1 Semen analysis:

Period of abstinence: 3 days

Amount : 3 ml

Appearance : Grey white

Liquefaction : 15 minutes

pH : 8.0

Sperm count : 10 millions/ml

Motility : >60% of sperms are actively motile.

Morphology : >65% of sperms are of normal morphology.

Answer the following question:

1. What is the diagnosis?2. Mention the indications for semen analysis.

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

2. A 5 year old child was brought to the hospital with a history of fever on and off, with evening rise of temperature since 1 month. The CSF analysis showed the following features.

Physical examination:

Volume : 2mlColour/Appearance : Turbid

Chemical examination:

Protein : 60 mg/dlGlucose : 45 mg/dlChloride : 70mEq/L

Microscopy:

Total cell count : 1200 cells/ cummDifferential count : Lymphocytes: 90%, Neutrophils: 10%

Answer the following question:

1. What is the diagnosis?2. Mention other investigations you would do?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

3. A 3 year old child was brought to the hospital with a history of fever, vomiting, convulsions and altered sensorium of 2 days duration. The CSF analysis showed the following features.

Physical examination:

Volume : 2mlColour/Appearance : Turbid

Chemical examination:

Protein : 300 mg/dlGlucose : 10mg/dlChloride : 118mEq/L

Microscopy:

Total cell count : 1200 cells/ cummDifferential count : Neutrophils: 90%, Lymphocytes: 10%

Answer the following question:

1. What is the diagnosis?2. Mention other investigations you would do?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY

SIMS&RC, BANGALORE

4. A 8 yr old child was admitted with history of fever, swelling of the face, passing coco coloured urine since 2 days. Urine examination showed following features

Physical examination:Quantity : 900ml/dayColour : SmokyAppearance : Slightly turbidSpecific gravity : 1.030

Chemical examination:Ph : 7.0Albumin : +Blood : Present (+)Sugar : AbsentKetone bodies : Absent

Microscopy:Pus cells : 0-1/hpfEpithelial cells : 0-1/hpfRBCs : 10-20/hpfCasts and crystals : RBC casts 1-2/hpf Answer the following question:

1. What is your diagnosis?2. Mention the gross and microscopic changes in the

kidneys in this case?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY

SIMS&RC, BANGALORE

5. A female aged 40 years was admitted to the hospital with history of recurrent fever, loin pain since one week. Urine examination showed the following features.

Physical examination:Quantity : 2000ml/dayColour : YellowAppearance : TurbidSpecific gravity : 1.030

Chemical examination:Ph : 6.8Albumin : ++Blood : Present (+)Sugar : AbsentKetone bodies : Absent

Microscopy:Pus cells : 30-40/hpfEpithelial cells : 4-6/hpfRBCs : 2-4/hpfCasts and crystals : Pus cell casts seen. Answer the following question:

1. What is your diagnosis?2. What other investigations would you like to do?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY

SIMS&RC, BANGALORE

6. A 8 yr old child presented with history of generalized edema of 12 days duration. Urine examination showed the following features.

Physical examination:Quantity : 1400ml/dayColour : YellowAppearance : TurbidSpecific gravity : 1.036

Chemical examination:Ph : 7.2Albumin : ++++Blood : AbsentSugar : AbsentKetone bodies : Absent

Microscopy:Pus cells : 0-1/hpfEpithelial cells : 0-1/hpfRBCs : AbsentCasts and crystals : Absent Answer the following question:

1. What is your diagnosis?2. Define the condition and enumerate the causes?3. Mention any other investigations you would like to do?4. How is the specific gravity corrected for altered protein

levels?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

7. Patient presented with anaemia.

Retic stain

Answer the following question:

1. Identify abnormalities? 2. What is your observation?3. List the conditions in which it is increased?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

8. A 45 year old male presented with weakness and giddiness of 1 month duration.

Investigations:HB : 6.8gm%

Peripheral smear:

Answer the following question:

1. Identify abnormalities? 2. What is your diagnosis?3. Mention the causes for this blood picture?4. List other investigations you would like to do?5. What change would you expect in the bone marrow?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

9. A 3 year old child with splenomegaly and mild jaundice.

Investigations:HB : 8gm%

Peripheral smear:

Answer the following question:

1. Identify abnormalities? 2. What is your diagnosis?3. List the investigations you would like to do?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

10. A 4 year old child presented with repeated respiratory tract infection, mild growth retardation, splenomegaly & significant pallor.

Investigations:HB : 6gm%

Peripheral smear:

Answer the following question:

1. Identify the abnormality?2. What is your diagnosis?3. List the investigations you would like to do?4. Name the complications?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

11. A 30 year old female presented with a history of generalized weakness and fatigue since 3 weeks.

Investigations:HB : 4gm%

Peripheral smear:

Answer the following question:

1. Identify abnormalities? 2. What is your diagnosis?3. Mention the causes for this blood picture?4. List other investigations you would like to do?5. What change would you expect in the bone marrow?

DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGYSIMS&RC, BANGALORE

12.A 22 year old male presented with fever and chills.

Peripheral smear:

Answer the following question:

1. Identify abnormalities? 2. What is your diagnosis?3. Mention the other Haemoparastites.