coastal effects of tsunamis

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Coastal Effects of Tsunamis PI: Harry Yeh Proj. No. R/CNH20

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OSU wave scientist Harry Yeh's presentation on his 2010-2012 research project for Oregon Sea Grant

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Page 1: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Coastal  Effects  of  Tsunamis  

PI:  Harry  Yeh  Proj.  No.  R/CNH-­‐20  

Page 2: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

ObjecDves  

To  gain  a  beGer  understanding  of  tsunami  characterisDcs  and  behavior.    

•  It  will  lead  to  the  improvement  of  tsunami  inundaDon  models.    

•  The  improved  inundaDon  models  will  then  yield  more  accurate  evacuaDon  maps.  

•  The  evacuaDon  maps  are  essenDal  for  beGer  preparaDon  and  planning,  thereby  reducing  damage  and  loss  of  lives  from  tsunami  disasters.    

Page 3: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

80%  Prob  

95%  Prob  

Current  Tsunami  InundaDon  Maps  

Page 4: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Inaho  Coast,  the  1993  Okushiri)  

Page 5: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Laboratory  Model  of  Monai)  

PredicDon  &  Measurement  

Page 6: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Three  Primary  Research  AcDviDes    

1. Explore  the  basic  understanding  of  long-­‐wave  (tsunami)  characterisDcs  and  behaviors  in  the  laboratory-­‐scale  environment.    

2. Promote  advances  in  mathemaDcal  theories  relevant  to  tsunami  phenomena.    

3. Help  improve  tsunami-­‐inundaDon  numerical  models  used  in  real-­‐world  applicaDons.  

Page 7: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

My  Ongoing  Research  R/CNH-­‐17:  Localized  Extreme  Tsunami  Runup  

Wenwen  Li  –  Graduate  student  

Mach  ReflecDon  

Page 8: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  

The  1946  AlueDan  Tsunami  in  Hilo,  HI.    

An  edge  wave  propagaDng  a  canal    

Page 9: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  

Page 10: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Wave  Tank  in  Graf  Hall,  OSU  

Wave  paddles  driven  by  16  linear  motors  

Wave  padd

les  

3.6  m  

0.3  m  

7.3  m  

7.3  m  

Page 11: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  

Page 12: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Laser  Induced  Fluorescent  Technique  

Page 13: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Repeatability  

Maximum  error  is  less  than  0.06  mm  

Page 14: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall  

h0  =  6.0  cm;     = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  

Temporal  profiles  

ψ i

Page 15: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall  

Meniscus  effect    

h0  =  6.0  cm;     = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  

Temporal  profiles  

ψ i

Page 16: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Temporal  VariaDon  of  Measured  Water-­‐Surface  

Capillary-­‐Gravity  Waves  

(t  –  y  plane;  the  wall  at  y  =  0)  

αw = 2.26

α r = 0.61

h0 = 6.0 cm; ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182; x = 71.1

Page 17: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Stem  Wave  AmplificaDon  

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Series1

Series2

Loc7_30deg

Loc7_20deg

Loc6_40deg

k  

αw

theory  

Page 18: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Breaking  Stem  Wave  

h0  =  6.0  cm;     = 30˚; ai = 0.37  

at x = 60.96

at x = 71.7

ψ i

Page 19: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Research  Tasks  

1.  ReflecDve  characterisDcs  of  tsunamis  from  the  land,  and  the  effects  of  local  variaDons  in  bathymetry  on  tsunami  amplificaDon  

2.  Effects  of  local  currents  (e.g.  Columbia  River)  on  tsunami  transformaDon.    

3.  RealizaDon  of  the  predicDons  from  mathemaDcal  theories.  

4.  Organize  a  2-­‐day  workshop  at  Oregon  State  University  for  model  validaDon  specifically  aimed  at  the  inundaDon  models  used  in  NTHMP  (NaDonal  Tsunami  Hazard  MiDgaDon  Program).  

Page 20: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Collaborators  and/or  Contributors  

•  NTHMP  tsunami  inundaDon  model:  Dr.  Yinglong  (Joseph)  Zhang  of  the  Center  for  Coastal  and  Land-­‐Margin  Research:  link  to  NTHMP.  

•  Boussinesq  model:  Dr.  Patrick  LyneG  of  Texas  A&M  University:    link  to  “COULWAVE”  a  high-­‐end  numerical  code  used  in  pracDce.  

•  MathemaDcal  analysis:  Dr.  Yuji  Kodama  of  Ohio  State  University.  

•  ParDcipants  of  the  proposed  workshop  in  Year  2.      

Page 21: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama  

Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  

Page 22: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama  

Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  

Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon  

Page 23: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

This  can  be  used  for  outreach  and  educaDon  

Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons  

Page 24: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons  

5 7 6

4 3 2 1

Page 25: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Outreach  &  EducaDon  

•  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated  through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,  sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),  exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and  via  Sea  Grant  Extension.    

•  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for  its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.  

Page 26: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

Outreach  &  EducaDon  

•  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated  through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,  sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),  exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and  via  Sea  Grant  Extension.    

•  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for  its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.  

hGp://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~liw/Website_Yeh/