CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL

TEACHING ENGLISH BY USING COMIC TO PROMOTE THE

SECOND YEARS STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN SPEAKING

AT SMP N 1 VII KOTO SUNGAI SARIAK.

Lecturer: Dr. Kusni, M. Pd

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE MID TERM ASSIGNMENT

OF RESEARCH ON ELT SUBJECT

By:

R I O P U T R A

0710013121107

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION

BUNG HATTA UNIVERSITY

PADANG

2010

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Problem

1.2 Identification of Problem

1.3 Limitation of Problem

1.4 Formulation of Problem

1.5 Action Hypotheses

1.6 Purpose of The Study

1.7 Benefit of The Study

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Media

2.1.1 Definition of Media

2.1.2 Types of Media

2.2 Comic

2.2.1 Definition of Comic

2.2.2 Types of Comic

2.2.3 The Use of Comics in Teaching

2.3 The Concept of Speaking

2.3.1 Definition of Speaking

2.3.2 The Component of Speaking

2.4 Teaching Speaking by Using Comic

2.5 Comic Form

2.6 Over View

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Research Procedure and Planning

3.2.1 Research Subject

3.2.2 Research Place

3.2.3 Research Time

3.2.4 Action Research Duration

3.2.5 Research Cycle

3.2.5.1 The First Cycle

3.2.5.2 Second Cycle

3.2.5.3 Third Cycle

3.3 Method of Gathering Data

3.4 Method of analyzing Data

3.5 Research Schedule

REFERENCES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Problem

Speaking is an important skill in foreign language learning. Students are

expected to be competent and to develop speaking skill in both formal and

informal situation in. It needs to be supported by English components;

vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation which are taught appropriate with

standard competence at Junior High School. The students are expected to be able

in speaking, it means they are able to share ideas and opinions to listeners through

English speaking. Speaking skill is viewed as the measure of knowing English. It

is the requirement that is important for success of indonesian students in

welcoming globalization era.

Speaking involves a process of building and sharing meaing through the use

of language orally and the students will know the way how to express language

communicatively. They will learn how to express utterances meaningfully. It also

leads them to make interaction in the societyby using language since speaking is

one of important skils that should be mastered bybthe students in learning foreign

language.

In fact one of the four English skills which are not taught well at Junior High

School is speaking, the students are difficult to speak, some of them, even, think

that it is difficult subject. The result of learning English does not achieve

minimum criteria for completeness. It is caused by internal and external factors.

The internal factors include are motivation and interest while the external factors

are teachers’ teaching techniques and teaching media as well.

Based the researcher’s observation, the students’ skilll in speaking is still far

from what it should be. The first problem deals with the students do not accustom

speak in front of the class and they feel shy if they want to express their opinion.

And 30% of the students’ mark is below or they do not pass the test.

Therefore, teaching English especially speaking skill should be distributed to

the students by using many creative techniques. Through that way, the students

will be interested in studying English.

The teachers should also be able to use some media of teaching. According to

Moalani (2007), in general, there are three kinds of media in teaching process.

They are audio, visual, audio visual. Mc Keachie (2005) states that film,

television, among many examples, can be used for educational objective; to

achieve students’ comprehension. Then, Rohani (1997) also gives statement that

comic is a kind of visual media that can be effectively used in teaching English.

Nowadays, reading comic is commonly preferred by most young learners.

This fact and Rohani’s statement are inspiring the writer that comic can be

applied as interesting and effective media in teaching English, especially in

teaching speaking. One of the reasons is that condition will make students

understand the dialogue easier which it is one of basic competence that must be

mastered by the students at class VIII of Junior High School. Teaching English

by using comic leads the students to understand the dialogue taught by the

teacher, the picture in the comic will help the students to comprehend the

meaning of words and the topic in the comic. Moreover, they can practice it in

their daily speaking.

However, based on the writer’s observation at SMP N 1 VII Koto Sungai

Sariak there was a low motivation in studying English, the students were passive

in learning English and they did not have self confidence in speaking English.

According to writer, one of factors that cause the condition was the use of media

by the English teachers like books, pictures, or photographs. The writer thought

that the students also need a new and a creative media to increase their motivation

and grades. In this case, comic is a kind of media that can solve the problem. So it

could be a solution to solve this problem.

Based on the explanation above, the writer intended to conduct the classroom

action research focusing on the use of comic in teaching English. The writer

wanted to prove the effectiveness of using comic in teaching English toward the

second year students’ English speaking ability at SMP N 1 VII Koto Sungai

Sariak.

1.2 Identification of Problem

The are many aspects that influence students to be interested in studying

English. The aspects are materials, facilities, and the technique of teaching. To make

students make students like English subject, there are also some media that can be

used in teaching, such as TV, video, tape recorder, photograph, comic, picture, and

some others.

