coi country focus iran nov15

8/16/2019 COI Country Focus Iran Nov15

1/29

EASO Special Support Plan to Greece 2015

COI Country Focus

Iran

Opposition groups,

judicial syste,

state onitoring o! internet and social edia,

returning !ailed asylu see"ers

DRAFT, NOT TO BE QUOTED

November 2015


2/29

COI Country Focus Irn ! November 2015

2"2#

Introduction and et#odology

T$%s COI country &ocus on Irn 's 'r%tten '%t$%n t$e EA(O ()ec%* (u))ort +*n &or reece 2015-

In t$e &rme'or. o& t$e EA(O O)ert%n/ +*n to reece +$se I, mesures -5-1 n -5-2,&cts$eets on country o& or%/%n %n&ormt%on COI3 $ve been eve*o)e %n 2014, su))ort%n/ t$e

cse'or.ers o& t$e Asy*um (erv%ce, t$e e)ert6r))orteurs o& t$e A))e*s Aut$or%ty, t$e

members o& t$e A))e*s Comm%ttee o& t$e A))e*s Aut$or%ty n t$e members o& t$e Bc.*o/

Comm%ttees o& t$e 7e**en%c +o*%ce %n t$e ec%s%on m.%n/ )rocess-

In t$e ne' EA(O ()ec%* (u))ort +*n to reece, s%/ne on 14 8y 2015, su))ort %n t$e &%e* o&

country o& or%/%n %n&ormt%on %s %nc*ue EA(O 8esure E9 23- In t$%s contet, t$e ree. COI Un%t

conucte nees ssessment n re:ueste t$e u)te n e)ns%on o& t$e COI &cts$eet on

Irn- A *%st o& to)%cs 's %ent%&%e on '$%c$ et%*e %n&ormt%on s$ou* be )rov%e-

In t$e )er%o o& 1#624 October 2015, m%/rt%on o&&%cer &rom t$e 8%n%stry o& t$e Inter%or Cy)rus3

'or.e %n coo)ert%on '%t$ t$e ree. COI Un%t, e*bort%n/ %n more et%* t$e to)%cs, &ter '$%c$reserc$, com)%*t%on o& %n&ormt%on n r&t%n/ o& t$e re)ort too. )*ce-

EA(O co**borte '%t$ t$e e)ert on :u*%ty cr%ter% n re&erenc%n/ sources o& %n&ormt%on- A

)eer rev%e' n %t%on* %n&ormt%on 's )rov%e by members o& t$e Irn net'or. n EA(O-

$isclaier

T$%s re)ort %s bse on cre&u**y se*ecte sources o& %n&ormt%on- A** sources use re re&erence-

To t$e etent )oss%b*e n un*ess ot$er'%se stte, ** %n&ormt%on )resente, ece)t &or

un%s)ute or obv%ous &cts, $s been cross6c$ec.e- T$e %n&ormt%on cont%ne %n t$%s re)ort $s

been reserc$e, ev*ute n n*yse '%t$ utmost cre- 7o'ever, t$%s ocument oes notc*%m to be e$ust%ve-

I& )rt%cu*r event, )erson or or/n%st%on %s not ment%one %n t$e re)ort, t$%s oes not men

t$t t$e event $s not t.en )*ce or t$t t$e )erson or or/n%st%on oes not e%st-

Furt$ermore, t$%s re)ort %s not conc*us%ve s to t$e eterm%nt%on or mer%t o& ny )rt%cu*r c*%m

to re&u/ee sttus or sy*um-

Term%no*o/y use s$ou* not be re/re s %n%ct%ve o& )rt%cu*r *e/* )os%t%on- ;Re&u/ee

1- (tte structure, )o*%t%c* )rt%es n movements n tretment o& t$e%r su))orters

2- ?u%c%* system> court n )o'ers o& =u/es, )un%s$ments, b%*, rrests, )re6tr%* etent%on

4-

+o*%ce surve%**nce o& %*y *%&e, %nternet, )$one converst%ons etc-

-

In&ormt%on on t$e s%tut%on o& &%*e sy*um see.ers returne to Irn-


3/29


4"2#

%a&le o! content

Introuct%on n met$oo*o/y '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2

*ossry ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' (

1 ener* s%tut%on '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 51-1 eo/r)$y, Demo/r)$y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1-1-1 Et$n%c n re*%/%ous com)os%t%on ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

1-1-2 (tte structure ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @

2 Political landscape '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' )

2-1 (tte re/%me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @

2-2 +o*%t%c* )rt%es -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-4 O))os%t%on /rou)s "movements ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-4-1 reen 8ovement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-4-2 Is*m%c Irn +rt%c%)t%on Front II+F3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-4-4 8o=$e%n o& t$e Is*m%c Revo*ut%on Or/n%t%on 8IR3 ----------------------------------------- #

2-4- (unn% Arme O))os%t%on> ?unu**$ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

2-4-5 +eo)*es 8o=$e%n Or/n%t%on o& Irn +8OI3"8u=$eeen6e $*: 8E3 -------- #

2-4-@ +rty &or Free 9%&e %n ur%stn +?A3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

2-4- ur%s$ Democrt%c +rty o& Irn D+I" +DI"D+6I"D+I3 ------------------------------------ 11

2-4- om* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

2- Tretment o& )o*%t%c* ct%v%sts"members"su))orters ---------------------------------------------------- 14

2--1 Act%v%sts %n %**e/* ur%s$ or/n%t%ons- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1

* %#e !unctioning o! t#e judicial syste ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1)

4-1 +en* Coe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1@

4-2 Court system -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

4-4 +roceures n )en*t%es ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

4-4-1 (ummons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

4-4-2 Arrest +roceures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

4-4-4 B%* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#

4-4- F*o//%n/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

4-4-5 Det$ +en*ty ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

( State onitoring o! internet and te+t essaging ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 21

5 In!oration on t#e treatent o! returned !ailed asylu see"ers' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2*

i&liograp#y '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2(


4/29


"2#

Glossary


5/29


5"2#

1 General situation

1'1 Geograp#y, $eograp#y

Source map1

T$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn *%es %n 'estern As%, borere by Armen%, Aerb%=n n

Tur.men%stn to t$e nort$, by Tur.ey n Ir: to t$e 'est, by t$e +ers%n Arb%n3 u*& n t$e

u*& o& Omn to t$e sout$, n by +.%stn n A&/$n%stn to t$e est- T$e c)%t* o& Irn %s

Te$rn- Ot$er c%t%es re Es&$n, Tbr%, 8s$$, ($%r, n Qom- T$e est%mte

)o)u*t%on o& Irn %n ?u*y 2015 's 1,2,202-

T$e o&&%c%* nt%on* *n/u/e ccor%n/ to t$e Const%tut%on %s Frs% +ers%n3, '$%c$ %s s)o.en by

bout 50G o& t$e )o)u*t%on- A** /overnment commun%ct%on n t$e *n/u/e o& euct%on %s

Frs%- Tur.%c6s)e.%n/ Aer%s &orm bout 2G o& t$e )o)u*t%on, n urs, Arbs, B*oc$%s nTur.omns &orm *ess t$n 25G

4-

1'1'1

Et#nic and religious coposition

T$e m%n et$n%c /rou)s %n Irn re> +ers%n @1G, Aer% 1@G, ur 10G, 9ur @G, B*oc$ 2G, Arb

2G, Tur.men n Tur.%c tr%bes 2G, ot$ers 1G-

Re/r%n/ to t$e re*%/%ous structure %n Irn, t$e m=or%ty o& Irn%ns re 8us*%msH #0 to #5G

be*on/ to t$e ($%; brnc$ o& Is*m5, t$e o&&%c%* stte re*%/%on, '$%*e bout 5 6 10G be*on/ to t$e

