collective efficacy and violence in selected miami-dade neighborhoods preliminary evidence national...
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Collective Efficacy and Violence in Selected Miami-Dade Neighborhoods
Preliminary Evidence
National Neighborhood Indicators PartnershipOakland, CA
October 21, 2010
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Overview
• Project Background and Expectations
• Methodology• Study Areas• Initial (Curious)
Findings• Next Steps
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Racial / Ethnic
Segregation Miami-Dade
County, Florida
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Project Background Neighborhood violence – youth homicides
Multi-year research – JSS & The Trust
Based on theory of collective efficacyLinkage of mutual trust and willingness to
intervene for common good without necessity of strong personal ties
Address gaps in social disorg/capital theoriesBuild on multi-year Project on Human
Development (Chicago)
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Miami-Dade County
Homicides2004-2008
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Project Expectations
Shed new light on youth violence
Establish baseline with spatial analysis
Test theory of collective efficacy
Provide information for resource targeting
Provide analytic support to foster solutions
and guide violence prevention work
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Study Methodology Three components:
Socio-economic risk factors for crime collected and mapped
Violent hotspots mapped using income and data on homicides and 911 calls re aggravated assaults, robberies
Collective efficacy measured by direct observations and door-to-door surveys
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Miami-Dade County
Violence HotspotAnalysis
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Miami-Dade County
Violence HotspotIndex
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Study Area – Bunche Park Visual Assessments and Documentation - CPTED
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Study Area – Liberty City
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Initial Findings – Survey Measures• Social Cohesion (11 items):
degree of connectedness to neighborhoods and each other
– “good area to raise children” and “people here are generally friendly”
• Social Control (6 items): likelihood neighbors would get involved when government fails to meet its obligations
– likelihood of neighbor doing something if “a large pothole on street needed repair” or “city planned to cut funding to your community center”
• Intervene (12 items): extent neighbors would intervene to help solve neighborhood problems
– likelihood of neighbor intervening if “someone was trying to break into a house” or “suspicious people hanging around the street” or “people having a loud argument in street”
• Collective Efficacy (29): integrates all prior items into a unified scale representing all 3 dimensions
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Initial Findings: Survey Respondents
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Initial FindingsLiberty City reported
significantly higher levels of:– social cohesion– social control– collective efficacy
as well as lower:– fear of crime– perceived
incivilities than Bunche Park
• Across both communities, these variables were significantly related to collective efficacy:
• Directly:– Education level– Satisfaction with
police services– Homeownership
• Inversely:– Perceived incivilities
in neighborhood
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Next Steps Select six more neighborhoods with variety of characteristics to conduct and compare observations and surveys
Integrate other data into the analysis, including violent crime and systematic social observations
Determine where community groups and individuals have effects on crime
Involve neighborhoods in future design / discussion to support work, contribute to positive change
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That's All for Now!Contact me with questions or ideas:Lisa Pittman, [email protected]
Thanks to JSS researchers:–Craig Uchida, [email protected]–Shellie Solomon, [email protected]–Christine Connor, [email protected]–Corry Putt, [email protected]