = same Hetero = different• Homogeneous materials exist in only one phase.

• Heterogeneous materials contain more than one phase.• Includes

solutions, compound & elements

• Example:milkshake

• Separate by filter, magnet, distill, evaproration

• Heterogeneous materials are all mixtures

• Example:Salad

• Separate by picking out different particles

Mixtures Mixtures are a physical blend of 2 or

more kinds of matter.

Mixtures can be either homogeneous (solutions) or heterogeneous.

Separation of mixtures is done by physical means such as magnets, distillation, chromatography and filtration.

Pure Substances• A pure substance has a fixed

composition . Elements and compounds are pure substances.

• Unlike mixtures, every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition.

Elements and CompoundsAn element is a collection of the same

type of atom. They are the simplest form of matter that can exist under normal lab conditions.

Atoms are the smallest particle of an element

Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically combined. They can be separated only by a chemical change.

Reactants Products Na + Cl(g) NaClSodium + Chlorine Yeilds Sodium Chloride (table

Salt)

Law of Conservation of Mass

“What you start with you have to end with” Matter is neither created or destroyed but

changed from one form to another.Chemical Formula

Coefficient(Reactants)2H2 + O2 2H2O (Product)

Subscript

Forms of EnergyThermal is Heat Energy

Temperature is the measure of average energy.

Endotherimic

Taking in heat Example: ice takes

in heat and melts

Exothermic

Release energy Example: Wood fire

Forms of Energy

Kinetic (motion) Potential (stored) Chemical (battery Li) Electromagnetic (light waves) Electrical (electrically charged particles) Thermal (heat)

You can change from one form to another.

Classification of Matter

Mixtures Pure Substances

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Solutions Compounds

Elements

Homogeneous Matter