It can be found many kinds of comics. They are cartoon, comic strip, comic

book, annual comic, comic album, web comic, instructional comic, storyboard,

simple comic and planning on mind. Good and appropriate choosing of aspects and

media tends to result in the improvement of students achievement.

1.3 Limitation of The Problem

Based on the explanation on the two sub-chapters above, the writer wanted to

conduct the research under the following limitation. Firstly, the writer focused the use

comic among various well known techniques of using media in teaching English.

Secondly, the writer stressed the use of comic in order to see its influence to students’

speaking ability. In using comic, it can be chosen the simple comic as media because

it is a kind of easier and cheaper type. It made easy in preparing the media.

The writer limited the research at the second year students of SMP N 1 VII

Koto Sungai Sariak as the source of data. The reason was that they have been trained

to speak in class of English.

1.4 Formulation of The Problem

Based on the identification and limitation, so the formulation of the problem

in this proposal was: “How effectiveness was using comic in teaching speaking to

promote the second year students’ English speaking ability at SMP N 1 VII Koto

Sungai Sariak?”

1.5 Action Hypotheses

An action hypothesis in this study is teaching English by using comic can

improve the result of English learning process.

1.6 Purpose of study

There are some purposes of this study, they are:

1. To answer the question formulated above, especially to prove the

effectiveness of using comic in teaching English at SMP N 1 VII Koto

Sungai Sariak.

2. To improve the students’ ability in understanding the dialogue taught

by using comic.

3. To develop learning strategy and effective, efficient, and fun learning

model.

4. To improve students’ motivation in learning English.

1.7 Benefit of study

a. For Teachers

1. To develop effective, efficient, and fun learning model which can

involve the students being active in English learning process to

improve their communicative competence.

2. To improve the result teaching and learning process.

3. To assist improving the quality of teachers’ professionalism as

educator.

4. To assist in designing scientific paper which is be evaluation of getting

support in teacher

b. For Students

1. To improve students’ ability in interpreting the meaning of the

dialogue by using comic, so the students can speak fluently and can

apply the dialogue to their environment in their daily activity.

2. To improve the students’ motivation and interest.

3. To build students’ confidence in communicating.

4. To improve the students’ communicative competence and their

achievement in learning English.

c. For The school

Through the learning method by using comic can improve English learning

process at SMP N 1 VII Koto Sungai Sariak.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the writer discusses the expert point of view the media, comic,

the concept of speaking, the ways of teaching speaking, comic form, and overview.

2.1 Media

2.1.1 Definition of Media

In teaching learning process, media is needed some of media to improve

students’ ability Media can give effective relationship between students and

materials. Arsyad (2003) states that media is graphic, photographic or electronic

instrument for catching, processing, rearranging visual or verbal information. In other

word, he states that media is media is instrument that can be used to distribute some

points in a material of subject.

Rohani (1997) defines media as everything that can be used to send or distribute

in communication process. The communication refers to teaching and learning

process. Then, according to Gagne in Sadiman (2003), media is defined as some

kinds of components in the students’ environment that can stimulate the students to

study better.

Moreover, Hamalik (1986) defines media as the instruments, methods, and

techniques in teaching learning process to make interaction and communication more

effective between teacher and students.

Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that media is instruments

to increase students’ motivation and make effective the distributing important points

in a material of subject. The media should be interesting and useful.

2.1.2 Types of Media

There are three kinds of media generally. They are audio, visual, and

audiovisual. According to Rohani (1997), comic is a kind of visual media. Arsyad

(2003) states that there are some types of media. They are printed media media, audio

visual media and media come from printed and computer technology.

Then, according to Gerlach in Rohani (1997), media can be divided into real

materials, printed materials, and display materials. Then, Thomas in Rohani (1997)

states that chart, diagram, picture, comic, caricature, overhead projector transparent,

film slide, audio aids, audiovisual media, are kinds of media that can be used in

teaching learning process.

2.2 Comic

2.2.1 Definition of Comic

Comic is a part of visual media in teaching process. Visual approach by using

comic is usually used to make students interested in reading something. It will also

make the students comprehend a material easily (Wahono, 2006). Comic is easy,

simple and private. A reader of a comic will read the text without instruction. In other

word, it is enjoyed media that can be used in teaching process. According to rohani

(1997), through teacher’s guidance, comic can be media to grow and increase reading

and studying habit.

