Classifying Living Organisms

Domains and Kingdoms

Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System

Swedish botanist (1707-1778) Binomial Nomenclature –

two-part scientific name Genus species

Why Latin?Latin was the language known

universally by the educated Also used as a descriptor

Carolus Linneaus

Kingdom Phylum

Class Order

Family Genus

species

Avoiding common names

Cat

Gato

Koshka

Chien

kitty

Cougar

Mountain Lion Puma

Catamount

Panther

Domains

Kingdoms Scientists look at the evolutionary history of

organisms to divide them into kingdoms. For awhile, there has been 5 kingdoms, but many scientist are now using 6 kingdoms.

Scientists place organisms in different kingdoms depending on its characteristics such as:

What type of cell? Prokaryote or Eukaryote Unicellular or MulticellularAutotrophic or HeterotrophicReproduction? Asexually or Sexually

6 Kingdoms of Living Things

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

DOMAINS

BACTERIA ARCHAE EUKARYA

KINGDOMS

Eubacteria

KINGDOMS KINGDOMS

Archaebacteria Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Prefix meanings Pro = for, forward Eu = Do Uni = One Multi = Many Auto = Self Hetero = Other Troph = Feed A = Without

Domain or Kingdom: Eubacteria

Prokaryote unicellular Often do need oxygen Live and feed by decomposing other cells. Some can do photosynthesis. Reproduce asexually. video

Domain Archaeaor Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Can be autotrophic and heterotrophic Reproduce asexually Live in harsh environments; classified base on

where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

Heterotrophic Bacteria

1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;

E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you.

2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.

3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

Autotrophic BacteriaProducers -> Use

sunlight to make food and are often green.

Example: Cyanobacteria: Blue-

green algae Lives in water Has chlorophyll

(green pigment for photosynthesis)

Some others have blue or red pigment.

Domain Eukaryota

Eukaryote Unicellular or multicellular Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae,

Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

Protista Kingdoms

Eukaryote Unicellular Heterotroph or Autotroph Reproduce primarily asexually

Protista includesProtozoa of 4 main groups:

classified based on movement

Protista includesseveral types of Algae and Seaweed

classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryote Usually multicellular but can be unicellular Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from

decomposing organisms Reproduce both sexually and asexually video

Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryote multicellular Autotrophs: Photosynthesis Reproduce both sexually and asexually

4 Main Divisions of Plants

Kingdom Animalia

Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph: eat other organisms Sexual reproduction

9 Major Animal Phyla

Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish) Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Nematoda (roundworms) Annelida (segmentedworms) Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)

Arthropoda (insects, crabs) Echinodermata (starfish) Chordata (vertebrates)

VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

What is a virus?• Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living

organisms (hosts).

Structure of Virus:

• Capsid (Protein coat)

• Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

Are virus alive?

Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. They are not made of cells.They need a host cell to reproduce.

There is no cure, only a treatment. Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses Antiviral medications only stop viruses from

reproducing.