1 Irn Trve* In&ormt%on Forum, Iranian provinces m)J, 200@-

2

CIA, The World Factbook Iran, u)te 2 October 2015-4 Encyc*o)e% Br%ttnn%c, Iran, u)te November 2015H CIA, The World Factbook Iran, u)te 2 October 2015-

CIA, The CIA World Factbook 2015, (.y$orse +ub*%s$%n/, Inc-, Nov 201-


6/29


@"2#

(unn% brnc$- Non68us*%m m%nor%t%es const%tute 0-4G o& t$e )o)u*t%on n %nc*ue Korostr%ns,

?e's, B$;%s, n C$r%st%ns-@

1'1'2

State structure

T$e U( De)rtment o& (tte


7/29


"2#

2'2 Political parties

Art%c*e 2@ o& t$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn Const%tut%on, %n t$e sect%on ;T$e R%/$ts o& t$e +eo)*e ?e's, Armen%n

C$r%st%ns, Assyr%n n C$*en C$r%st%ns, n Korostr%ns- 7o'ever, et$n%c n

es)ec%**y re*%/%ous m%nor%t%es re rre*y 're sen%or /overnment )osts, n t$e%r

)o*%t%c* )resence rem%ns 'e.- T$e ur%n Counc%* brs 'omen &rom runn%n/ &or

)res%ent bse on %ts %nter)rett%on o& t$e const%tut%on, n 'omen secu*r /rou) reen 8ovement3 n t'o

%s*m%c /rou)s II+F n 8IR3H

• Act%ve but %**e/*3 rme /rou)s> (unn% rme o))os%t%on /rou) ?unu**$3H n t$ree

ur%s$ rme /rou)s +8OI"8E, +?A, D+I3-

2'*'1

Green /o.eent

T$e reen 8ovement %s n %n&orm* movement t$t emer/e s)ontneous*y &ter t$e

)res%ent%* )o** over **e/e vote6r%//%n/ on 12 ?une 200#- Former +r%me 8%n%ster 8%r$osse%n

10 Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn, Constitution, n---

11

Freeom 7ouse , Freedom in the World 2015 & Iran, n---12 A*68on%tor, Iran*s "emale '+s sho$ mied record, 15 8rc$ 2015-

14 U(I+, The Iran +rimer ! the +arliament , u)te Au/ust 2015-


8/29


"2#

8ousv% n 200# )res%ent%* cn%te 8e$% rroub% re t$e uno&&%c%* *eers- out$ n

'omen ct%ve*y en//e %n )rotests, sust%n%n/ )ub*%c o))os%t%on &or @ mont$s1

-

T$e Austr%n Centre &or Country o& Or%/%n Asy*um Reserc$ n Documentt%on ACCORD3 %n

?u*y 2015 COI com)%*t%on on +o*%t%c* o))os%t%on /rou)s n ot$er %ssues on Irn, :uot%n/ t$e

Frenc$6Irn%n soc%o*o/%st $osro.$vr, /ve t$e &o**o'%n/ %n&ormt%on on t$e reen 8ovement>

;--3 t$e reen 8ovement e)er%ence t$ree )$ses- T$e &%rst )er%o, '$%c$ )recee t$e

)res%ent%* e*ect%on o& ?une 200#, s' t$e mob%*%t%on o& urbn )rt%cu*r*y Te$rn%3

m%*e6c*ss yout$, re&ormers n t$ose %s))o%nte '%t$ 8$mou A$m%ne= %ts

t'o m%n *eers 'ere )ut %n :urnt%ne n )rotests 'ere struc. o'n '%t$ %ncres%n/

v%o*ence, '%t$ more t$n 100 )eo)*e .%**e n over 000 rreste n torture-

T$e reen 8ovement t$en entere )er%o o& ecom)os%t%on- %t$ 8ousv% n

rroub% uner $ouse rrest n t$e movement e)r%ve o& %ts *eers$%), %n t$e mont$s&o**o'%n/ t$e e*ect%ons, t$e youn/ ct%v%sts stru//*e to or/n%e *r/e6sc*e )rotests

/%nst t$e /overnment- T$e movement 's %ncres%n/*y )*ce uner surve%**nce 3

t$e m%n ct%v%sts 'ere e%t$er %n )r%son, e%*e %n t$e est or %n ny cse )o'er*ess /%ven

t$e movement

;(ome o& t$e )rotests %n *te 200#, suc$ s t$e one on t$e As$ur $o*y y December 2,

200#3 ner*y over'$e*me re/%me secur%ty &orces- T$e movement


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#"2#

8=*es3 n 8o$sen 8%rm%- T$e II+F bc.e )res%ent6cn%te n &ormer )r%me m%n%ster

8ousv% %n t$e ?une 200# e*ect%on- (ever* II+F *eers $ve been et%ne n )rosecute %n

)ost6e*ect%on %s)ute- T$e )rty 's out*'e by t$e re/%me %n (e)tember 20101

-

2'*'*

/oja#edin o! t#e Islaic e.olution Organi3ation /I

T$e 8o=$e%n o& t$e Is*m%c Revo*ut%on Or/n%t%on 8IR3 %s com)ose m%n*y o& *e&t6*en%n/

Irn%n &%/ures '$o su))ort stte contro* o& t$e economy, but 'nt /reter )o*%t%c* )*ur*%sm n

re*t%on o& ru*es on soc%* be$v%or- Its *eer %s &ormer 7evy Inustr%es 8%n%ster Be$

Nbv%, '$o su))orte )res%ent6cn%te n &ormer )r%me m%n%ster 8ousv% %n t$e 200#

e*ect%on n $s been %ncrcerte &or most o& t$e t%me s%nce ?une 200#- T$e or/n%t%on 's

out*'e by t$e re/%me s%mu*tneous*y '%t$ t$e out*'%n/ o& t$e II+F, bove1

-

2'*'(

Sunni Ared Opposition4 undulla#

?unu**$ %s com)ose o& (unn% 8us*%ms )r%mr%*y &rom t$e B*uc$%stn re/%on borer%n/+.%stn- T$e re/%on %s %n$b%te by members o& t$e B*uc$ m%nor%ty n %s &r *ess eve*o)e

t$n ot$er )rts o& Irn- ?unu**$ 's &oune %n 2002"2004 to e&en t$e B*uc$% m%nor%ty %n

t$e )oor, remote n *'*ess re/%on o& sout$6est Irn- Its *eer 's Abo*m*e. R%/% '$o 's

$n/e by t$e Irn%n /overnment on ?une 2010-1#

On t$e /rouns t$t ?unu**$ $s ttc.e c%v%*%ns %n t$e course o& v%o*ent ttc.s %n Irn, t$e

(tte De)rtment &orm**y nme %t n FTO Fore%/n Terror%st Or/n%st%on3 on November ,

2010- (ome s' t$e es%/nt%on s n overture to'r t$e Irn%n /overnment, '$%*e ot$ers s'

%t s s%/n t$t t$e Un%te (ttes su))orts on*y o))os%t%on /rou)s t$t re comm%tte to )ece&u*

met$os- ?unu**$ $s conucte sever* ttc.s on Irn%n secur%ty n c%v%*%n o&&%c%*s,

%nc*u%n/ 8y 200# bomb%n/ o& mos:ue %n K$en n t$e October 200# .%**%n/ o& &%ve IRC

commners %n (%stn v B*uc$%stn +rov%nce- T$e re/%me c*%me m=or v%ctory /%nst t$e/rou) %n Februry 2010 '%t$ t$e c)ture o& t$e /rou)


