Cloud  Compu)ng  and  IoT:  Challenges  and  Opportuni)es  

Prof.  Eui-­‐Nam  Huh,  PhD  Kyung  Hee  University,  Korea  Chair  of  Sensor  Network  WG

Cloud  Compu)ng  

•  Cloud:   Dynamically   provisioned   virtual  compu)ng  resources.    

•  A   ‘cloud’   is   an   elas)c   execu)on   environment  of  resources  involving:  –   Mul)ple  stakeholders  

•  Providers  •  Resellers  •  Users  

– Provides   a   metered   service   at   mul)ple  granulari)es  for  a  specified  level  of  QoE  and  QoS.  

IoT  

•  Internet  of  Things   is  used  to  conjure  visions  of  a  world   of   connected   objects   and   items,   i.e.  connec)vity  for  anything.      

•  A  combina)on  of  all  different  development  effort  may   create   an   IoT   that   connects   the   world’s  objects  in  an  intelligent  manner.    –  To   connect   everyday   objects   and   devices   to   the  Internet:  RFID  

–  Embedded  intelligence  in  Sensor  technology  – miniaturiza)on  and  nanotechnology  

Cloud  and  IoT  

•  Its  a  debatable  issue  whether IoT  is  related  to  cloud  systems  at  all  :  IoT  will  certainly  have  to  deal  with  issues  related  to  elas)city,  reliability  and  data  management  etc.  

•  Specialized   clouds   may   integrate   dedicated  sensors  to  provide  enhanced  capabili)es.  

•  Clouds   may   offer   vital   support   to   the   IoT   to  deal  with  a  flexible  amount  of  data  origina)ng  from  the  diversity  of  sensors  and  “things”.  

Cloud  and  IoT  Rela)onship  

•  IoT  may  profit  from  cloud  systems,  but  in  fact  there   is   no   direct   rela)onship   between   the  two  areas.    

•  There  are  however  contact  points  that  should  not  be  disregarded.    

•  Data   management   and   interfaces   between  sensors   and   cloud   systems   therefore   show  commonali)es.  

IoT  vs.  Cloud  IoT   Cloud  

Real  Word   Virtual  World  

Small  things     Big  things  

Constrained  device   Unlimited  capabili)es  

Unreliability     Availability  

Exponen)al  growth     Infrastructure  scalability  

User  Centric   Network  Centric  

Deals  with  small  data   Deals  with  big  data  

CISCO  infographic  shows  of  Internet  of    Things    

BEECHAM  Research  

IoT  Future  Direc)ons  

•  We   are   in   the   early   stages   of   the   IoT,   the  much   an)cipated   era   when   all   manner   of  devices   can   talk   to   each   other   and   to  intermediary  services.  

•  For   this   era   to   achieve   its   full   poten)al,  operators   must   fundamentally   change   the  way  they  build  and  run  clouds.    – Why?    

•  Machine-­‐to-­‐machine   (M2M)   interac)ons   are   far   less  failure  tolerant  than  machine-­‐to-­‐human  interac)ons.    

IoT  Future  Direc)ons  •  In  near   future,  everything   from  banks  of  elevators   to   cell   phones   to   city  

buses   will   either   be   subject   to   IP-­‐connected   control   systems   or   use   IP  networks  to  report  back  cri)cal  informa)on.    

•  IP  addressability  will  become  nearly  ubiquitous.    •  Dedicated  hardware  results  in  expensive  infrastructure  requirements.    •  Thus,  Cloud  becomes   the  only   viable  op)on   to  affordably   connect,   track  

and  manage  the  new  era  of  IoT.  •  In   this   new   role,   Cloud   will   have   to   step   up   its   game   to   accommodate  

more  exac)ng  demands.    •  The  current  storage  infrastructure  and  file  systems  that  backup  and  form  

the  backbone  of  the  cloud  are  outdated  for  IoT.    

IoT  Future  Direc)ons  •  The   current   API   key   infrastructure   of   the   cloud   cannot  

easily   handle   the   cri)cal   and   highly-­‐secure   informa)on  flows.    

•  Architecture  of  public  keys  relies  on  3rd  party  authoriza)on  that  make   it  very  easy   for  hackers   to  carry  out  a  “man-­‐in-­‐the-­‐middle”  aback.    

•  These   APIs   not   only   need   beber   hooks   for   user-­‐specified  authen)ca)on  schemes  but  also  require  to  be  flexible  and  fast  in  order  to  support  the  higher  volume  of  transac)ons.  

•  To  mi)gate  growing  latency  risks  for  mobile  connec)vity  of  IP   enabled   devices   in   the   IoT,   present   cloud   system   faces  some  new  challenges.        

Challenges  for  Architecture  

•  Cloud   Compu)ng   need   to   focus   the  exponen)al  growth  of  the  growing  demand  of  for   real   )me,   reliable   data   processing   of   the  IoT.  

•  In   this   regard,   a   crucial   ques)on   that   comes  first:  – How   to  design   the   architectural   view  of   IoT  over  cloud.    

