"cluster-level strategy: example of software cluster in turkey"
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Mainly in 4 technoparks in Ankara:
METU Technopolis (MUTP)
Hacettepe Technopark (HTP) Focus sectors: ICT, Health Care & Medicine
Ankara Cyberpark (ACP): ICT (software development), Electronics
Gazi Technopark (Gazi University): ICT (software development)
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The market size of ICT in Turkey is around 14.5 billion dollars and 4.4 billion dollars of this amount belongs to IT.
The number of internet users is 10 million while the number of broadband subscribers is 1.6 million
Difficulties
Restricted expansion to international markets Cost-oriented domestic competition
Strategic Coherence Framework, State Planning Organisation, 2007
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Enterprise solutions (products + services): adapting, integrating
Professional software services (planning, building, integrating, and maintaining customised software systems)
Internet-based applications rented by Application Service Providers (ASP). So-called “On-demand software” or “Software as a service” (SaaS)
Embedded software including services
Packaged software for mass market
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Out of 501 enterprises in Ankara technoparks, 326 are software developers
Software65%
Other35%
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80% are educated to the university degree or higher level
80%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Higher education Other
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Rapidly growing and increasingly important industry
Software Cluster in Ankara exists but is “latent” High level of understanding of benefits, readiness
to participate in cluster initiatives Low entry barriers Good access to highly skilled labour Excellent knowledge infrastructure Extensive Government support for R&D Has potential to diversify into non-defence appl.
applications and expand in international markets
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Poor communication and information flows Lack of co-ordination and planning of joint
activities Limited access to international markets Insufficient intensity of innovation and new
product development, collaboration between Uni’s and businesses
Insufficiently developed entrepreneurship (culture and skills), relatively low start-up rate
Unexploited potential for linkages with other sectors (machinery, automotive, health, etc)
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Market Imperfect information ‘Free-rider’ problems, externalities and lack of co-operation between
enterprises Lack of financial resources and funding for commercialisation of R&D
results Policy
Existing rent and R&D subsidies for firms located in technoparks Exporters’ Unions currently exclude software development Start-up support is not focused on skills and competencies
Systemic Mismatch between company needs and Uni’s R&D High demand for technology transfer and innov. mgt services is not met
by technoparks Law on Higher Education prohibits entrepr. activities for professors
(changes are being made) Gov-t support to Uni’s is based on academic studies and citations in
scholarly literature, not on needs of industry Companies see science-industry cooperation as one-way assistance
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SHARED VISION (preferred future) “Ankara software cluster will become
an internationally linked and recognised centre of expertise for innovative software by 2020”
CLUSTER STRATEGY “To increase the proportion of
innovative cluster companies operating in higher added value markets”
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Cluster Actions
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Establish the Coordination & Management Agency
Maintain operations of CMA
Establish the Software Innovation Network
Maintain the Software Innovation Network
Establish the Centre for Embedded Software
Maintain the Centre for Embedded Software
Develop internationalisation and promotion strategy
Cluster Internationalisation and Promotion
Establish the Centre for Entrepreneurship
Maintain the Centre for Entrepreneurship
Establish the Online Portal for the Cluster
Maintain the Online Portal for the Cluster 21
