cognitive and emotional development
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Cognitive and Cognitive and Emotional Emotional
DevelopmentDevelopment
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Section 2Section 2
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How Knowing ChangesHow Knowing Changes
SchemasSchemas– AccommodationAccommodation
Fitting new object into schemaFitting new object into schema
– AssimilationAssimilation Change schema to fit the characteristic of Change schema to fit the characteristic of
new objectnew object
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Jean PiagetJean Piaget
Swiss PsychologistSwiss Psychologist 1896-19801896-1980
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Object PermanenceObject Permanence
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Object PermanenceObject Permanence
People and objects are independent People and objects are independent of actionsof actions
A child realizes the object exists even A child realizes the object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch when he or she cannot see or touch itit
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Representational ThoughtRepresentational Thought
Things can be pictured in a child’s Things can be pictured in a child’s mindmind– Symbols are being usedSymbols are being used
Happens when a child has object Happens when a child has object permanencepermanence
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ConservationConservation
The principle that a given quantity The principle that a given quantity does not change when its does not change when its appearance has changedappearance has changed
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PreoperationalPreoperational
1 ½ - 7 years1 ½ - 7 years
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Concrete OperationsConcrete Operations
7 – 11 years old7 – 11 years old
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Formal OperationsFormal Operations
11 years +11 years +
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Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Development
Happens early in life both humans Happens early in life both humans and animalsand animals
AnimalsAnimals– ImprintingImprinting
HumansHumans– 6 months6 months– If attachment is disturbed separation If attachment is disturbed separation
anxiety can happenanxiety can happen
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ImprintingImprinting
Konrad LorenzKonrad Lorenz
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Surrogate MothersSurrogate Mothers
Harry HarlowHarry Harlow
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Human InfantsHuman Infants
Attachment happens at 6 monthsAttachment happens at 6 months– Very strong bond between 6 months and Very strong bond between 6 months and
3 yrs3 yrs– If something disrupts attachment could If something disrupts attachment could
lead to separation anxiety - other lead to separation anxiety - other psychological disorderspsychological disorders
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Types of AttachmentTypes of Attachment
1.1. Secure attachmentSecure attachment• Balance – explore and closenessBalance – explore and closeness
2.2. Avoidant attachmentAvoidant attachment• Avoids mom when leaving and returningAvoids mom when leaving and returning
3.3. Resistant attachmentResistant attachment• Mad or rejects mom on returnMad or rejects mom on return
4.4. Disorganized attachmentDisorganized attachment• Inconsistent behavior – confused Inconsistent behavior – confused
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Mary AinsworthMary Ainsworth