Architecture  •  To  provide  a  well  define  architecture  of  IoT  over  Cloud,  we  

need  to  emphasize  on  the  following  technical  points.  –  Instrumenta)on  

•  Instrumenta)on   through   edge   technology:   sensors,   actuators,  iden)fica)ons  etc.  

–  Interconnec)on  •  Interconnec)on  through  middleware    

–  Communica)on  •  Through  networking  technology  :  wired  and  wireless  

–  Intelligence  •  Through  applica)on  service  :  Cogni)ve  Science  

–  Processing  •  Through  cloud  infrastructure    :  IaaS,  PaaS,  SaaS  

 

Simple  Architecture  

IoT  Requirements    

•  Dynamic  resource  demand  •  Real-­‐)me  needs  •  Exponen)al  growth  of  demand  •  Availability  of  applica)on  •  Data  protec)on  and  user  privacy  •  Efficient  power  consump)ons  of  applica)ons  •  Execu)on  of  the  applica)ons  near  to  end  users.  •  Access   to   an   open   and   interoperable   cloud  system  

Challenges  in  Cloud  to  enable  IoT  

•  Support  for  applica)on  elas)city  •  QoS  and  QoE  assurance  •  Cloud  Infrastructure  scalability  •  Cloud  reliability  •  Privacy  and  security  •  Efficient  energy  management  •  Inter-­‐operability  and  portability  

Open  Challenges  

•  Par)cipatory  Sensing  •  Data  Analy)cs  •  GIS-­‐based  visualiza)on  and  Cloud  compu)ng  •  Plug  and  play  smart  objects  •  Standardiza)on  of  protocols  and  frequency  band.  

•  Standard  WSN  challenges  – Architecture,  energy  efficiency,  security,  protocols,  QoS  etc.  

Opportuni)es  

•  There   are   several   applica)on   domains   which  will   be   impacted   by   the   emerging   IoT   and  Cloud  Compu)ng.  

•  Applica)ons  can  be  categorized  into  four  domains:    – Personal  Home    – Enterprise  – U)li)es    – Mobile  

Opportuni)es  

Source  :  J.  Gubbi,  R.  Buyya,  S.  Marusic,  M.  Palaniswamia  “Internet  of  Things  (IoT):  A  Vision,  Architectural  Elements,  and  Future  Direc)ons”,  2012  

Opportuni)es  

Source  :  J.  Gubbi,  R.  Buyya,  S.  Marusic,  M.  Palaniswamia  “Internet  of  Things  (IoT)  :    A  Vision,  Architectural  Elements,  and  Future  Direc)ons”,  2012  

Research  Issues  

•  IoT   badly   need   some   common   protocol  architecture  to  communicate  all  around.    

•  In   this   regard,   Our   SPMIPv6   can   be   a   viable  solu)on.  Since  it  covers  a  broad  domain  of  IP-­‐WSN  and  the  Internet.  

•  So,   we   can   extend   SPMIPv6   architecture   to  support  IoT  and  Cloud  domain.  

•  Scenario  for  healthcare  can  be  adopted.    

SPMIPv6  

•  SPMIPv6  stands  for  Sensor  Proxy  Mobile  IPv6.  •  It  is  a  WSN  compa)ble  version  of  PMIPv6.  •  Huge  numbers  of  IP-­‐WSN,  also  termed  as  IoT,  can  directly  communicate  with  the  Internet  or  cloud  compu)ng  infrastructures.  

•  It  provides  energy  efficient  sensing  of  the  real  world  in  terms  of  architecture  and  mobility.              

SPMIPv6  Architecture  

Research  Issues  

•  We  can  think  of  making  a  cloud  of  smart  sensors  itself.   Since   smart   sensors   support   virtualiza)on  technology.  

•  In   this   case,   cloud   of   smart   sensor   may  collaborate  with  public  and  private  cloud.  

•  In   this   case   we   can   use   our   proposed   business  model  for  virtualiza)on  of  sensor  network.  

•  In   the   exis)ng   literature,   there   are   some  works  for   sensor   and   cloud   integra)on   but   no   specific  approach  for  cloud  of  smart  sensors  itself.            

Research  Issues  

•  In   case   heterogeneous   smart   devices,   a  middleware  based   solu)on  can  be  developed  to  communicate.  

•  There   are   already   some   well   defined  approaches   in   the   IoT   and   Cloud   integra)on  issue  that  can  enhanced  further.  For  example,  communica)on  standard  and  guidelines.            

Research  Issues  

•  Exis)ng  WSN  challenges  also  need  to  be    emphasized.  – Energy  efficient  sensing  – Par)cipatory  sensing  – Data  mining  – New  protocols  – QoS  and  QoE  

Conclusions  

•  IoT,   Cloud   Compu)ng   and   Network   of   Smart  Object  are  the  aspects  of  Future  Internet.  

•  We  are  at  the  beginning  of  a  noble  journey  of  Ubiquitous  Compu)ng.  

•  In   this   journey   many   challenges   and  opportuni)es  s)ll  needs  to  face.        

Ques)ons/  Answers