10/29


10"2#

T$e Nt%on* Counc%* o& Res%stnce %n Irn NCRI3, '$%c$ e*ecte +8OI"8E

;T$e best6.no'n e%*e o))os%t%on /rou) 3 (ecu*r n *e&t6*en%n/, %t 's &orme %n t$e

1#@0s to try to overt$ro' t$e ($$ o& Irn 3 T$e /rou) 's r%ven %nto e%*e &ter %t

unsuccess&u**y rose u) /%nst t$e $ome%n% re/%me %n (e)tember 1#1- It $s been *e

&or eces by s)ouses 8rym n 8ssou R=v% but %n 2011 8s- Ko$re$ A.$yn% 's

e*ecte s 8E (ecretry6ener*- 8rym R=v% %s bse %n Frnce but t$e '$erebouts

o& 8ssou R=v% re un.no'n- JT$e U-(-J (tte De)rtment es%/nte t$e +8OI s n FTO Fore%/n Terror%st

Or/n%t%onJ %n October 1## P ur%n/ t$e )res%ency o& t$e re*t%ve*y moerte

8o$mm $tem%- J On (e)tember 2, 2012, J t$e /rou) 's remove &rom t$e

FTO *%st s 'e** s &rom t$e es%/nt%on s terror%sm su))orter uner Eecut%ve Orer

1422-<2@

Accor%n/ to ?u*y 201 re)ort o& t$e U(6bse t$%n. Counc%* on Fore%/n Re*t%ons CRF3, t$%n.

tn. on &ore%/n )o*%cy n %nternt%on* &&%rs, t$e +8OI"8E %s ;re)ute*y t$e *r/est m%*%tnt

Irn%n o))os%t%on /rou) comm%tte to t$e overt$ro' o& t$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c


11/29


11"2#

re 'omen r'n to t$e movements r%c* &em%n%sm- +?A 'omen &%/$ters b*me

($r% *' &or t$e o))ress%on n murer o& 'omen, )rt%cu*r*y %n Estern ur%stn40

;- +?A $s entere %nto cese&%re /reement '%t$ t$e Irn%n /overnment n t$ere

$ been no c*er rme c*s$es recent*y- 7o'ever, mny cses $ve been re)orte

re/r%n/ %m)r%sonment, torture, terr%b*e )r%son con%t%ons n eecut%ons %n Irn o& +?A

members n su))orters<44

-

T$e /rou) %s st%** ct%ve n 's en//e ur%n/ 2015 %n rme con&rontt%ons '%t$ t$e Irn%n

/overnment4

- 8ny **e/e +?A members cont%nue to be =%*e n torture45

-

?ne ?ne


12/29


12"2#

s)%rt%ons, suc$ s t$e D+I, re brut**y su))resse- At *est 2 ur%s$ )r%soners

conv%cte o& nt%on* secur%ty c$r/es rem%ne on et$ ro' t t$e en o& 2012

une 201B, (e)tember

2014, )- 2@-2

9n%n&o, DRC, DI(, Iranian 8urds n Conditions "or Iranian 8urdish +arties in Iran and 86I, Activities in the 8urdish

Area o" Iran, Conditions in Dorder Area and Situation o" 6eturnees "rom 86I to Iran, B0 'a to > une 201B, (e)tember

2014, )- 2@- (ource> D+I re)resentt%ve %n +r%s-4



2014, )- 2- (ource> Fo $/% Be%/%, ener* (ecretry o& 9'n-

*ob* (ecur%ty, 8urdish ?emocratic +art o" Iran 98?+I:, n--H Ir: Ne's 8on%tor, 8urdistan ?emocratic +art!Iranhas split , December 200@-5

RUDA- 8?+I leader/ Iran is a"raid- o" 8urdish aspirations, 24 8y 2015-


13/29


14"2#

2'*'=

8oala

om* %s t$e nme o& t$e ur%s$ '%n/ o& t$e Commun%st )rty o& Irn, '$%c$ $s uner/one

vr%ous s)*%ts %n t$e course o& t%me- Accor%n/ to vr%ous sources :uote %n t$e ACCORD re)ort on

)o*%t%c* o))os%t%on /rou)s@

, t$ere re t$ree ot$ers ment%on &%ve3 or/n%st%ons current*y ct%ve

uner t$e nme o& om*- T$e 9n%n&o"DI("DRC &ct6&%n%n/ m%ss%on re)ort 20143 %ent%&%es t$e

&o**o'%n/ t$ree om* )rt%es>

8O/A:A S8>8I 6 T$e ur%s$ Or/n%t%on o& t$e Commun%st +rty o& Irn ;(mne ur%stne

7ebe ommun%ste Irn une 201B, (e)tember

2014, )- 11-

ACCORD Austr%n Centre &or Country o& Or%/%n n Asy*um Reserc$ n Documentt%on3, Iran/ +olitical opposition

roups, securit "orces, selected human rihts issues, rule o" la$/ CI Compilation, ?u*y 2015, ))- 56-#



2014-50

7umn R%/$ts Counc%*, 6eport o" the Special 6apporteur on the situation o" human rihts in the Islamic 6epublic o"

Iran, 24 Februry 2014, ))- @, 4H Amnesty Internt%on*, Iran/ Ealt eecution o" 8urdish man due to be carried outtomorro$ mornin, 25 Au/ust 2015H U( Do(, Countr 6eport on Euman 6ihts +ractices 201 ! Iran, )- 10-51

U( Do(, Countr 6eport on Euman 6ihts +ractices 201 ! Iran, )- 10-


14/29


1"2#

*'s- (ome $ve been en%e ccess to e:ute me%c* cre- ?u/es o&ten set

etreme*y $%/$ b%*s &or t$e re*ese o& ct%v%sts- (ecur%ty &orces re se*om $e*

res)ons%b*e &or $umn r%/$ts v%o*t%ons<52

-

T$e 'e**6.no'n cse o& B$re$ 7eyt my serve s n em)*e- On December 41 200# s$e

's rreste by Irn F%ve yers &or Lct%n/

/%nst nt%on* secur%ty n )ub*%s$%n/ &*se$oos,M t'o yers &or L%nsu*t%n/ t$e (u)reme

9eerM n s% mont$s &or L%nsu*t%n/ t$e +res%ent-M A*t$ou/$ s$e s$ou* $ve been re*ese by

t$e en o& ?u*y 2015 '%t$ t$e com)*et%on o& more t$n &%ve yers %n )r%son, s$e 's st%** %n )r%son

%n (e)tember 201554

-

2'('1

Acti.ists in illegal 8urdis# organi3ations'

Accor%n/ to re)ort by t$e Irn 7umn R%/$ts Documentt%on Center 20123 on ur%s$ ct%v%sts

%n Irn,

;Act%v%sts t$t en//e %n )ece&u* ct%v%t%es re*te to )o*%t%c* )rt%es re *so )r%me

tr/et o& t$e Irn%n ut$or%t%es- 8embers o& /rou)s t$t o&&ere monetry % or

emot%on* su))ort to &m%*y members o& .%**e ur%s$ )o*%t%c* )rty members s% t$ey

'ere rreste by t$e Irn%n ut$or%t%es on **e/t%ons o& %%n/ %**e/* /rou)s- Even

)oetry n *%terry 'r%t%n/P%& )o*%t%c* %n tonePcn *n t$e ut$or %n =%* &or **e/e*y

sym)t$%%n/ '%t$ )o*%t%c* o))os%t%on /rou)s<5

-

Act%v%sts ssert%n/ t$e%r ur%s$ %ent%ty or '$o e)ress cr%t%c%sm o& Irn cn be rb%trr%*y rreste

n )rosecute on t$e )retet o& enn/er%n/ nt%on* secur%ty- $%*e some ur%s$ )o*%t%c*

ct%v%sts my en//e %n v%o*ent cts /%nst t$e Irn%n stte or re %nvo*ve '%t$ +?APn rme

ur%s$ )o*%t%c* /rou)Pot$ers on*y en//e %n )ece&u* c%v%c ct%v%t%es, yet su&&er on ccount o&t$e%r *r/er /rou) ssoc%t%on

