co curriculum

7/30/2019 co curriculum

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DEFINITIONS :

A process that influences other people toachieve an objective and guides organization ina way to make it more coherent and cohesive

process of leading people in right direction inorder to achieve goals

process that have positive impact andmotivates people

ability to inspire other people with a dream


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People are born with inherited traits.Some traits are particularly suited to leadership.People who make good leaders have the right (or sufficient)combination of traits.

Description

Early research on leadership was based on thepsychological focus of the day, which was of people havinginherited characteristics or traits. Attention was thus puton discovering these traits, often by studying successfulleaders, but with the underlying assumption that if otherpeople could also be found with these traits, then they, too,could also become great leaders.


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Leaders can be made, rather than are born.Successful leadership is based in definable, learnablebehaviour.

DescriptionBehavioural theories of leadership do not seek inborntraits or capabilities. Rather, they look at what leadersactually do .If success can be defined in terms of describable

actions, then it should be relatively easy for otherpeople to act in the same way. This is easier to teachand learn then to adopt the 'traits' or 'capabilities'.Leadership capability can be learned, rather than beinginherent


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Ability to lead is contingent upon various situational factors,including the leader's preferred style, the capabilities andbehaviours of followers and also various other situationalfactors.

Description

There is no one best way of leading and that a leadership stylethat is effective in some situations may not be successful inothers.An effect of this is that leaders who are very effective at oneplace and time may become unsuccessful either whentransplanted to another situation or when the factors aroundthem change.This helps to explain how some leaders who seem for a while tohave the 'Midas touch' suddenly appear to go off the boil andmake very unsuccessful decisions.


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This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want

done and how they want it accomplished, without getting theadvice of their followers.

Some of the appropriate conditions to use it is when you have allthe information to solve the problem, you are short on time, andyour employees are well motivated.

Some people tend to think of this style as a vehicle for yelling, usingdemeaning language, and leading by threats and abusing theirpower. This is not the authoritarian style, rather it is an abusive,unprofessional style called bossing people around .

The authoritarian style should normally only be used on rareoccasions. If you have the time and want to gain more commitmentand motivation from your employees, then you should use theparticipative style.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdld/2784033185/


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This style involves the leader including one or moreemployees in the decision making process (determiningwhat to do and how to do it). Leader maintains the finaldecision making authority.

Using this style is not a sign of weakness, rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect. This is normallyused when you have part of the information, and youremployees have other parts.

Note that a leader is not expected to know everything -- this

is why you employ knowledgeable and skillful employees.

Using this style is of mutual benefit -- it allows them tobecome part of the team and allows you to make betterdecisions.

Let's work

together to solvethis. . .
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdld/2784033185/


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You two take care of the problem while Igo. . .

In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the

decisions. This is used when employees are able toanalyze the situation and determine what needs to bedone and how to do it.

This is not a style to use so that you can blame others

when things go wrong, rather this is a style to be usedwhen you fully trust and confidence in the people belowyou.

Do not be afraid to use it, however, use it wisely!

NOTE: This is also known as lais sez faire (or lais ser faire),which is the noninterference in the affairs of others. [French: laissez, second person pl. imperative of laisser, to let, allow+ faire, to do.]


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motivation is the urge to push toward aspecific goal

Robert N. Singer (1972)

motivation can be defined as any conditionthat might energize and direct our actions

Crook and Stein : (1988)

direction and intensity of ones effort


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1. Intrinsic to perform an activity for its own sake

Sake of enjoyment

Feeling of achievement

Belonging to a team

For the physiological benefits of physical activity

2. Extrinsic- performance for a material reward

Getting paid to perform in sports is the only factor

External factor (money, cash reward, etc)

Financial gains, trophies and medals


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The theory is that if you reward or reinforce behaviours they are morelikely to occur again, while punishment is more likely to reduce thechances of that behaviour occurring in future. Both rewards andpunishments can be used as motivators.

Stimulus added Stimulus removed

Behaviourincreases

Positive reinforcementGiving praise to a football striker for aquick turn and shot at goal makesthis behaviour more likely to occuragain.

Negative reinforcementA coach who continually shoutscriticism at his players becomes quietand thus conveys his satisfaction.More likely to occur again.

Behaviourdecreases

Positive punishmentA coach who generally praises herplayers, criticises some sloppymarking. Players become aware thatthe coach is unhappy and will strive

to avoid a repeat.

Negative punishmentA coach who usually gives lots of praise and encouragementwithdraws this type of feedback.Players perceive that the coach is nothappy and this acts as a type of punishment.


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WHY ? Increased stress of competition

Increased anxiety during competition

TECHNIQUES CONTROL & OPTIMISE PERFORMANCE

RELAX & FOCUS

GAINING WINNING EDGE

CONCENTRATION -ability to maintain focus

CONFIDENCE- believe in one's abilitiesCONTROL- ability to maintain emotional

control regardless of distractionCOMMITMENT- ability to continue working

to agreed goals


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RELAXATION

GettingLoose

Breathing

CENTERING

Focus

Self Hypnosis

MENTALIMAGERY

MotivationalSpecific (MS)

CognitiveSpecific(CS)


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