Clean Energy SolutionsClean Energy Solutions

Milton L. CharltonMilton L. Charlton

Chief for Environment, Science, Technology and Chief for Environment, Science, Technology and Health AffairsHealth Affairs

U.S. Embassy Seoul

Global Energy ChallengesGlobal Energy Challenges

Rapid growth in demandRapid growth in demand

Air pollutionAir pollution

Energy securityEnergy security

Climate changeClimate change

Rapid Growth in DemandRapid Growth in Demand

50 – 60% increase by 203050 – 60% increase by 2030

Coal demand is rising fastestCoal demand is rising fastest

Source: International Energy Agency

Source: International Energy Agency

Air PollutionAir Pollution

Coal, oil and other fossil fuels produce Coal, oil and other fossil fuels produce pollutants and particulatespollutants and particulates

Energy SecurityEnergy Security

Few suppliers to international marketsFew suppliers to international markets

Threats include supply disruptions Threats include supply disruptions and price instabilityand price instability

Climate ChangeClimate Change

IPCC report IPCC report

Human causes of global Human causes of global warmingwarming

especially especially from burning from burning fossil fuelsfossil fuels

Climate ChangeClimate Change

IPCC forecastsIPCC forecasts significant social disruption ignificant social disruption caused by rising global temperaturescaused by rising global temperatures

Needed: Needed: Clean Alternatives to Fossil FuelsClean Alternatives to Fossil Fuels

Research is showing us Research is showing us positive paths forwardpositive paths forward

Clean Energy Solutions: Clean Energy Solutions: Transportation SectorTransportation Sector

EthanolEthanol

HybridsHybrids

Hydrogen Fuel CellsHydrogen Fuel Cells

EthanolEthanol

New research shows environmental benefits

Cellulosic EthanolCellulosic Ethanol

Feedstocks can be switchgrass, wood waste

Cellulosic EthanolCellulosic Ethanol

Source: Renewable Fuels Association

HybridsHybrids

Plug-in HybridsPlug-in Hybrids

Promise 60 KM per charge – range of most commutes

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric VehiclesVehicles

Produces only water and heat, not GHG

Clean Energy Solutions:Clean Energy Solutions:Power GenerationPower Generation

Clean CoalClean Coal

Carbon Capture and Carbon Capture and SequestrationSequestration

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

RenewablesRenewables

Clean CoalClean Coal

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle – removes pollutants and some GHG

Carbon Capture and Carbon Capture and SequestrationSequestration

Source: Energy Information Administration

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

Near Zero Emissions

Renewable Energy Cost TrendsLevelized cents/kWh in constant $20001

Wind

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

PVC

OE

ce

nts

/kW

h

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

40

30

20

10

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

BiomassGeothermal Solar thermal

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

CO

E c

en

ts/k

Wh

10

8

6

4

2

0

70

60

50

40

30

2010

0

15

12

9

6

3

0

Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)1These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data.Updated: October 2002

U.S. Support for U.S. Support for Clean Energy SolutionsClean Energy Solutions

More than $12 billion since 2001

““Twenty in Ten”Twenty in Ten”Cutting U.S. Gasoline Consumption

20% by 2017

U.S. Industry CooperationU.S. Industry Cooperation

Big automakers promiseBig automakers promise

50%50% of products will be flex-fuel-ready of products will be flex-fuel-ready

by by 20122012

FutureGenFutureGen

Near-Zero-Emissions Coal Plants

International PartnershipsInternational Partnerships

--Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean --Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and ClimateDevelopment and Climate

--International Partnership for a Hydrogen --International Partnership for a Hydrogen EconomyEconomy

--Methane to Markets--Methane to Markets--Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum--Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum--Generation IV Nuclear Forum--Generation IV Nuclear Forum--International Thermonuclear Experimental --International Thermonuclear Experimental

Reactor (ITER)Reactor (ITER)

The Future is Almost HereThe Future is Almost Here

Experts believe that Experts believe that

Cellulosic ethanol can be Cellulosic ethanol can be commercialized within 5 to 10 yearscommercialized within 5 to 10 years

Automakers expect to sell plug-in Automakers expect to sell plug-in hybrids by 2012hybrids by 2012

A Strong Sense of MissionA Strong Sense of Mission

““I would hope that Congress would move I would hope that Congress would move expeditiously on our plan to reduce expeditiously on our plan to reduce gasoline usage by 20 percent over the gasoline usage by 20 percent over the next 10 years. It’s in our national security next 10 years. It’s in our national security interest that we do this, it’s in our interest that we do this, it’s in our economic security interest, and it will help economic security interest, and it will help us be better stewards of the environment.”us be better stewards of the environment.”

President George W. Bush, March 26, 2007President George W. Bush, March 26, 2007