55-

A =o%nt Dn%s$"Nor'e/%n &ct6&%n%n/ m%ss%on 20143 re)orte mny cses on +?A members n

su))orters be%n/ %m)r%sone, torture, eecute n e)er%ence terr%b*e )r%son %n Irn- It e

t$t ;n %n%v%u* oes not nee to be member o& +?A %n orer to be )ursue n t$t ot$ers

some$o' &&%*%te cou* &ce r%s.s- Fm%*%es to +?A members cn *so be t r%s. n &ce rrest

n %nterro/t%ons by t$e ut$or%t%es<5@

-

A recent em)*e o& t$e tretment o& +?A members %s t$e eecut%on o& Be$rou A*.$n%, 406

yer6o* mn &rom Irn )lection +rotestors as

$ell as =eal Issues and )it +rocedures, oint report "rom the ?anish Immiration Service, the @or$eian =A@?I@Fand ?anish 6e"uee Council-s "act!"indin mission to Tehran, Iran, Ankara, Turke and =ondon, 3nited 8indom >

@ovember to 20 @ovember 2012 and anuar to > anuar 201B, 8rc$ 2014-


15/29


15"2#

&ct t$t $e 's '%t%n/ t$e outcome o& (u)reme Court ))e*-5

Anot$er recent cse re&ers

to ur%s$ stuent )o*%t%c* )r%soner Om% Db.$c$% 8u.r%, '$o 's sentence to &our yers %n

)r%son by t$e Is*m%c Revo*ut%onry Court, bse on ccust%ons o& L/t$er%n/ n cons)%r%n/ to

%sru)t nt%on* secur%ty by cyber ct%v%ty on soc%* me% n coo)ert%on '%t$ +rty o& Free 9%&e

o& ur%stn +?A3M-5

%t$ re/r to t$e +8OI, o& '$om ))ro%mte*y 4000 members $ve been *%v%n/ %n e%*e %n

Cm) 9%berty, ner B/$ %r)ort Ir:3 s%nce t$e 1#0s, Irn nnounce %n 8rc$ 201 t$t %t

's rey to )ron 24 members o& t$e +8OI ;'$o o not $ve ny *e/* )rob*ems cn return

to Irn;5#

-

For more %n&ormt%on on )o*%t%c* /rou)s n t$e tretment o& t$e%r members, )*ese consu*t

ACCORD


16/29


1@"2#

* %#e !unctioning o! t#e judicial syste

*'1

Penal CodeIn 2014, ne' +en* Coe 's )sse by t$e Irn%n )r*%ment 8=*%s3 n rt%&%e by t$e

ur%n Counc%* on 1 8y 2014@1

- It s$ou* t$ere&ore be .e)t %n m%n t$t re)orts )ub*%s$e

be&ore 8y 2014 re re&err%n/ to t$e o* +en* coe '$%c$ %s %&&erent %n structure-

Re&erence %s me to t$e En/*%s$ trns*t%on o& Boo. One n Boo. T'o o& t$e ne' Is*m%c +en*

Coe I+C3, )ub*%s$e by t$e Irn 7umn R%/$ts Documentt%on Center I7RDC3- T$e I7DC

remr.s>

;T$e ne' I+C %ncor)ortes t$e m%n bu*. o& )en* *'s %n t$e IRI n re)*ces Boo.s One,

T'o, T$ree, n Four o& t$e o* I+C- Boo. One o& t$e ne' I+C %ncor)ortes t$e

)re*%m%nry )rov%s%ons n e&%n%t%ons- Boo. T'o covers, r/ub*y, t$e most controvers%*

)rt o& t$e Coe, Is*m%c hudud '$%c$ re t$ose cr%mes '%t$ &%e n severe

)un%s$ments %n Is*m%c sources, %nc*u%n/, %nter *%, %**%c%t outs%e o& mrr%/e3 se

.no'n s 7ina3, soomy n $omoseu* cts bet'een men livat 3 n 'omen

mosaha#a3, %nsu*t%n/ t$e +ro)$et sabb!e!nabi 3, n consum)t%on o& n %nto%cnt

shorb!e!khamr 3- Boo. T$ree n Boo. Four ress #isas ret*%t%on3 n diat

monetry com)enst%on &or et$s n bo%*y %n=ur%es3- Boo. F%ve, '$%c$ e*s '%t$

ot$er cr%mes, %nc*u%n/ cr%mes /%nst nt%on* secur%ty, rem%ns unc$n/e;@2

-

Freeom 7ouse 20143 commente %n 2014> ;T$e country

;T$e =u/e %s boun to enevor to =u/e ec$ cse on t$e bs%s o& t$e co%&%e *'- In cse

o& t$e bsence o& ny suc$ *', $e $s to e*%ver $%s =u/ment on t$e bs%s o& ut$or%tt%ve

Is*m%c sources n ut$ent%c &t'- 7e, on t$e )retet o& t$e s%*ence o& or e&%c%ency o&*' %n t$e mtter, or %ts brev%ty or contr%ctory nture, cnnot re&r%n &rom m%tt%n/ n

em%n%n/ cses n e*%ver%n/ $%s =u/ment<@@

-

@1 FID7, ?eath +enalt in Iran/ A State Terror +olic , 10 October 2014-

@2 I7RDC, )nlish Translation o" Dooks I < II o" the @e$ Islamic +enal Code, A)r%* 201-

@4 Freeom 7ouse, Freedom in the World 201B ! Iran, n---

@

I7RDC, )nlish Translation o" Dooks I < II o" the @e$ Islamic +enal Code, A)r%* 201-@5 FID7, ?eath +enalt in Iran/ A State Terror +olic , 10 October 2014-

@@ Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn, Constitution, 1##, rt- 1@H I7RDC, The Constitution o" the Islamic 6epublic o" Iran, rt- 1@-


17/29


1"2#

*'2 Court syste

T$e const%tut%on )rov%es t$t t$e =u%c%ry be Ln %ne)enent )o'erM t$t %s L&ree &rom every

.%n o& un$e*t$y re*t%on n connect%on-M 7o'ever, t$e $e o& t$e =u%c%ry, '$o %s t$e

$%/$est =u%c%* ut$or%ty n ccor%n/ to t$e const%tut%on s$ou* be ;octor o& re*%/%ous *'


18/29


1"2#

*'* Procedures and penalties

T$e U( Do( 201 Country re)ort st%)u*tes>

;Accor%n/ to t$e const%tut%on n cr%m%n* )roceure coe, e&ennt $s t$e r%/$t to

&%r tr%*, to be )resume %nnocent unt%* conv%cte, to ccess *'yer o& $%s or $er c$o%ce,

n to ))e* conv%ct%ons %n most cses t$t %nvo*ve m=or )en*t%es- T$ese r%/$ts 'erenot res)ecte- +ne*s o& =u/es =u%cte tr%*sH t$ere %s no =ury system %n e%t$er c%v%* or

cr%m%n* courts- 7umn r%/$ts ct%v%sts re)orte tr%*s %n '$%c$ ut$or%t%es ))ere to

$ve eterm%ne t$e ru*%n/s %n vnce n e&ennts % not $ve t$e o))ortun%ty to

con&ront t$e%r ccusers or $ve ccess to /overnment6$e* ev%ence-<4

*'*'1

Suons

Court summons %n Irn re %ssue %n cr%m%n* n c%v%* cses- Accor%n/ to :uery ns'er by t$e

Cn%n IRB 200#3, summons re &re:uent*y use ;s &orm o& $rssment- In recent yers,

$umn r%/$ts e&eners 3, 'omens r%/$ts ct%v%sts, stuents, *bor ct%v%sts, =ourn*%sts,

o))os%t%on )o*%t%c* ct%v%sts n ot$ers $ve rece%ve summons, some o& '$%c$ $ve cont%neno %n&ormt%on bout ny )oss%b*e c$r/es ;A summons %s %ssue by t$e court n &or're by t$e )o*%ce to t$e )erson %n :uest%on

t $%s or $er ress or 'or.%n/ )*ce- 3 T$e summons '%** re:uest t$t t$e )erson %n :uest%on

