IPCOWALA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGYSTUDY OF COLDSTARTING PROBLEM IN SCOOTY PEP+

Submitted by,• Shah Deep (121010102011)• Chauhan Rahul (121010102033)• Mominsuthar Sahirmohmad (121010102044)• Parmar Jayveersinh (121010102048)

Guided By,Prof. Ritesh kumar Ranjan

OUTLINE• INTRODUCTION

• PROBLEM DEFINITION

• COLD STARTING

• INTRODUCTION – COLD STARTING

• EFFECT OF COLD STARTING

• LITERATURE REVIEW

• DIFFERENT SOLUTION OF COLD STARTING

• MATERIAL COATING AS SOLUTION

• MPFI SYSTEM AS SOLUTION

• MPFI WORKING RELATED TO COLD STARTING

• ADVANTAGES FOR IMPLIMENTATION

INTRODUCTION• Scooty pap+ is the vehicle of TVS Motors which is specially design

for girls and old people.• This vehicle is light weighted vehicle and easy to handle.• In this vehicle it have 4-stroke 88-CC air cooled petrol engine which

generate 5.8 N-m max. torque and 3.68 kW max. power.• It have digital DC CDI ignition system.• It has automatic CVT automatic transmission system

PROBLEM DEFINATION

• This TVS Scooty Pep+ is very good Scooty in the range of 80-90 CC engines.

• But there is some major problem is occur in this Scooter which faced by consumer.

• Major problem is cold starting. The vehicle cannot able to start in cold season or at when the temperature is very low.

• The other problem is occur in this Scooter is overheat.

COLD STARTING PROBLEM

COLD STARTING• Cold start is an attempt to start a vehicle’s engine when it is cold, relative to it

normal operating temperature.• Cold start situation is commonplace, as weather conditions in most climates

will naturally be at lower temperature than typical operating temperature of an engine.

• In case of two wheeler vehicle, vehicle needs to start manually with the use of KICK.

• Multiple reasons for cold starting are,• The engine compression is higher as lack of the heat make ignition more difficult

• Low temperature cause engine oil to become more viscous, making it more difficult to circulate.

EFFECT ON COLD STARTING

• Due to the cold start problem, consumer have to do more effort to start the vehicle.• Due to Cold starting problem it produce more toxic

exhaust gases like Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Hydro-Carbon (HC) etc.• It produce more hydro-carbons due to incombustible

fuels.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Author Definition Abstract Conclusion

Andrew Roberts,

Richard Brooks,

Philip Shipway

Internal combustion engine cold-start efficiency: A review of the problem, causes and potential solutions

• The thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine is significantly lower at cold start than when the vehicle reaches steady state temperatures owing to sub-optimal lubricant and component temperatures.

• The approaches have a common theme of attempting to reduce energy losses so that systems and components reach their intended operating temperature range as soon as possible after engine start.

• Through this review, it can be seen that the issue of internal combustion engine cold-start efficiency is one that has attracted a great deal of attention.

• It can be seen that there are noticeable improvements to be had in both fuel consumption and emissions as a direct result of improving the cold start performance of the internal combustion engine.

Author Definition Abstract Conclusion

Yong-shik Chong,

Jun-ha Hwang,

Jong-cheol Kim

A Study of Method to Solve Cold-Start Problem in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

• The Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) has the problem of starting the fuel cells in winter because of the water that generated from the cells.

• Therefore, cold-start is hot issue of the FCEV and the car makers are using several methods.

• Using the inverter and traction motor system of the vehicle, the fuel cell stack increases the temperature of the coolant.

• Cold-start logic for LMFC Pilot vehicle that had a serious problem has been confirmed through the infrared and vehicle tests.

• As the current is concentrated to only one phase of power module because of the characteristic of the cold-start logic, it would be likely to destroy the power module with very high rate of probability.

Author Definition Abstract Conclusion

Matthew S. Reiter

Kara M. Kockelman

THE PROBLEM OF COLD STARTS: A CLOSER LOOK AT MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS LEVELS

• Starting emissions are consistently found to make up a high proportion of total transportation-related methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

• After three to four minutes of vehicle operation, both the engine coolant and the catalytic converter have generally warmed, and emissions are significantly lower.

