cogeneration plant

8/11/2019 Cogeneration Plant

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Cogeneration


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INTRODUCTION:

Cogeneration, also known as Combined Heat

and Power, or CHP, is the production of

electricity and heat in one single process for

dual output streams.

Cogeneration also helps save energy costs,

improves energy security of supply, and

creates jobs. It is the most efficient way to

use fuel.


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Key points The heat produced by cogeneration can be delivered

through various mediums, including warm water (e.g., for

space heating and hot water systems), steam or hot air

(e.g., for commercial and industrial uses).

It is also possible to do trigeneration, the production of

electricity, heat and cooling

(through an absorption chiller) in one single process.


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Trigeneration:

Trigeneration is an attractive

option in situations where all

three needs exist, such as in

production processes with

cooling requirements.


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Scope of Co generation: In recent years cogeneration has become an attractive and

practical proposition for a wide range of applications.

These include the process industries

pharmaceuticals,

Paper and board,

brewing,

ceramics, brick, cement, food, textile, minerals etc.),


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Commercial sector

Commercial and public sector buildings

Hotel

Hospitals,

Leisure centers ,

Swimming pools,

Universities,

Airports,

Offices,Barracks, etc.

and district heating schemes.


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COGENERATION TYPES

Topping SystemElectricity is produced first and

the thermal

energy exhausted is captured for

further usein the process


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Bottoming SystemUsable thermal energy is extracted from a

waste stream (after it has been used in a

process) to produce power, usually for

driving a turbine to generate electricity


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Bottoming System

In a bottoming cycle, the primary fuel

produces high temperature thermal

energy and the heat rejected from the

process is used to generate power

through a recovery boiler and a turbinegenerator


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To evaluate cogeneration

For an economical evaluation of co gen.plant some thermodynamically relatedquantities are required

Net power output

Heat load

Net electrical efficiencyFuel utilization


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Net power output

The net power output is theamount of power that can be

delivered from power plant.This quantity is equal to

difference between totalgenerated power and plantinternal consumption of power


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Heat load

The heat load is the amount of net useful

heat extracted to an external process from

the plant which is

Q =m (H out-H in)

H out =Energy of steam supplied to external process

H in =Enthalpy of return steam or condensate from

external process


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Net Electrical efficiency

The ratio between the net

power output and fuel

energy input both for gas

turbine and supplementary

burner based on the lower

heating value


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Fuel Utilization

Ratio between total useful energy output

from plant and total energy input basedon lower heating value it can be denotedas combined heat and power (CHP)


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Efficiencies of Generation

Cycles

Type of Generation Efficiency Thermal Plants (Coal Based) 30 to 40%

Thermal Plants (Gas Turbine) 25 to 30%

Combined Cycle 55 to 60%

Co Generation 60 to 70%


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Advantages of Co-gen in the presentPower Sector Scenario

Act as a Booster station

Self reliance

It can maintain grid stability

Pollution reduction & Environnemental

friendly

Helps to meet the national target of 10%

of power

It offers cheap power in the long term


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cogeneration plant

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