))er %n court %n t$e ner &uture n %t 's ment%one t$t %n some cses t$%s cou* be '%t$%n

t$ree ys- I& t$e )erson %s )resent, %t %s $ne over to t$e )erson %n :uest%on- 7e or s$e %s /%vent$e or%/%n* summons n must s%/n t$e co)y '$%c$ /oes bc. to t$e court- I& t$e )erson %n

:uest%on %s not )resent, &m%*y member cn rece%ve t$e summons %n $%s or $er )*ce- T$e sme

)roceures &or rece%v%n/ t$e summons ))*y %n t$t t$e &m%*y member s%/ns t$e co)y '$%c$

must /o bc. to t$e court n .ee)s t$e or%/%n*- T$ere re no conse:uences &or t$e &m%*y

member %& t$e ccuse oes not s$o' u) %n court-@

No more recent %n&ormt%on cou* be &oun

concern%n/ t$e %ssunce n e*%very o& summons-

*'*'2

Arrest Procedures

Re/r%n/ t$e )roceure &or %ssunce n e*%very o& n rrest 'rrnt, Irns Cr%m%n* Coe o&

+roceure &or +ub*%c n Revo*ut%onry Courts %nc*ues sever* rt%c*es suc$ s>

;Art%c*e 11# ! Arrest%n/ t$e ccuse %s one by 'rrnt- T$e 'rrnt, '$%c$ %s s%m%*r to

t$e content o& summon *etter, s$ou* be %ssue to t$e ccuse-

4 U( Do(, Countr 6eport on Euman 6ihts +ractices 201 ! Iran, 25 ?une 2015, )- 11-

IRB, Iran/ The circumstances under $hich court summons and "or"eiture documents are issued b courts in"ormation

on bail the circumstances under $hich notices o" conviction are issued b the Islamic 6evolutionar Court the

prevalence o" "ored court documents, @ 8y 200#, (ource> Internt%on* Cm)%/n &or 7umn R%/$ts %n Irn3-5

IRB, Iran/ The circumstances under $hich court summons and "or"eiture documents are issued b courts in"ormation

on bail the circumstances under $hich notices o" conviction are issued b the Islamic 6evolutionar Court the

prevalence o" "ored court documents, @ 8y 200# (ource> Amnesty Internt%on*3-@ Dn%s$ Re&u/ee Counc%*, Iran/ n Conversion to Christianit, Issues concernin 8urds and +ost!200> )lection

+rotestors as $ell as =eal Issues and )it +rocedures, Februry 2014-


19/29


1#"2#

Art%c*e 120 ! T$e 'rrnt o&&%cer '%** %nv%te t$e ccuse to /o '%t$ $%m to t$e =u/e &ter

t$e 'rrnt %s /%ven to $%m- I& t$e ccuse re&uses to /o, t$e o&&%cer '%** rrest $%m n

'%** surrener $%m to t$e =u%c%* ut$or%t%es- T$e $e*) o& ot$er o&&%cers cn be re:ueste

%& nee be- T$ose '$o % n ccuse to ev%n/ rrest '%** be *e/**y cu*)b*e-

Art%c*e 121 ! Arrest%n/ t$e ccuse s$** be one ur%n/ t$e y ece)t %n s)ec%* cses-

Art%c*e 122 ! I& t$e ccuse %s bsent, t$e 'rrnt '%** be /%ven to =u%c%* o&&%cers to rrest

$%m '$erever t$e ccuse %s &oun &or trns&er to t$e =u/e<

-

In )rct%se t$e Irn%n ut$or%t%es o not &o**o' t$e rrest )roceures )rescr%be by t$e *' n

t$ey cont%nue un*'&u**y rrest%n/ Irn%n c%t%ens- An em)*e %s t$e rrest o& ret%re )ro&essor

7osse%n R&%ee '$o 's rreste '%t$out 'rrnt by 8%n%stry o& Inte**%/ence o&&%c%*s on 1@ ?une

2015- 9ter, t$e o&&%c%*s )ressure t$e )rosecutor on uty to %ssue n rrest 'rrnt, eventu**y

/ett%n/ %t on t$e orer o& t$e +rosecutor ener* o& Te$rn

-

A*so, reen 8ovement *eers 8r- 8e$% roub% n 8r- 8%r 7osse%n 8ousv%, *on/ '%t$ 8s-

K$r R$nvr, 8r- 8ousv%


20/29


20"2#

*'*'(

Flogging

$y not nm%n/ &*o//%n/ s 'e**S Is *so &orb%en by rt%c*e 4 o& t$e Euro)en Convent%on on

7umn R%/$ts so %s %m)ortnt %n t$e sy*um ec%s%on m.%n/ )rocess-

Irn 5

3 (eu* O&&ences

• Incest n &orn%ct%on rt- 223

• Au*tery bet'een mrr%e )rt%es %s )un%s$b*e by ston%n/

• 8*e sme se re*t%ons rt- 243- 9esb%ns on*y &ter &ourt$ o&&ence rt- 14@3-

b3 8o$rebe$ rt- 2#6223

c3 Corru)t%on on Ert$ Rebe**%on rt- 2@3- Corru)t%on on ert$ %s e&%ne rt- 2@3>

;Anyboy '$o comm%ts cr%me on n etens%ve *eve* /%nst t$e )$ys%c* %nte/r%ty o&

ot$ers, t$e omest%c or etern* secur%ty, s)res *%es, %sru)ts t$e nt%on* econom%c

system, unert.es rson n estruct%on, %ssem%ntes )o%sonous, m%crob%o*o/%c* n

n/erous substnces, estb*%s$es corru)t%on n )rost%tut%on centres or ss%sts %n

t$em---<Accor%n/ to t$e FID7 re)ort on et$ )en*ty 20143, ;t$%s c$)ter $s beyon oubt e)ne

t$e sco)e o& t$e et$ )en*ty &or ** t$ose '$o re conv%cte o& corru)t%on on ert$<@

-

3 8urer Qess rt- 2@162@23

e3 Ot$er Re*%/%ous O&&ences rt- 2@23

Irn, *on/ '%t$ C$%n, $s t$e $%/$est number o& eecut%ons %n t$e 'or*, n t$e nnu* tot*,

%nc*u%n/ )ub*%c $n/%n/s, $s %ncrese uner 7e o& ?u%c%ry 9r%=n%- Irn %s one o& t$e &e'

countr%es t$t eecutes %n%v%u*s &or cr%mes t$ey comm%tte '$en t$ey 'ere *ess t$n 1 yers

o*- Accor%n/ to t$e UN s)ec%* r))orteur on t$e $umn r%/$ts s%tut%on %n Irn, t *est 52

%n%v%u*s 'ere eecute bet'een ?u*y 2014 n ?une 201

-

T$e UN 7umn R%/$ts Counc%* 7RC3 %n 8rc$ 2015 re)ort, %n%cte t$t t *est 54

%n%v%u*s 'ere eecute %n 201- T$%s re)resents Lt$e $%/$est tot* recore %n t$e )st 12

yersM n L%nc*ues t$e eecut%on o& 25 'omen n 54 )ub*%c eecut%onsM- T$e re)ort ment%ons

t$t ner*y $*& o& ** eecut%ons 'ere &or ru/6re*te cr%mes

- In t$e &%rst $*& o& 2015, t$ere

'ere 544 eecut%ons recore-#

U( Do(, Countr 6eport on Euman 6ihts +ractices 201 ! Iran, 25 ?une 2015-

5 FID7, ?eath +enalt in Iran/ A State Terror +olic, 10 October 2014-

@ FID7, ?eath +enalt in Iran/ A State Terror +olic, 10 October 2014-

Freeom 7ouse, Freedom in the World 2015 & Iran, ?nury 2015-

7umn R%/$ts Counc%*- 6eport o" the Special 6apporteur on the situation o" human rihts in the Islamic 6epublic o"Iran, Ahmed Shaheed, )- 5, 12 8rc$ 2015-#

