Cogeneration Cogeneration FacilityFacility

The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Cogeneration SystemsCogeneration Systems

Energy Services DepartmentEnergy Services Department

Phil Barner- Cogeneration Systems ManagerPhil Barner- Cogeneration Systems Manager

Ray DuBose – Director, Energy ServicesRay DuBose – Director, Energy Services

                                                                                                   

Joshua Walker Gore (1852-1908) and Gore Building at Cogeneration Facility

This building bears the name of Joshua W. Gore, a science and engineering professor at Carolina.

1978

2005

District Energy SystemDistrict Energy System

Campus Steam DistributionCampus Steam Distribution

Cogeneration or CHPCogeneration or CHP

( Combined Heat and Power )( Combined Heat and Power )

Simultaneous production of Simultaneous production of electricity and steamelectricity and steam

High thermal efficiencyHigh thermal efficiency Low environmental impactLow environmental impact

U.S. Average Generating EfficienciesU.S. Average Generating Efficiencies100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

UNC Cogen •

UNC-CH CogenerationUNC-CH Cogeneration

Turbine Generator

Boilers

Steam

HeatingCoolingHot WaterSterilizationCooking/Dishwashing

Electricity

Coal Water

Air

150 psi 40 psi

Condenser

Generator Dispatch Generator Dispatch

Price

Total UNC Load

UNC Generated kW

Duke Purchased kW

Circulating Fluidized Circulating Fluidized Bed CombustionBed Combustion

Clean coal technologyClean coal technology

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) --

furnace temperaturefurnace temperature

Sulfur dioxide (SOSulfur dioxide (SO22) --) --

sorbentsorbent

NSPS 40CFR60, Subpart DbNSPS 40CFR60, Subpart Db

SOSO22

90% reduction90% reduction 1.2 lbs/MMBtu1.2 lbs/MMBtu

NOxNOx 0.6 lbs/MMBtu0.6 lbs/MMBtu

OpacityOpacity 20%20%

ParticulateParticulate 0.5 lbs/MMBtu0.5 lbs/MMBtu

SOSO22

92% reduction92% reduction 0.2 lbs/MMBtu0.2 lbs/MMBtu

NOxNOx 0.4 lbs/MMBtu0.4 lbs/MMBtu

OpacityOpacity 3%3%

ParticulateParticulate 0.01 lbs/MMBtu0.01 lbs/MMBtu

Permit LimitsPermit Limits Typical OperationTypical Operation

New Boiler MACT PermitNew Boiler MACT Permit

Permit LimitsPermit Limits Typical OperationTypical Operation

MercuryMercury 0.000 003 0.000 003

lbs/MMBtulbs/MMBtu HClHCl

435 lb/hr435 lb/hr

MercuryMercury 0.000 000 75 0.000 000 75

lbs/MMBtulbs/MMBtu HClHCl

4.4 lbs/hr4.4 lbs/hr

UNC Cogen CFB System

Prologue to the Future:Prologue to the Future:UNC Climate Action Plan and CogenUNC Climate Action Plan and Cogen

Climate Action Plan Published Climate Action Plan Published September 2009September 2009

Two Cogen Projects over next 5 Two Cogen Projects over next 5 years:years: Landfill Gas to EnergyLandfill Gas to Energy Biomass Co-firing at CogenBiomass Co-firing at Cogen

Cogen and UNC’s Climate Action PlanCogen and UNC’s Climate Action Plan

Near Term ImpactNear Term Impact

PROPOSED LANDFILL GAS PIPE ROUTINGPROPOSED LANDFILL GAS PIPE ROUTING

PROJECT BENEFITSPROJECT BENEFITS Reduction in greenhouse Reduction in greenhouse

gas emissions gas emissions Methane destructionMethane destruction

The emissions reduction The emissions reduction attributable to this project attributable to this project are equivalent to: are equivalent to:

Removing the emissions of Removing the emissions of 7,860 automobiles 7,860 automobiles

oror Planting 9,750 acres of forestPlanting 9,750 acres of forest

PROJECT BENEFITSPROJECT BENEFITS Cost savings from avoided Cost savings from avoided

purchased powerpurchased power

Makes beneficial use of Makes beneficial use of otherwise wasted gasotherwise wasted gas

LFG project alone would LFG project alone would make Carolina North make Carolina North carbon neutral for 12 to 15 carbon neutral for 12 to 15 years.years.

Biomass Cofiring in Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: IssuesCFBs: Issues Fuel Supply Chain and CostFuel Supply Chain and Cost Front End Fuel HandlingFront End Fuel Handling

StorageStorage Feed SystemsFeed Systems

Impact on Combustion and Heat Impact on Combustion and Heat Transfer SurfaceTransfer Surface

Baghouse ImpactsBaghouse Impacts Ash Disposal ImpactsAsh Disposal Impacts Amount of Carbon ReductionAmount of Carbon Reduction

Biomass Cofiring in Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: PlansCFBs: Plans Test Protocols – March 2010Test Protocols – March 2010 Dried Wood Pellets Tests – Spring Dried Wood Pellets Tests – Spring

20102010 Torrified Wood Tests – Fall to Torrified Wood Tests – Fall to

Winter 2010/2011Winter 2010/2011 Evaluation and Implementation Evaluation and Implementation

Plan Development – 2010/2011Plan Development – 2010/2011 Burn 2012 - ? (Fuel Supply Chain Burn 2012 - ? (Fuel Supply Chain

and Extent of Required Mods)and Extent of Required Mods)