This paper synthesizes a variety of current knowledge about cold start emissions for motor vehicles. Simulations performed using EPA’s MOVES program suggests that, regardless of geographic location or time of year, CH4, N2O, and VOC constitute a significant cost of cold engine starts. Looking toward the future, the same top pollutants continue to appear, but absolute levels of emissions decline substantially. Other potential sources of vehicle power, such as electricity, are undergoing their own sharp reductions in pollutant emissions. This could have major implications for the future of transportation.

SOLUTION OF COLD STARTING PROBLEM

• We can reduce the cold starting problems by some methods as like, • MPFI System• Connecting external Heater• Material Coating• Additional Starter Motor• Installing Glow-Plug

MATERIAL COATING

• Coatings serve to insulate components from large and prolonged heat loads by utilizing thermally insulating materials which can sustain an appreciable temperature difference between the load-bearing alloys and the coating surface.

• Coatings can allow for higher operating temperatures while limiting the thermal exposure of structural components, its part life can be extend by reducing oxidation and thermal fatigue.

MATERIAL COATING

Benefits:• Maximum resistance to wear.• By coating different parts its life increase, but it’s not

only increase life of coated parts but entire elements subject to (piston rings, rider rings and packing rings) because they operate under optimum conditions.

• Maintenance of the different coated parts will decrease, and lower operating costs.

DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED IN COATING

• There are many materials for coating of the different parts of the engine. Some of the materials are as follows.

1. Tungsten carbide coatings

2. plasma-aided titanium nitride coatings

3. Nickel coatings

4. Titanium Oxide OR Titanium Di-oxide.

EXTERNAL HEATERS AS SOLUTION

• A block heater warms an engine to increase the chances that the engine will start as well as warm up the vehicle faster than it normally would in extremely cold weather.

• The most common type is an electric heating element in the cylinder block, connected through a power cord often routed through the vehicle's grille.

• Block heaters that run on the vehicle's own gasoline or diesel fuel supply are also available; these do not require an external power source.

• The coolant is heated and circulated, usually by thermo-siphon, through the engine and the vehicle's heater core.

• Heaters are also available for engine oil so that warm oil can quickly circulate throughout the engine during start up

M.P.F.I. SYSTEMMULTI POINT FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM• The MPFI system consists of sensors which detect the engine

condition, the ENGINE-ECU which controls the system based on signals from these sensors, an actuators which operates under the control of ENGINE-ECU.

• The ENGINE-ECU carries out activities such as fuel injection control, ideal air control and ignition timing control.

• In addition, the ENGINE-ECU is equipped with a number of diagnostic test modes which simplify troubleshooting when a problem develops.

HOW MPFI WORKS FOR COLD STARTING PROBLEM

• As we seen earlier ENGINE-ECU detect all the data related the engine as like coolant temperature, engine temperature, engine speed, air intake pressure, air intake temperature etc. by calculation of all data it determine that how much fuel and air pressure, air-fuel ratio needed to start the engine at cold atmosphere.

• With the use of this system we can reduce the emission of the Hydrocarbon, Carbon Monoxide, NOx .

ADVANTAGES

• By installing MPFI system the problem is cold starting is solved.• Emission of Hydro-Carbon, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides will

be reduce.• Proper ignition is done of the fuels.• By implement of this system in the Scooty Pep+, it would be

greater step for gain good reputation of this Scooty and it will be best Scooty in its section.

REFERENCE

• Internal combustion engine cold-start efficiency: A review of the problem, causes and potential solutions by Andrew Roberts, Richard Brooks, Philip Shipway

• THE PROBLEM OF COLD STARTS: 2 A CLOSER LOOK AT MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS LEVELS by Matthew S. Reiter Kara M. Kockelman

• A Study of Method to Solve Cold-Start Problem in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle by Yong-shik Chong, Jun-ha Hwang, Jong-cheol Kim

• Cold Starting of IC Engines by R.B. Gupta

THANK YOU