U FCO, Euman 6ihts and ?emocrac 6eport 201/ Islamic 6epublic o" Iran ! in!ear update ul 2015 , 15 ?u*y 2015-


21/29


21"2#

A$me ($$ee, UN reserc$er, %n re)ort to t$e ener* Assemb*y 2 October 20153

e)resse ee) concerns bout t$e ;*rm%n/ r%se %n eecut%ons %n Irn

;Ever s%nce +res%ent 7ssn Rou$n%


22/29


22"2#

;T$e 8%n%stry o& In&ormt%on n Commun%ct%ons Tec$no*o/y re/u*t%ons )ro$%b%t

$ouse$o*s n cyberc&Vs &rom $v%n/ $%/$6s)ee %nternet ccess, n t$e /overnment

re:u%res cyberc&Vs to %nst** secur%ty cmers n to co**ect users< )erson* %n&ormt%on-

T$e /overnment )er%o%c**y reuce %nternet s)ee to %scour/e o'n*o%n/

mter%*-<#5

T$e Irn%n ut$or%t%es re 'tc$%n/ e*ectron%c mess/es e6m%* n mob%*e tet mess/%n/3 very

c*ose*y- $en =o.es bout Ayto**$ $ome%n%, &ouner o& t$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c, be/n c%rcu*t%n/

%n Irn v% t$e mob%*e )$one ))s $tsA)), Tn/o n %ber, t'e*ve )ersons 'ere rreste

(e)tember 2013- +r%vte mess/es on %ber n $tsA)) cn be mon%tore, %nterce)te n

b*oc.e by t$e Irn


23/29


24"2#

5 In!oration on t#e treatent o! returned !ailed asylu

see"ers'Accor%n/ to 2011 rt%c*e by Irn 7umn R%/$ts I7R3, non6)ro&%t $umn r%/$ts or/n%t%on

bse %n Nor'y, :uote by t$e Cn%n IRB, ;Irn%n ut$or%t%es $ve recent*y s%/n*eJ t$t

Irn%ns '$o $ve sou/$t sy*um bro s$ou* be c$r/e &or %ssem%nt%on o& &*se)ro)/n /%nst t$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn n s$ou*J be )un%s$e &or t$t<

101- Amnesty

Internt%on* 20123 note t$t ;&%*e sy*um see.ers r%s. rrest %& t$ey return to Irn, )rt%cu*r*y

%& &orc%b*y returne, '$ere t$e%r sy*um ))*%ct%on %s .no'n to t$e ut$or%t%es<102

- Amnesty

Internt%on* &urt$er re&ers to ('%ss re)ort :uot%n/ n unnme =u/e>

;Asy*um see.ers re %nterro/te on return, '$et$er or not t$ey $ve been )o*%t%c*

ct%v%sts %n Irn or bro- I& t$ey $ve tr%e to conuct )ro)/n /%nst Irn, t$en

t$ey re cu*)b*e n re et%ne unt%* =u/e ec%es t$e sentence- 3 Returnees '%**

t$ere&ore be $e* &or &e' ys unt%* %t %s c*er to t$e )o*%ce, t$t t$ey $ve not been

%nvo*ve %n )o*%t%c* ct%v%ty- I& t$e )o*%ce cn )rove t$t t$e )erson 's not ct%ve n $s

not one or s% nyt$%n/ t$t cou* m/e t$e re)utt%on o& t$e Is*m%c Re)ub*%c, t$ent$ey re re*ese- I& t$e )erson 's e%t$er )o*%t%c**y ct%ve %n Irn be&ore *ev%n/, or $s

been ct%ve bro, t$ey must be tr%e n rece%ve )un%s$ment ))ro)r%te to t$e%r

ct%v%t%es-104

$o*m$osse%n 8o$sen% E=e$%, )rosecutor ener* n ()o.es)erson &or t$e Irn%n ?u%c%ry,

s% %n 2014> ;I& n %n%v%u* comm%ts cr%me n *eves t$e country IrnJ, or %& $e comm%ts

cr%me /%nst t$e stte bro, s soon s $e returns to t$e country IrnJ, $e '%** be rreste by

t$e =u%c%* system


24/29


2"2#

i&liograp#y

ACCORD Austr%n Centre &or Country o& Or%/%n n Asy*um Reserc$ n Documentt%on3, Iran/

+olitical opposition roups, securit "orces, selected human rihts issues, rule o" la$/ CI

Compilation, ?u*y 2015, $tt)>""'''-re&'or*-or/"country,,ACCORD,,IRN,,55#be,0-$tm*3,

ccesse 40 October 2015-

Amnesty Internt%on*

Iran/ Ealt eecution o" 8urdish man due to be carried out tomorro$ mornin, 25 Au/ust

2015 $tt)s>""'''-mnesty-or/"en"*test"ne's"2015"0"%rn6$*t6eecut%on6o&6.ur%s$6

mn6ue6to6be6crr%e6out6tomorro'6morn%n/"3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

Iran/ 8urdish man eecuted $hile a$aitin appeal o" his death sentence, 2@ Au/ust 2015

$tt)s>""'''-mnesty-or/"en"*test"ne's"2015"0"%rn6.ur%s$6mn6'%t%n/6))e*6

o&6$%s6et$6sentence6eecute"3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

Iran/ 6etired pro"essor (ailed "or $ritin/ Eossein 6a"iee, 20 Au/ust 2015,

$tt)s>""'''-mnesty-or/"en"ocuments"me14"241"2015"en", ccesse 21 October

2015-

Iran/ KWe are ordered to crush ouJ, )pandin repression o" dissent in Iran, 2 Februry

2012, $tt)s>""'''-mnesty-or/"en"ocuments"8DE14"002"2012"en", ccesse 20

October 2015-

A*68on%tor

Iran*s "emale '+s sho$ mied record, 15 8rc$ 2015 $tt)>""'''-*6

mon%tor-com")u*se"or%/%n*s"2015"04"%rn6&em*e6m)s6e*ect%on-$tm*X3, ccesse 21

October 2015-

Iran-s 8urds rise up as their leaders remain divided, 11 8y 2015, $tt)>""'''-*6

mon%tor-com")u*se"or%/%n*s"2015"05"%rn6tur.ey6syr%6.urs6%rn%n6.urs6r%se6

u)-$tm*X3, ccesse 24 October 2015-

BBC

Iran hans Sunni militant leader Abdolmalek 6ii , 20 ?une 2010,

$tt)>""'''-bbc-com"ne's"1045#153, cesse 24 October 2015-

ason 6e7aian trial/ What are Iran*s Islamic 6evolutionar CourtsH, 2@ 8y 2015

$tt)>""'''-bbc-com"ne's"'or*6m%*e6est642#05@5 3, ccesse 11 November 2015-

+ro"ile/ Iran*s undullah militants, 20 ?une 2010,

$tt)>""ne's-bbc-co-u."2"$%"m%*eest"4141-stm3, ccesse 24 October 2015-

CIA Centr* Inte**%/ence A/ency3,

The World Factbook Iran, u)te 2 October 2015,

$tt)s>""'''-c%-/ov"*%brry")ub*%ct%ons"t$e6'or*6&ctboo."/eos"%r-$tm*3, ccesse @

November 2015-


25/29


25"2#

The CIA World Factbook 2015, (.y$orse +ub*%s$%n/, Inc-, November 201-

CFR Counc%* on Fore%/n Re*t%ons3, 'u(ahadeen!e!8hal# 9')8:, 2 ?u*y 201,

$tt)>""'''-c&r-or/"%rn"mu=$een6e6.$*:6me.")#15 3, ccesse 12 November 2015-

CR( Con/ress%on* Reserc$ (erv%ce3, Iran/ ul" Securit and 34S4 +olic , 2 8y 2015,$tt)>""&s-or/"s/)"crs"m%est"R9420-)& 3, ccesse 1# October 2015-

C(I( Center &or (trte/%c Internt%on* (tu%es3, 6eional tensions "ollo$in undullah*s attack

in Iran, 24 October 2015, $tt)>""cs%s-or/"b*o/"re/%on*6tens%ons6&o**o'%n/6=unu**$s6ttc.6%rn3,


Dn%s$ Re&u/ee Counc%*, Iran/ n Conversion to Christianit , Issues concernin 8urds and +ost!

