Code SwitchingBy Jade McGinty & Rayan Awad

What is Code Switching?

The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation.

The juxtaposition within the same speech exchange of passages of speech belonging to two different grammatical systems or sub-systems. (Li Wei, 2002, 2004; Gumperz, 1982)

example ;)

Why do Bilinguals Code Switch?

DifferentTypes of Code Switching.

rayan_awad_1@hotmail.com

What is Code-Mixing?

• Mixing refers to the co-occurrence of elements from two or more languages in a single utterance. Mixing includes single-word utterances from two languages during the same stretch of conversation between a child and caregiver (Genesee, 1989).

Different Types of Code Switching

Intra-sentential Code-switching - within a language vs. inter-sentential code switching - outside specific language spoken

Code-mixing vs. code-switching

Borrowing vs. code-switching

syntactic vs semantic switching

Cultural differences

Code-Switching (CS) is often divided into single-word CS, Multi- word CS and Turn-switching

FUNCTIONS OF CODE SWITCHING

Language choice and code-switching are regarded as symbolic of the social relationships between individuals.

Situational code-switching – the change of language which corresponds to changes in the situation, particularly participants, setting and activity type.

Metaphorical code-switching – speakers switch from one language to another in order to achieve special communicative effects, while the participant and setting remain the same.

“identity is a discursive construct that emerges in

linguistic interaction”

Example Video of

Code Switching

1b. Structural patterns/Typology of code-switching

• Insertion – items from one language are inserted into an overall structure of the other language, normally lexically motivated.

• Congruent lexicalization – grammatical structure is built up by two languages and is filled lexically with elements from either language.

• Alternation – switch from one language to the other, involving both grammar and lexicon, but is normally syntactically (and functional) motivated.

First Report - included in report

Poor language proficiency leads to code switching.

Ask the class what they think

relate to statistics

Second Report - used in report

1.The grammatical approach

2.The sociolinguistic approach

3.The conversational/pragmatic approach

“Code-switching is a verbal skill requiring a large degree of linguistic competence in more than one language, rather than a defect arising from insufficient knowledge of one or the other ... [R]ather than representing deviant behavior, [it] is actually a suggestive indicator of degree of bilingual competence.”

(cf. Grosjean, 2010, p57)

References