climate change 1-physical factors

7/25/2019 Climate Change 1-Physical Factors

1/15

Higher Geography - Atmosphere

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE


2/15

Note 1 - the graph shows a steady rise in

global temperature.

Note 2 - since 1860 this temperature

rise has only been about 1C

Note 2 - since 1860 this temperature

rise has only been about 1C

Note 3 - here ha!e also been

cooler than a!erage years.

Note 3 - here ha!e also been

cooler than a!erage years.

Note " -the ya#is does not showthe actual temperature - it shows

the di$$erence $rom the a!erage%

Note " -the ya#is does not showthe actual temperature - it shows

the di$$erence $rom the a!erage%


3/15

Physical Factors

olar !ariatio"

#olca"ic acti!ity

Ocea" c$rre"ts

Mila"%o!itchcycles

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

H$ma" Factors

B$r"i"g &ossil &$els

I"crease' o$tp$t o&

metha"e etc(

)e&orestatio"


4/15

PH*ICAL +-OLA, #A,IATION

he sun&s output !aries slightly $rom time to time

- its si'e is e!en (nown to change by a $raction

as it e#pands and contracts.

he sun&s output !aries slightly $rom time to time

- its si'e is e!en (nown to change by a $raction

as it e#pands and contracts.


5/15

PH*ICAL + - OLA, #A,IATION

)unspots* an increase

in sunspot acti!ity maylead to a !ery slight

increase in the sun&s

output and a temporary

warming o$ the earth.

)unspot acti!ity

$ollows 11 and 22 year

cycles.

he Little Ice Ageo$1"+0-1,00 may ha!e

been lin(ed to periods o$

!ery low sunspot

acti!ity.

)unspots* an increasein sunspot acti!ity may

lead to a !ery slight

increase in the sun&s

output and a temporary

warming o$ the earth.

)unspot acti!ity

$ollows 11 and 22 year

cycles.

he Little Ice Ageo$1"+0-1,00 may ha!e

been lin(ed to periods o$

!ery low sunspot

acti!ity.


6/15

PH*ICAL - #OLCANIC E,.PTION

Er$ptio"s o& !olca"oes

ca" thro/ millio"s o&to""es o& ash0'$st a"'

sulphur dioxide i"to

the atmosphere(

This pro'$ces aerosolsthat ca" re'$ce the

amo$"t o& s$"light

reachi"g the earth(

This ca" lea' to a

temporary cooli"g o&

the earth(


7/15

#OLCANIC E,.PTION

Ma1or er$ptio"s i" the past /hichha!e 2ee" li"%e' to short perio's o&

glo2al cooli"g i"cl$'e

Tambora (1815), Krakatoa

(1883), Mt. St Helens(18!) and "inatubo

(11)


8/15

hen t.

/inatuboerupted in 11

an estimated 22

million tons o$

ash was thrown

into the

atmosphere

cooling the

world&s climate

by about 1C.

hen t.

/inatubo

erupted in 11

an estimated 22

million tons o$

ash was thrown

into theatmosphere

cooling the

world&s climate

by about 1C.

hen amboraerupted in 181+

it led to 1816

being called th

year withoutsummer when

summer $rosts

and other ma4or

weather

problems were

e#perienced. 5t

cooled the

global climate b

3C.

hen amboraerupted in 181+

it led to 1816

being called th

year withoutsummer when

summer $rosts

and other ma4or

weather

problems weree#perienced. 5t

cooled the

global climate b

3C.


9/15

PH*ICAL 3 - MILAN4O#ITCH C*CLE

tretch0 5o22le

a"' ,oll666


10/15

Mila"%o!itchcycles are three

!ariatio"s i" theearth7s or2it(Altho$gh theymay 2e li"%e' to

!ery lo"g termcha"ges i" theclimate0 theire&&ect /o$l' "ot2e "otice' o" ascale o& a &e/h$"'re' years(


11/15

PH*ICAL 8 - OCEAN C.,,ENT

Cha"ges i" the patter" a"' stre"gth o& ocea"c$rre"ts may lea' to cha"ges i" the

'istri2$tio" o& heat aro$"' the pla"et(

A short term e9ample /o$l' 2e #l $i%o0

/hich appears e!ery &e/ years(

A lo"ger term e9ample /o$l' 2e the$orth

&tlanti' rit0 /hich may cha"ge positio"

e!ery &e/ tho$sa"' years(


12/15


13/15

ENO - the El Ni:o o$ther" Oscillatio"

n El Nioyearn El Nioyear

7!ery 2-, years the western/aci$ic becomes much

warmer disrupting weather

patterns - possibly on a

global scale.

7!ery 2-, years the western/aci$ic becomes much

warmer disrupting weather

patterns - possibly on a

global scale.

he normal

conditions with cool

sur$ace water o$$ the

coast o$ /eru.

he normalconditions with cool

sur$ace water o$$ the

coast o$ /eru.


14/15

ne theory

suggests

that globalwarming will

increase the

number o$

icebergs in

the tlantic

cooling the

sea and

switching o$$

the North

tlantic

9ri$t :tlantic

Con!eyor

system. his

would be bad

news $or us%

ne theory

suggests

that global

warming will

increase the

number o$

icebergs in

the tlantic

cooling thesea and

switching o$$

the North

tlantic

9ri$t :tlantic

Con!eyor

system. his

would be bad

news $or us%


15/15

he tlantic

Con!eyor systemis part o$ a global

circulation o$

water and heat

energy.

he tlantic

Con!eyor system

is part o$ a global

circulation o$

water and heat

energy.

climate change 1-physical factors

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