Cognitive DevelopmentHow do students’ develop their

thinking?

Piaget vs. Vygotsky

Piaget vs. Vygotsky Piaget (Clip 0-1:50)

Construction of knowledge Learning occurs through

interactions with objects (no expert needed).

Build schemas New info for schema (cognitive

disequilibrium) Assimilate and/or Accommodate

new info (ex.) Development leads learning

(Thought creates language) (ex) 4 invariant stages

– Sensorimotor– Preoperational– Concrete operations– Formal operations

Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Formation (mnemonic)

Sensorimotor (physical) 0-2 years Pre-operational (mental) 2 -7 years Concrete operations (logical) 7 – 11 years Formal operations (abstract) 11 - adult

Sensorimotor Stage: 0–2

Learning through 5 senses (physical)– Exploration of objects through senses (lollipops)– Object permanence (peek-a-boo)– Goal directed actions (get cookie out of jar)

Preoperational Stage: 2–7

Learning through operations (intuitive)– Semiotic function (symbols for actions - language)– One-way logic (cannot reverse thinking, costumes)– Conservation and decentering (video)

– Egocentrism (collective monologue/Theory of mind)

Rules for Toddlers

If I like it, it’s mine. If it’s in my hand, it’s mine. If I can take it from you, it’s mine. If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine. If it’s mine, it must never appear to be

yours in any way.

Rules for Toddlers, continued

If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are mine.

If it looks like mine, it’s mine. If I saw it first, it’s mine. If you are playing with something, and

you put it down, it automatically becomes mine.

If it’s broken, it’s yours!

(Video: Sally and Anne experiment)

Concrete Operational Stage: 7–11

Learning through operations (logical)– Conservation Mastered (Hold two aspects at once)

• Identity, compensation, reversibility

– Classification (Organize objects into groups)– Seriation (A is bigger than B but less than C) (video: 1:37-2:38)

Formal Operational Stage: 11–15

Learning through operations (abstract) – Hypothetico-deductive reasoning (scientific)

• critical of others, seek identity (video: 2:40 – 3:34)

– Adolescent egocentrism• imaginary audience

– Not everyone reaches this stage• Probably with experience or exposure

Solve this problemA man brought a horse for

$60 and sold it for $70. Then he bought the same horse back for $80 and again sold it, for $90. How much money did he make in the horse business?

Solve this problem

Its not $10!Money paid out $60 + $80 = $140Money taken in $70 + $90 = $160Profit = $20!

This problem is difficult because of how it is framed.

A man brought a horse for $60 and sold it for $70. Then he bought some firewood for $80 and again sold it, for $90. How much money did he make?

Truthtellers and Liars Problem You are visiting a strange country in

which there are just two kinds of people-truthtellers and liars. Truthtellers always tell the truth and liars always lie. You hail the first two people you meet and say, “Are you truthtellers or liars?” The first person mumbles something you can’t hear. The second says, “He says he is a truthteller. He is a truthteller and so am I.” Can you trust the directions that these two may give you?”

Piaget vs. Vygotsky

Construction of knowledge Learning occurs through

interactions with objects (no expert needed).

Build schemas New info for schema (cognitive

disequilibrium) Assimilate and/or Accommodate

new info (ex.) Development leads learning

(Thought creates language) (ex) 4 invariant stages

– Sensorimotor– Preoperational– Concrete operations– Formal operations

Co-Construction of knowledge Learning occurs through social

interaction (expert needed) Build Interpersonal to

intrapersonal speech which regulates behavior

Cultural tools: language (mediation)

ZPD (or ZPG): scaffolding (demo) Learning leads development

(Language creates thoughts) No specific stages, but

maturation important

Piaget (Clip 0-1:50) Vygotsky