200> )lection +rotestors as $ell as =eal Issues and )it +rocedures , Februry 2014,

$tt)s>""'''-ny%nmr.-."NR"ron*yres"AC2C#61CA#6#D16BA426

EC4E5##D@@D"0"Irnene*%/u/ve-)& 3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

D%*y (tr T$e369ebnon, Iran sas read to pardon hundreds o" eiled dissidents, 1# 8rc$ 201,

$tt)>""'''-%*ystr-com-*b"Ne's"8%*e6Est"201"8r61#"2502@6%rn6sys6rey6to6

)ron6$unres6o&6e%*e6%ss%ents-s$X2'D1c7,, ccesse 12 November 2015-

Encyc*o)e% Br%ttnn%c, Iran, u)te November 2015,

$tt)>""'''-br%tnn%c-com")*ce"Irn 3, ccesse November 2015-

FID7 or*'%e 8ovement &or 7umn R%/$ts3 ?eath +enalt in Iran/ A State Terror +olic , 10

October 2014, $tt)s>""'''-&%$-or/"en"re/%on"s%"%rn"et$6)en*ty6%n6%rn66stte6terror6

)o*%cy61053, ccesse 22 October 2015-

Freeom 7ouse,

Freedom in the World 201B ! Iran, n-- $tt)s>""&reeom$ouse-or/"re)ort"&reeom6

'or*"2014"Irn3, ccesse 20 October 2015

Freedom in the World 2015 & Iran, ?nury 2015,

$tt)s>""&reeom$ouse-or/"re)ort"&reeom6'or*"2015"%rn3, ccesse 40 October

2015-

*ob* (ecur%ty,

8urdish ?emocratic +art o" Iran 98?+I:, n--

$tt)>""'''-/*ob*secur%ty-or/"m%*%try"'or*")r".)%-$tm, ccesse 1# October 2015-

+?A"+E?A, n-- $tt)>""'''-/*ob*secur%ty-or/"m%*%try"'or*")r")=.-$tm 3,

ccesse November 2015-

T$elvers % Ithna Ashari Islam, n-- $tt)>""'''-/*ob*secur%ty-or/"m%*%try"%ntro"%s*m6

%t$n6s$r%-$tm3, ccesse @ November 2015-

ur%n T$e3,


26/29


2@"2#

Iran*s 6ouhani ured to release student activist Dahareh Eedaat , 1@ (e)tember 2015,

$tt)>""'''-t$e/ur%n-com"'or*"2015"se)"1@"%rns6rou$n%6ur/e6to6re*ese6

stuent6ct%v%st6b$re$6$eyt3, ccesse 21 October 2015-

;""'''-o$c$r-or/"Documents"Countr%es"IR"A67RC6226

5@en-)& 3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

6eport o" the Special 6apporteur on the situation o" human rihts in the Islamic 6epublic

o" Iran, Ahmed Shaheed , 12 8rc$ 2015,

$tt)>""'''-re&'or*-or/"oc%"550&&1#c-$tm*,3 ccesse 22 October 2015-

7R 7umn R%/$ts tc$3, Iran/ S$eepin Arrests o" Ah$a7i Arab Activists, 2# A)r%* 2015,

$tt)s>""'''-$r'-or/"ne's"2015"0"2#"%rn6s'ee)%n/6rrests6$'%6rb6ct%v%sts3, ccesse

21 October 2015-

I7RDC Irn 7umn R%/$ts Documentt%on Center3,

)nlish Translation o" Dooks I < II o" the @e$ Islamic +enal Code, A)r%* 201,

$tt)>""'''-%rn$rc-or/"en/*%s$"$umn6r%/$ts6ocuments"%rn%n6coes"1000000556

en/*%s$6trns*t%on6o&6boo.s616n626o&6t$e6ne'6%s*m%c6)en*6coe-$tm* 3, ccesse 11

November 2015-

)nlish Translation o" the Islamic 6epublic o" Iran*s Criminal Code o" +rocedure "or +ublic

and 6evolutionar Courts, 9 $tt)>""'''-%rn$rc-or/"en/*%s$"$umn6r%/$ts6

ocuments"%rn%n6coes"100000002@6en/*%s$6trns*t%on6o&6t$e6%s*m%c6re)ub*%c6o&6

%rns6cr%m%n*6coe6o&6)roceure6&or6)ub*%c6n6revo*ut%onry6courts-$tm*3, ccesse 21

October 2015-

n the 'arins/ Arrest, Imprisonment and )ecution o" 8urdish Activists in Iran Toda, 11

A)r%* 2012, $tt)>""'''-%rn$rc-or/"en/*%s$")ub*%ct%ons"re)orts"10000000#6on6t$e6

mr/%ns6rrest6%m)r%sonment6n6eecut%on6o&6.ur%s$6ct%v%sts6%n6%rn6

toy-$tm*X-TY799+8A3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

The Constitution o" the Islamic 6epublic o" Iran,

$tt)>""'''-%rn$rc-or/"en/*%s$"en/*%s$"$umn6r%/$ts6ocuments"%rn%n6coes"4016

t$e6const%tut%on6o&6t$e6%s*m%c6re)ub*%c6o&6%rn-$tm* 3

Internt%on* Cm)%/n &or 7umn R%/$ts %n Irn,

Ailin Student Activist-s Continued ?etention Giolates Iran-s $n =a$s, 14 Au/ust 2015,

$tt)>""'''-%rn$umnr%/$ts-or/"2015"0"b$re$6$eyt62", ccesse 20 October

2015-


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2"2#

Intellience 'inistr 6evie$s cases o" Iranian )pats "or 6eturn, 2# ?nury 201,

$tt)>""'''-%rn$umnr%/$ts-or/"201"01"e)t6return", ccesse 20 October 2015-

Irn Focus,

Arrested civil activists in Iran-s prisons le"t in limbo, 1@ (e)tember 2015,

$tt)>""'''-%rn&ocus-com"en"%ne-)$)So)t%onZcomcontentv%e'Zrt%c*e%Z402@ct%Z@Item%Z1113, ccesse 21 October 2015-

'ember o" )uropean +arliament call "or end to eecutions in Iran, 0 October 2015,

$tt)>""'''-eco%-net"*oc**%n."414020"444en-$tm*, ccesse 22 October 2015-

Irn Trve* In&ormt%on Forum, Iranian provinces m)J, 200@,

$tt)>""nobn%n%-com"&orum")%c"%rn6m)"%rn6)rov%nce6m)602-=)/3, ccesse 12 November

2015-

Irn ()ectrum, +olitical +arties in the Islamic 6epublic o" Iran, 1 ?u*y 2012,

$tt)>""'''-%rnrev%e'-or/"content"Irn()ectrum"+o*%t%c*6+rt%es6%n6t$e6Is*m%c6Re)ub*%c6o&6Irn6A6($ort6Rev%e'-$tm3, ccesse 1# October 2015-

Irn%re, Authorities Arrest Tehran .oun +eople Who +roduced KEappJ Gideo Clip, 20 8y