Wahono (2006) states that comics are a kind of art that is used some pictures

arranged to be a plot. Eisner in Lestari (2007) defines comic as arrangement of words

and pictures in a comic book. He adds, comic is arrangement of pictures and words to

tell something or make an idea. Then, Jackson (2008) states that comics are graphic

medium which words and images are utilized in order to convey a narrative. Comic

can contain little or no words, and consist of one or more images, which may either

illustrate or counterpoint the text to affect greater depth.

Moreover, Eisner in Morgon (2000) states that comics are juxtaposed pictorial

and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/ or to

produce an aesthetic response in the viewer.

From the explanation of comic above, it can be concluded that comics are

media that consisted of pictures. The pictures have an idea. It can have text or not.

However, most of them are followed by text for making clear the idea in the pictures.

2.2.2 Types of Comic

According to Comic (2007) there are some types of comic:

1. Cartoon

It consists of a slide. There are some pictures and text in this comic. In general

this type is contained humorous pictures and critic and also allusion. When

people look at the pictures, they can get idea or meaning from the picture.

This type can be found in magazines or newspapers.

2. Comic Strip

It is a piece of picture, or pieces of pictures combined to become a plot. It can

also be a continued story. It can be found in magazine or daily newspaper.

Some time this type is humorous story.

3. Comic Book

It is a comic that is arranged in a book form. It is often called short pictorial

story. It consists of thirty two until sixty four pages. There are three types of

comic book. There are trade paperback, magazine comic, and graphic novel.

Trade paper back is not too wide and big, like an usual book. Although, it

looks like thin, it can be an interesting book when it is printed by using good

quality papers and given interesting colors. Many readers like the

performance. Magazine, it has thick paper pages. Its cover is thick and

interesting. It can consist of longer story because it has wide and big pages.

Then, graphic novel consists of more than hundred pages. It will make readers

more comprehensive because the story is complete and hard.

4. Annual Comic

It is launched periodically. It is printed legally. It can be launched as monthly

or annual comic. The publisher will launch the comic once or three times a

year.

5. Comic Album

Comic album is collection of some comics. It is a result from some interesting

comic that is collected and printed as a bundle.

6. Web Comic

It is a comic that published on internet. It is an audio comic. It can be

published with cheaper fee. The comic reader can open the site on internet and

find many stories.

7. Instructional Comic

It consists of some instructions. This type is not a story, but it is an instruction

to do something. By using picture or comic, the instruction will be

comprehended easily.

8. Storyboard

It is used in advertisement. For instance, when people make a film they will

advertise the film. It is performed in some pictures. It can be called comic. It

is made in largest pages. The aim is to advertise the film before launching.

9. Simple Comic

This comic is made by using someone’s handwriting. It can be an interesting

comic by performing good picture and story. This type can be given

interesting color too. It is also cheaper than other comic.

10. Planning on Mind

When someone thinks about a story, he/ she will imagine some pictures on

his/ her mind. Actually, the imagination can be called as a comic. It means,

not all of comic should be printed.

2.2.3 The Use of Comic in Teaching

Comic has been spread out widely as a medium entertain. The colored

illustration, simple theme plot, and the characterization will attract the person who

read it. Amazingly, nearly everyone says yes if they are asked whether they have ever

read comic. The wide spread of comic has interested the writer in using comic as a

medium for teaching.

A teacher may use the potential of comic in motivating the students. The main

role of comic book in teaching is its strength in motivating the students’ interest. It is

better to combine the use of comic as a medium of teaching will be more effective. A

teacher should help the students to find a good and enjoyable comic which is

appropriate to the way the students think and the students’ age. Also, a teacher should

help them get broader information and knowledge from the comic.

2.3 The Concept of Speaking

2.3.1 Definition of Speaking

The ability to speak English is important for the goal of language. Speaking

occurs when two or more people interact. According to Widdowson (1984), speaking

is the active production skill and use oral production. Then, Lado (1961) states that

speaking is ability to use, in essentially normal communication situations, the signal

system of pronunciation stress and intonation, grammatical structure and vocabulary

of foreign language at a normal delivery for native speaker of the language. In

addition, Clark (1977) states that speaking is a fundamental instruments and speakers

talk in order to have some effects on their listeners.

Finally, based on the explanation above, the writer concluded that speaking is

oral communication that is used by someone on delivering his/ her opinion, thought,

feeling, etc to other in order the messages can be clearly received by interlocutor.

2.3.2 Component of Speaking

As we know, speaking ability is very important for the goal of language

learning. Harris (1974) states that there are five components that are generally

recognized in speaking ability. They are pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary,

fluency, and comprehension.

Pronunciation that covers the segmental feature, vowel, consonant, stress,

intonation and pattern. Grammar means the ability to arrange the sentence in a good

structure. Vocabulary covers the use of words. Fluency is the case and speech as well

as to initiate it.