cloud computing - a primer

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing: A Quick SnapshotPresentation by Raden Sucalit

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During the course of this presentation Motivations of Cloud Computing What really is it? Architecture/Taxonomy Delivery Models/Layers Deployment Models/Types Challenges and Opportunities Summary Image Credits & References

3IT infrastructure is reaching a breaking point.85% idleIn distributed computing environments, up to 85% of computing capacity sits idle.

An estimated 2 billion peoplewill be on the web by 2011Worldwide mobile telephone subscriptions reached 3.3 billion in 2007 one for every two people on the planet3.3 billion2 billionExplosion of information driving 54% growth in storage shipments every year. 1.5x70 per $170% on average is spent on maintaining current IT infrastructures versus adding new capabilities.

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4As the world gets smarter, demands on IT will grow

Smart traffic systems Smart water management Smart energy gridsSmart healthcareSmart food systems Intelligent oil field technologies Smart regionsSmart weather Smart countriesSmart supply chains Smart citiesSmart retail

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CLOUDthe complicated stuff that propels the Internet

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What is Cloud Computing?A user experience and a business modelCloud computing is an emerging style of IT delivery in which applications, data, and IT resources are rapidly provisioned (on-demand) and delivered as standardized offerings to users over the web in a flexible pricing pay-for-usage model.An infrastructure management and services delivery methodologyCloud computing is a way of managing large numbers of highly virtualized resources such that, from a management perspective, they resemble a single large resource. This can then be used to deliver services with elastic scaling.

Monitor & ManageServices & ResourcesCloudAdministratorDatacenterInfrastructureService Catalog,ComponentLibraryService ConsumersComponent Vendors/Software PublishersPublish & UpdateComponents,Service Templates

IT Cloud

AccessServices

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OPTIMIZED BUSINESS allowing you to optimize new investments for direct business benefits=AGILITY+BUSINESS & IT ALIGNMENT+SERVICE FLEXIBILITYINDUSTRY STANDARDS+Economics of Cloud ComputingCLOUD COMPUTING=

Reduced Cost leverages virtualization, standardization and automation to free up operational budget for new investment=VIRTUALIZATION+ENERGY EFFICIENCY+STANDARDIZATIONAUTOMATION+

10Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers

CollaborationBusiness ProcessesCRM/ERP/HRIndustry ApplicationsMiddlewareDatabaseWeb 2.0 ApplicationRuntimeJavaRuntimeDevelopmentToolingServersNetworkingStorageData Center FabricApplicationPlatformInfrastructure

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ApplicationPlatformInfrastructure

AbstractionFlexibility & Control

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12Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers CollaborationBusiness ProcessesCRM/ERP/HRIndustry Applications

ApplicationPlatformInfrastructure Most visible layer, normally browser-based Service known as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) All applications that run on the cloud and provide a direct service to the user are here Alleviates the burden of software mainte- nance for the end-user Simplifies upgrading and testing of code for the developers Can make use of below layers or other cloud apps to develop other apps Security, Availability and Integration of Legacy Apps

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13Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers CollaborationBusiness ProcessesCRM/ERP/HRIndustry Applications

ApplicationPlatformInfrastructure

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14Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers ApplicationPlatformInfrastructure Layer for application developers Layer abstracts the underlying physical and logi- cal structure from the developer Service is commonly known as PaaS Provides developers with a programming- language-level environment with APIs No OS to patch, No DB to administer Automatic scaling*, integration to other services Billed by CPU cycles, less flexible in terms of choice of languages and DBMiddlewareDatabaseWeb 2.0 ApplicationRuntimeJavaRuntimeDevelopmentTooling

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15Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers ApplicationPlatformInfrastructureMiddlewareDatabaseWeb 2.0 ApplicationRuntimeJavaRuntimeDevelopmentTooling

PROJECT CAROLINE

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16Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers ApplicationPlatformInfrastructure Provides basic resources to higher layers Service is called Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Based on virtualization technology Deployment unit is a Virtual Appliance Provides access to Compute, Storage and Communicate instances, on-demand Pro: Full control of environments and infrastructure Con: Provide little or no abstraction Security, Availability and QualityServersNetworkingStorageData Center Fabric

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17Cloud Computing Delivery Models / Layers ApplicationPlatformInfrastructureServersNetworkingStorageData Center Fabric

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Infrastructure vs. Platform

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Application / Cloud Application / SaaS / HuaaSPlatform / Cloud Platform / PaaS / Cloud Software EnvtInfrastructure / IaaS / Cloud Software InfrastructureFirmware / Hardware / HaaSBusiness Support & AdministrationSoftware Kernel

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20Proposed Ontology by IBM, UCSB

