cloud computing: introduction & overview

IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence

Session ICloud Computing: Introduction & Overview

Aditya ThatteIBM Research

1

IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence 2

Objectives

• Evolution of Computing (How we got here?)• What is Cloud Computing?• Why Cloud Computing?• Virtualization• Cloud Computing Postulates & Building Blocks• Cloud Delivery Models• Public Cloud Demo


Evolution of Computing

Time

Mainframes

ENTERPRISE 1.0 ENTERPRISE 2.0

Centralized model

Shared model

ENTERPRISE 3.0

Self service, mobile, event driven model

“Necessity breeds Innovation”


The need of the hour

• Drop in hardware costs• Data Explosion• Business Agility• Mobility

Time Time

Cost Agility


Business Drivers for Cloud Computing• “For every $ spent on hardware, 8 $ are spent on maintenance and 0.5 $

spent on its cooling” – [IDC, 2007]• Purchasing hardware and maintenance. A typical server runs at 425W. • Traditional methods created Server sprawl resulting in inefficient

management and associated costs (power, labor)• Business agility is growing and time to live of data is becoming smaller• Ability to scale with ease


History of Virtualization

• Pioneered by IBM to ‘partition’ mainframes for better h/w utilization in 60s

• Enabled multitasking in the real sense • Virtualization resurfaced in ‘90s after VMware enabled x86 servers for

virtualization• An Industry research statistic quotes that servers run at only ~10-15% utilization

Low % Util Low costs Server Sprawl CAPex, OPex


Virtualization• Interoperability

• Abstraction / decoupling of physical hardware resources (Virtual Machine Kernel)


• Mapping ‘virtual’ resources to ‘physical’ resources (Hypervisor)

• Dynamic Data Center


Server Consolidation

Server Sprawl (heterogeneous)

[Costs]

Efficient IT Datacenter ManagementAvailability and Scalability of resourcesIT Resource Optimization (CAPEX, OPEX)


Virtualization - Terms

Hosted Virtualization

Hypervised Virtualization

Full Virtualization

Para Virtualization Hypervisor

Network Virtualization

Storage Virtualization

Server Virtualization P2V / V2V

Desktop Virtualization


Virtualization - PoVs1. Create request

2. Submit request


Virtualization – End User PoV

Development Scalability

Perf Testing

Rapid Deployment

Control $


Virtualization – Admin Perspective

Capacity

PerformanceSecurity

Optimization Support


Defining Cloud Computing• “A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities

are delivered as a service using Internet technologies” – Gartner• “Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and

software) that are delivered as a service over a network” – Wikipedia• “A pay per use model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction” – NIST

• “Clouds are hardware based services offering compute, network and storage capacity where: Hardware management is highly abstracted from the buyer, buyers incur infrastructure costs as variable OPEX and infrastructure capacity is highly elastic - McKinsey


Cloud Computing Postulates

• Pay-per-use / Pay-as-you-go (utility based, no contracts)• Self service model• Elasticity (scale up, scale out)• Multi-tenancy• Resource / infrastructure abstraction (on-premise / remote)• Rapid deployment, easy management• Automation & re-usability• No CAPEX, variable OPEX


Cloud Management Layer

WEB 2.0 USER INTERFACEREST API

Service Request Manager

Service AutomationTemplates

Provisioning Engine

ProvisioningWorkflowsServerNetworkStorageApplication


Cloud Computing Building Blocks

Virtualization Network Storage Web Services

Hypervisor Virtual Switch

DAS RESTSOAP-XMLVirtual Machines

MemoryCPU

Virtual NICs

VLAN VPN

NAS

ISCSi

SAN

FiberNFS

Virtualization + Service Automation + Standardization + Self Service


Commonly Used Cloud Computing Terms

• VM Provisioning • Elasticity• Pay-as-you-go (PAYG)• Hypervisor• Hypercall• Nested Virtualization• Image Management• Public Cloud• Private Cloud• Hybrid Cloud• Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)• Cloud Broker• EC2• SalesForce


Cloud Delivery Models

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS


Delivery models

IaaS PaaS SaaS

Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service


Public-Private-Hybrid

IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence

Players

22

Public Private Hybrid


The Cloud Ecosystem


IBM Cloud Delivery Models

24 IBM Confidential

EnterpriseEnterpriseData Center

Private Cloud

EnterpriseData Center

IBM Operated

Managed Private Cloud

Hosting Center

Hosted Private Cloud

Enterprise A

Shared Private Cloud

Cloud

Enterprise owned and operated

Enterprise owned IBM operated

Customer/IBM owned and IBM operated (single

tenant)

IBM owned and operated

(multi-tenant)

Enterprise BEnterprise

C

1 2 3 4

Public Cloud

Cloud

IBM owned and operated

(multi-tenant)5

User A

User B

User C

User D

User …

Private Cloud Shared Private Cloud Public Cloud

Cloud Services delivered publicly toend users / secure, enterprise-class

Cloud Servicesdelivered privately toEnterprises / virtualseparation of tenants

Customer owns and pays for infrastructureand has unlimited exclusive access

IBM owns infrastructure and customer has shared access and pays by usage

Private Managed Private Hosted

IBM Smart Business Services - Standardized Services on the IBM CloudIBM Smart Business Services – Private Cloud

Services, behind your firewall


Smart Cloud Enterprise

• IBM’s Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)• Enterprise grade public cloud• 6 Data centers worldwide• Pre-configured Software Images (Bundles)• PAYG / BYOL • KVM based Virtual Machines• NAS based persistent storage• SCE provides managed services at the hardware and below the hypervisor• API support


Private Cloud Solutions – IBM’s Mandate


WEB 2.0 USER INTERFACEREST API

Service Request Manager

Service AutomationTemplates

Provisioning Engine

ProvisioningWorkflowsServerNetworkStorageApplication

KVM

HyperV

Xen

ESX


Thank You

cloud computing: introduction & overview

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