201, $tt)>""en-%rn'%re-com"&etures"5", ccesse 21 October 2015-

Ir: Ne's 8on%tor, 8urdistan ?emocratic +art!Iran has split , December 200@

$tt)>""%r:ne'smon%tor-b*o/s)ot-com-mt"200@"12".ur%stn6emocrt%c6)rty6%rn6$s-$tm*3,

ccesse 14 November 2015-

IRB Imm%/rt%on n Re&u/ee Bor o& Cn3,

Irn> The circumstances under $hich court summons and "or"eiture documents are issued

b courts in"ormation on bail the circumstances under $hich notices o" conviction are

issued b the Islamic 6evolutionar Court the prevalence o" "ored court documents, @

8y 200#, $tt)>""'''-re&'or*-or/"oc%"bceee1e-$tm*3, ccesse 20 October

2015-

Irn> Treatment b Iranian authorities o" "ailed re"uee claimants and "amil members o"

persons $ho have le"t Iran and claimed re"uee status 92011!Februar 2015:, 10 8rc$

2015, $tt)>""'''-re&'or*-or/"oc%"551e51e-$tm*, ccesse 21 October 2015-

Is*m%c Re)ub*%c o& Irn, Constitution, n-- $tt)>""'''-%rnon*%ne-com"%rn"%rn6%n&o"/overnment"const%tut%on-$tm*3, ccesse 21 October 2015-

D+I Democrt%c +rty o& Irn%n ur%stn3,

About , n-- $tt)>"").%-or/"en/*%s$"bout", ccesse 1# October 2015-

A Drie" Dioraph o" 'usta"a Ei(ri , n-- $tt)>"").%-or/"en/*%s$"6br%e&6b%o/r)$y6o&6

must&6$%=r%"3, ccesse 14 November 2015-

ur%stn 7umn R%/$ts Net'or., Iran sentences 8urdish student to "our ears in prison, 1#

October 2015- $tt)>"".ur%stn$umnr%/$ts-or/"%rn6sentences6.ur%s$6stuent6to6&our6yers6%n6)r%son", ccesse 20 October 2015-


28/29


2"2#

9n%n&o, DRC Dn%s$ Re&u/ee Counc%*3 n DI( Dn%s$ Imm%/rt%on (erv%ce3,

Iranian 8urds ! n Conditions "or Iranian 8urdish +arties in Iran and 86I, Activities in the

8urdish Area o" Iran, Conditions in Dorder Area and Situation o" 6eturnees "rom 86I to

Iran, B0 'a to > une 201B, (e)tember 2014$tt)>""'''-ny%nmr.-."NR"ron*yres"D2120CB64D6##26AB56

#1@C22@#"0"&ct&%n%n/%rn%n.urs2014-)& 3, ccesse 1# October 2015-

n Conversion to Christianit, Issues concernin 8urds and +ost!200> )lection +rotestors

as $ell as =eal Issues and )it +rocedures, oint report "rom the ?anish Immiration

Service, the @or$eian =A@?I@F and ?anish 6e"uee Council-s "act!"indin mission to

Tehran, Iran, Ankara, Turke and =ondon, 3nited 8indom, > @ovember to 20 @ovember

2012 and anuar to > anuar 201B, Februry 2014

$tt)s>""'''-ny%nmr.-."NR"ron*yres"AC2C#61CA#6#D16BA426

EC4E5##D@@D"0"Irnene*%/u/ve-)& 3, ccesse 40 October 2015-

8%*e Est Eye, killed in clashes bet$een Iranian 6evolutionar uards and 8urdish roup,

(e)tember 2015, $tt)>""'''-m%*eesteye-net"ne's"&our6.%**e6c*s$es6bet'een6%rn%n6

revo*ut%onry6/urs6n6)=.620@0#503, ccesse 24 October 2015-

8ERI+ 8%*e Est Reserc$ n In&ormt%on +ro=ect3, 'a(or 8urdish rani7ations in Iran, n--

$tt)>""'''-mer%)-or/"mer"mer11"m=or6.ur%s$6or/n%t%ons6%rn-3, ccesse 24 October

2015-

NCRI Nt%on* Counc%* o& Res%stnce o& Irn3,

The +eople-s 'o(ahedin rani7ation o" Iran, $tt)>""'''-ncr6%rn-or/"en")mo%6me.3,ccesse 1# October 2015-

Iran ! )ecution o" +'I%')8 Activist holamre7a 8hosravi , 1 ?une 201,

$tt)>""'''-ncr6%rn-or/"en"ncr%6sttements"%rn6res%stnce"1@@246%rn6eecut%on6o&6

)mo%6ct%v%st6/$o*mre6.$osrv%3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

O)ennet In%t%t%ve, A"ter the reen 'ovement/ Internet Controls in Iran & 200> & 2012, Februry

2014, $tt)s>""o)ennet-net"s%tes"o)ennet-net"&%*es"%rnre)ort-)& , ccesse 20 October 2015-

Re)orters (ns Front%Wres, Iran ! @e$ arbitrar sentence "or Facebook user $ho escaped death

penalt , 2 October 2015, $tt)>""'''-eco%-net"*oc**%n."4124"4@##en-$tm*3, ccesse 21October 2015-

Re)orters %t$out Borers,

Iran, n-- $tt)>""surve%**nce-rs&-or/"en"%rn", ccesse 20 October 2015-

Intellient "ilterin and o!ahead "or Ealal Internet , # (e)tember 2015,

$tt)>""'''-re&'or*-or/"oc%"55&2b0ce0b-$tm3, ccesse 20 October 2015-

@e$ arbitrar sentence "or Facebook user $ho escaped death penalt , 2 October 2015,

$tt)>""'''-eco%-net"*oc**%n."4124"4@##en-$tm*, ccesse 21 October 2015-


29/29


The enemies o" Internet ! Iran, n-- $tt)>""surve%**nce-rs&-or/"en"%rn"3, ccesse 20

October 2015-

T$elve arrested over mobile phone massae content, # October 201,

$tt)>""en-rs&-or/"%rn6t'e*ve6rreste6over6mob%*e6)$one60#6106201,00-$tm*3,


RUDA, 8?+I leader/ Iran is a"raid- o" 8urdish aspirations, 24 8y 2015,

$tt)>""ru'-net"en/*%s$".ur%stn"240520153, ccesse 24 October 2015-

Terror%sm Reserc$ n An*ys%s Consort%um, +art o" Free =i"e o" 8urdistan 9+A8:, n--

$tt)>""'''-trc.%n/terror%sm-or/"/rou)")rty6&ree6*%&e6.ur%stn6)=.3, ccesse 12 November

2015-

U 7ome O&&%ce,

Iran Countr o" riin In"ormation report , 2@ (e)tember 2014,$tt)>""'''-eco%-net"&%*eu)*o"122@1401452%rnre)ort60#14-)& 3, ccesse 1#

October 2015-

Countr In"ormation and uidance Iran/ 8urds, Au/ust 2015,

$tt)s>""'''-eco%-net"&%*eu)*o"#0100550u.$omeo&&%ce201506c%/6%rn6

.urs-)& 3, ccesse 12 November 2015-

U FCO Fore%/n n Common'e*t$ O&&%ce3, Euman 6ihts and ?emocrac 6eport 201/ Islamic

6epublic o" Iran, 15 ?u*y 2015, $tt)>""'''-eco%-net"*oc**%n."41155"45@en-$tm*, ccesse

22 October 2015-

U( Do( U( De)rtment o& (tte3, Countr 6eport on Euman 6ihts +ractices 201 ! Iran, 25 ?une

2015, $tt)>""'''-eco%-net"*oc**%n."40@2@@"2#@5en-$tm*, ccesse 1# October 2015-

U(I+ Un%te (ttes Inst%tute o& +ece3,

Iran-s .outh/ The protests are not ver , ?une 2010,

$tt)>""'''-us%)-or/"s%tes"e&u*t"&%*es"resources")b4@0-)& 3, ccesse 1# October

2015-

The Iran +rimer & The +arliament , u)te Au/ust 2015,

$tt)>""%rn)r%mer-us%)-or/"resource")r*%ment3, ccesse 12 November 2015-