Cloud Application (SaaS)Cloud Software Environment (PaaS)Cloud Software InfrastructureComputationalResources(IaaS)Storage(DaaS)Communications(CaaS)Software KernelFirmware / Hardware (HaaS)

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Proposed Ontology by FZI Karlsruhe, HP Laboratories

Business Support and AdministrationHuman as a ServiceSoftware as a ServicePlatform as ServiceInfrastructure as ServiceHardware

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Proposed Ontology by FZI Karlsruhe, HP Laboratories

Business Support and AdministrationHuman as a ServiceSoftware as a ServicePlatform as ServiceInfrastructure as ServiceHardware

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Application / Cloud Application / SaaS / HuaaSPlatform / Cloud Platform / PaaS / Cloud Software EnvtInfrastructure / IaaS / Cloud Software InfrastructureFirmware / Hardware / HaaSBusiness Support & AdministrationSoftware Kernel

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Cloud Computing Deployment Models / Cloud Types

ORGANIZATIONCULTUREGOVERNANCE

Flexible Delivery ModelsPublicService provider owned and managed.Access by subscriptionDelivers select set of standardized business process, application and/or infrastructure services on a flexible price per use basisDomain specific, intellectual property, reliability, sensitive dataPrivatePrivately owned and managed.Access limited to client and its partner network.Drives efficiency, standardization and best practices while retaining greater customization and control

Cloud Services Cloud Computing ModelCustomization, efficiency, availability, resiliency, security and privacy Standardization, flexibility , capital preservation, and time to deploy HybridAccess to client, partner network, and third party resources

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Flexible Delivery ModelsStandardization, flexibility , capital preservation, and time to deploy

PublicService provider owned and managed.Access by subscriptionDelivers select set of standardized business process, application and/or infrastructure services on a flexible price per use basisDomain specific, intellectual property, reliability, sensitive data

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Flexible Delivery ModelsCustomization, efficiency, availability, resiliency, security and privacy

PrivatePrivately owned and managed.Access limited to client and its partner network.Drives efficiency, standardization and best practices while retaining greater customization and control

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Flexible Delivery Models

HybridAccess to client, partner network, and third party resources

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Flexible Delivery Models PublicService provider owned and managed.Access by subscriptionDelivers select set of standardized business process, application and/or infrastructure services on a flexible price per use basis Domain specific, intellectual property, and sensitive dataPrivatePrivately owned and managed.Access limited to client and its partner network.Drives efficiency, standardization and best practices while retaining greater customization and control

Cloud Services Cloud Computing ModelCustomization, efficiency, availability, resiliency, security and privacy Standardization, flexibility , capital preservation, and time to deploy HybridAccess to client, partner network, and third party resources

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29Cloud Computing Deployment Models / Cloud Types


Flexible Delivery ModelsHybrid Access to client, partner network, and third party resources

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30Challenges and OpportunitiesPRIVACY

THIRD PARTY CONTROLINFANCYENERGY CONSUMPTIONTRADITIONAL SECURITYAVAILABILITY

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Privacy Challenge is to design cloud services in such a way as to decrease privacy risk, and to ensure legal compliance Government compliance and restrictions limit usage of cloud services as currently designed There have been a number of high-profile privacy breaches Concerns arise when it is not clear to individuals why their personal information is requested or how it will be used or passed on to other parties

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Infancy of the Field Most existing cloud-computing offerings are either proprietary or dependent on software that is not amenable to experimentation Lack of research tools fail to answer most fundamental questions in the field EUCALYPTUS, an open-source cloud computing framework that is modular and open to experimental instrumentation has recently been created by UCSB Computer Science Department

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Traditional Security Concerns involve computer and network intrusion or attacks VM-level attacks such as the vulnerabilities that appeared in VMWare, Xen, and Microsoft Virtual PC Platform level attacks such as SQL injections or cross-site scripting Phishing cloud provider Cloud providers argue that their security measures and processes are more mature and tested

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Availability Concerns on critical applications and data being available One-day outage of Gmail in mid-October, 2008 Over 7-hour downtime of Amazon S3 on July 20, 2008 18-hour outage on October 31, 2008 Cloud providers argue that their server uptime compares well with the availability of the cloud Concern that third-party cloud would not scale enough There are more single points of failure and attack Assurance of computational integrity Stanfords Folding@Home project gives the same task to multiple client to reach a consensus on correctness

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Third Party Control Legal implications of data and applications being held by third party are complex and are not yet well understood Lack of potential control and transparency when third-party holds the data Implementation independent is one reason why cloud computing cool but also one of its main reason that why it is not

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Energy Consumption Data centers are known to be expensive to operate and they consume huge amounts of electric power It is important that they be designed to be energy efficient New techniques have to be investigated for allocation of resources

