Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Mai Thao, Chrissy Evensen, Jenna Schmidt, Tasha Goemer, Anne Roach

Mai Thao, Chrissy Evensen, Jenna Schmidt, Tasha Goemer, Anne Roach

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyCognitive Behavioral Therapy

2. Therapy• Goal• Role of

counselor/client• Techniques• Training Risks/benefit

2. Therapy• Goal• Role of

counselor/client• Techniques• Training Risks/benefit

1. History•Basic premises •Key names

3. Risks & benefits

4. Criticisms

Philosophy & Basic Assumptions

Philosophy & Basic Assumptions

• Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing of experience

• Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors.

• Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

• Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing of experience

• Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors.

• Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

Key FiguresKey Figures

• Albert Ellis•Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT)

•ABC Model •Nature of Unhappiness•Eleven irrational beliefs

• Albert Ellis•Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT)

•ABC Model •Nature of Unhappiness•Eleven irrational beliefs

11 Irrational Beliefs 11 Irrational Beliefs

1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved2. A person must be perfectly complete3. Some people are bad, and should be punished.4. It is terrible when things are not as a person

wants them to be. 5. Unhappiness caused by outside circumstances;

person has no control over it.6. Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great

concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved2. A person must be perfectly complete3. Some people are bad, and should be punished.4. It is terrible when things are not as a person

wants them to be. 5. Unhappiness caused by outside circumstances;

person has no control over it.6. Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great

concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

Irrational Beliefs cont.

Irrational Beliefs cont.

7. It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them.

8. A person should be dependent on others.9. Past experience and events are the

determinants of present behaviors10.A person should be upset over other

people’s problems and disturbances.

11.There is always a right perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found.

7. It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them.

8. A person should be dependent on others.9. Past experience and events are the

determinants of present behaviors10.A person should be upset over other

people’s problems and disturbances.

11.There is always a right perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found.

Key Figures cont…Key Figures cont…

• Aaron Beck• Cognitive Therapy

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_AbTQ1gcMI

• Emphasizes • Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive

thoughts • Reorganization of self-statements will result in

a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

• Aaron Beck• Cognitive Therapy

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_AbTQ1gcMI

• Emphasizes • Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive

thoughts • Reorganization of self-statements will result in

a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

Beck cont…Beck cont…

•Differences with REBT

•Closer to psychodynamic tradition•Doesn’t apply the same set of irrational beliefs

to all disorders•Cx are led to become their own truth-seeker

and not directly put into a philosophical system

•Differences with REBT

•Closer to psychodynamic tradition•Doesn’t apply the same set of irrational beliefs

to all disorders•Cx are led to become their own truth-seeker

and not directly put into a philosophical system

Beck cont…Beck cont…

• Shares with REBT •the active, directive, time-limited,

present-centered, structured approach

•identify, challenge & change dysfunctional thought patterns

• Shares with REBT •the active, directive, time-limited,

present-centered, structured approach

•identify, challenge & change dysfunctional thought patterns

Other CBTs Other CBTs

• Meichenbaum’s Stress inoculation training

• Glasser’s Reality therapy

• Linehan’s Dialectical behavior therapy

• Acceptance and commitment therapy

• Solution focused therapy

• Meichenbaum’s Stress inoculation training

• Glasser’s Reality therapy

• Linehan’s Dialectical behavior therapy

• Acceptance and commitment therapy

• Solution focused therapy

Therapy Therapy

• Brief & Structured

• Problem Solving

• Goal: Client becomes personal therapist

• Brief & Structured

• Problem Solving

• Goal: Client becomes personal therapist

Therapeutic Relationship Therapeutic

Relationship • Collaborative

• Persuasive Teacher

• Model Behavior

• Collaborative

• Persuasive Teacher

• Model Behavior

StagesStages

• Initial Interviews • Identify cognitive

framework• Early symptom relief

• Middle Stage• Homework

assignments• Guided discovery

• Initial Interviews • Identify cognitive

framework• Early symptom relief

• Middle Stage• Homework

assignments• Guided discovery

• Last Sessions• Cognitive reality

testing increases• Session frequency

decreases• Relapse management

& Booster sessions

• Last Sessions• Cognitive reality

testing increases• Session frequency

decreases• Relapse management

& Booster sessions

Techniques Techniques

• Beck’s Cognitive Triad• Collaborative Empiricism• Socratic Dialogue

• ABC Therapy

• Beck’s Cognitive Triad• Collaborative Empiricism• Socratic Dialogue

• ABC Therapy

ABC therapy

A-Antecedents/Activating Event

ABC therapy

A-Antecedents/Activating Event• Behavior is determined by the situation. Not everything that

precedes a behavior is considered an antecedent; only the things that influence a behavior response.

• Sources of antecedents may be-affective (feeling, mood states)

-somatic (physiological and body relatesensations)

-behavioral (verbal, nonverbal, motoric responses-cognitive (schemas, thoughts, beliefs, images) -contextual (time, place, multicultural factors)-relational (presence or absence of other people)

• Behavior is determined by the situation. Not everything that precedes a behavior is considered an antecedent; only the things that influence a behavior response.

• Sources of antecedents may be-affective (feeling, mood states)

-somatic (physiological and body relatesensations)

-behavioral (verbal, nonverbal, motoric responses-cognitive (schemas, thoughts, beliefs, images) -contextual (time, place, multicultural factors)-relational (presence or absence of other people)

ABC TherapyABC Therapy

B-Behavior or Belief

-Things that a person does as well as things that a person thinks about.

-Two main types: -Overt: -Covert:

Counselor must usually rely on the clients self report.

B-Behavior or Belief

-Things that a person does as well as things that a person thinks about.

-Two main types: -Overt: -Covert:

Counselor must usually rely on the clients self report.

ABC TherapyABC Therapy

C-Consequence-Events that follow a behavior and exert some influence on the

behavior.

-Consequences can be positive or negative. -Positive consequences are referred to as re-enforcers.

- Positive Reinforcement- Negative Reinforcement

-Negative consequences are referred to as punishers. These behaviors will decrease the behavior.

C-Consequence-Events that follow a behavior and exert some influence on the

behavior.

-Consequences can be positive or negative. -Positive consequences are referred to as re-enforcers.

- Positive Reinforcement- Negative Reinforcement

-Negative consequences are referred to as punishers. These behaviors will decrease the behavior.

TrainingTraining

• Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY

• Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

• Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY

• Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

Certifications Offered Certifications Offered by the National Association by the National Association

of Cognitive-Behavioral of Cognitive-Behavioral TherapistsTherapists

Certifications Offered Certifications Offered by the National Association by the National Association

of Cognitive-Behavioral of Cognitive-Behavioral TherapistsTherapists

Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

BenefitsBenefits

• Brief form of therapy• REBT effective for helping people in crisis• Affective for individuals, groups, coupled, or

families• Discourages dependence on the therapist• Has emphasis on outside work

• Brief form of therapy• REBT effective for helping people in crisis• Affective for individuals, groups, coupled, or

families• Discourages dependence on the therapist• Has emphasis on outside work

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms

• Prescriptive Model• Cultural Concerns• Unfinished Business• Brainwashing

• Prescriptive Model• Cultural Concerns• Unfinished Business• Brainwashing

ReferencesReferences

• Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company.

• Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc.

• Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press.

• Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company.

• Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc.

• Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press.