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37Cloud computing is as much as about the business model as it is about the technology.Biggest challenge is the fact that there are no standards yet.Cloud fears largely stem from loss of control of sensitive data.Cloud Computing isnt a quick fix. It needs a LOT of thinking.It requires a strong foundation of best practice in software development, software architecture and service management.Summary

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Images & Text from Slides 3, 4, 8, 24, 28 (Series of Boxes, Cloud)What is Cloud Computing? Powerpoint Presentation. IBM Technologies.Images from Slide 37 (Series of Boxes)The Benefits of Cloud Computing: A new era of responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency in IT service delivery. IBM. Dynamic Infrastructure. July 2009. Sun Report on Cloud Computing Architecture. March, 2009ThinkGrid Business IT on Demand White Paper on Cloud ComputingImages from Slide 3 (Man with Question Mark)Greenpeace International. White Paper on Make IT Green: Cloud Computing and its Contribution to Climate ChangeThe Benefits of Cloud Computing: A new era of responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency in IT service delivery. IBM. Dynamic Infrastructure. July 2009.All company logos from their respected websitesGoogle Docs, Google Maps API, Open Social, OpenID, Office Live, Salesforce.com, Akamai, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, NetSuite, Sun, Zoho, Amazon, Digg.com, University of Iowa, Youtube, AppNexus, Bluelock, Emulab, ENKI, EU Reservoir Project, Flexiscale, GoGrid, Google, HP, Joyent, Nirvanix, OpenFlow, RackSpace, Skytap, Terremark, The Globous Alliance, UCSB, 10gen

38Image Credits

39[1] U. D. o. H. Security, Smart Objects: IBM Global Technology Outlook 2005, US Department of Homeland Security, 2005.[2] R. Clarke. "Computing Clouds on the Horizon? Benefits and Risks from the User's Perspective," May 1, 2010; http://www.rogerclarke.com/II/CCBR.html.[3] T. Nolle. "Understanding cloud computing architecture models," http://searchvirtualdesktop.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid194_gci1349265_mem1,00.html.[4] G. International, Make IT Green: Cloud Computing and its Contribution to Climate Change, Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, 2010.[5] H. Mcleod. "The Cloud's Best-Kept Secret," http://gapingvoid.com/2008/08/01/the-clouds-best-kept-secret/.[6] M. Crandell. "Defogging Cloud Computing: A Taxonomy," April 20, 2010; http://gigaom.com/2008/06/16/defogging-cloud-computing-a-taxonomy/.[7] G. Fowler, and B. Worthen. "The Internet Industry is on a Cloud -- Whatever That May Mean," http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123802623665542725.html#printMode.[8] S. Bobrowski. "Cloud Computing Defined," http://thecloudview.com/cloud-computing-defined/.[9] R. Buyya, C. S. Yeo, S. Venugopal et al., Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility, Future Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 599-616, 2009.[10] M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith et al., A view of cloud computing, Commun. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 50-58.

References

40[11] J. Geelan, Twenty-One Experts Define Cloud Computing, 2009.[12] J. Strickland. "How Cloud Computing Works " May 1, 2010; http://communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing1.htm.[13] Appistry.com, Cloud Taxonom: Applications, Platform, Infrastructure, December 18, 2008, 2008.[14] E. c. Tutorials. "Cloud Computing Architecture," http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-architecture.html.[15] A. Greggo, "Cloud computing in the Enterprise: An Overview," 2009.[16] R. Raja, and V. Verma, "Cloud Computing - An Overview," 2009.[17] M. Mould. "Public vs. private clouds," http://searchvirtualdatacentre.techtarget.co.uk/tip/0,289483,sid203_gci1511608,00.html.[18] S. Charrington, "The Cloud "Pyramid": Applications, Platform, Infrastructure," 2008.[19] A. Lenk, M. Klems, J. Nimis et al., What's inside the Cloud? An architectural map of the Cloud landscape, in Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges of Cloud Computing, 2009.[20] J. W. Rittinghouse, and J. F. Ransome, Cloud computing : implementation, management, and security, Boca Raton: CRC Press.[21] J. D. Hurwitz, Cloud computing for dummies, 1st ed., Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub., Inc., 2009.[22] A. T. Velte, T. J. Velte, and R. C. Elsenpeter, Cloud computing : a practical approach, New York: McGraw-Hill.References

41[23] T. O'Reilly. "Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing," May 5, 2010; http://radar.oreilly.com/2008/10/web-20-and-cloud-computing.html.[24] S. O'Grady. "Cloud Types: Fabric vs Instance," http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2008/11/14/cloud-types/.[25] M. Pokharel, and J. S. Park, Cloud computing: future solution for e-governance, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Bogota, Colombia, 2009.[26] M. Miller, Cloud computing : Web-based applications that change the way you work and collaborate online, Indianapolis, Ind.: Que, 2008.References

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