colt's manufacturing company

8/13/2019 Colt's Manufacturing Company

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Colt's Manufacturing Company

Colt's Manufacturing Company

Type Private

Industry Defense

Founded 1836

Founder(s) Samuel Colt

Headquarters West Hartford, Connecticut,USA

Products Firearms,weapons

Revenue

Employees ~ (2004)

Website www.coltsmfg.com

Colt's Manufacturing Company(CMC, formerly Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company)is aUnited Statesfirearms manufacturer, whose first predecessor corporation was founded in 1836bySamuel Colt.Colt is best known for the engineering, production, and marketing of firearms overthe later half of the 19th and the 20th century. Colt's earliest designs played a major role in the

popularization of therevolver and the shift away from earlier single-shot pistols. While Sam Colt didnot invent the revolver concept, his designs resulted in the first very successful ones.

The most famous Colt products include theWalker Colt,Single Action Army or Peacemaker, and theColt Python.John Browning worked for Colt for a time, and came up with a design for asemiautomatic pistol,which debuted as theColt M1900 pistol and eventually evolved into the ColtM1911 pistol. Though they did not develop it, for a long time Colt was primarily responsible for allM16 rifle production, as well as of many derivative firearms. The most successful and famous ofthese are numerous M16 carbines, including theColt Commando family, and theM4 carbine.
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In 2002,Colt Defense was split off from Colt's Manufacturing Company. Colt Manufacturing Companynow serves the civilian market, while Colt Defense serves the law enforcement, military, and privatesecurity markets worldwide.

History19th century

1830s1850sSamuel Colt received a British patent on his improved design for a revolver in1835,[1]and two U.S. patents in 1836, one on February 25 (later numberedU.S.Patent 9430X)and another on August 29 (U.S. Patent 1,304).

That same year, he founded his first corporation for its manufacture, the Patent ArmsManufacturing Companyof Paterson, New Jersey, Colt's Patent.[2]This corporation sufferedquality problems in production. Making firearms withinterchangeable parts was still rather new (it hadreached commercial viability only about a decade before), and it was not yet easy to replicate acrossdifferent factories. Interchangeability was not complete in the Paterson works, and traditionalgunsmithing techniques did not fill the gap entirely there. TheColt Paterson revolver found patchysuccess and failure; some worked well, while others had problems. TheUnited States Marine CorpsandUnited States Army reported quality problems with these earliest Colt revolvers.[2][3]Productionhad ended at the New Jersey corporation by 1842.[2]

Colt made another attempt at revolver production in 1846 and submitted a prototype to the US

government. During theMexicanAmerican War (18461848), this prototype was seen by CaptainSamuel Hamilton Walkerwho made some suggestions to Colt about making it in a larger caliber.Having no factory or machinery to produce the pistols, Samuel Colt collaboratedwith the Whitney armory of Whitneyville, Connecticut.[2]Whitney armory was run bythe family ofEli Whitney.Eli Whitney Jr (born 1820), the son of the cotton-gin-developer patriarch, was the head of the family armory and a successful armsmaker and innovator of the era. Colt used a combination of renting the Whitneyfirm's facilities and subcontracting parts to the firm to continue his pursuit ofrevolver manufacture.[4]

Colt's new revolvers found favor with Texan volunteers (the progenitors of laterTexas Rangerscavalry groups), and they placed an order for 1,000 revolvers that became known as theWalker Colt,ensuring Colt's continuance in manufacturing revolvers.[3]In 1848, Colt was able to start again with a

new corporation of his own. He founded the Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Companyin Hartford, Connecticut.

[2]
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Colt's Armory from an 1857 engraving viewed from the East

Colt purchased a large tract of land beside theConnecticut River,where he built his first factory in1848, a larger factory called theColt Armory in 1855, a manor that he calledArmsmear in 1856, andemployee tenemant housing.[2]He established a ten-hour day for employees, installed washingstations in the factory, mandated a one-hour lunch break, and built the Charter Oak Hall, a club whereemployees could enjoy games, newspapers, and discussion rooms. Colt ran his plant with a military-

like discipline, he would fire workers for tardiness, sub-par work or even suggesting improvements tohis designs.

In an attempt to attract skilled German workers to his plant, Colt built a village near the factory awayfrom the tenemants which he named Coltsville and modeled the homes after a village in Pottsdam. Inan effort to stem the flooding from the river he planted Germanosiers,a type of willow tree in a 2-milelong dike. He subsequently built a factory to manufacture wicker furniture made from these trees.

The 1850s were a decade of phenomenal success for the new Colt corporation. Coltwas the first to widely commercialize the total use of interchangeable partsthroughout a product and use theassembly line.[5]It was a major innovator and trainingground in manufacturing technology in this decade (and several after).[6]Soon after establishing hisHartford factory, Colt set out to establish a factory in Europe and chose London, England. Heorganized a large display of his firearms at theGreat Exhibition of 1851 atHyde Park, London andingratiated himself by presenting cased engraved Colt revolvers to such appropriate officials asBritains Master General of the Ordnance.[7]At one exhibit Colt disassembled ten guns andreassembled ten guns using different parts from different guns. As the worlds leading proponent ofmass production techniques, Colt went on to deliver a lecture on the subject to theInstitute of CivilEngineers in London.[8]The membership rewarded his efforts by awarding him theTelford GoldMedal.

[9]

Colt's presence in the British market caused years of acrimony and lawsuits among British arms

makers, who doubted the validity of Colt's British patent and the desirability of theAmerican system ofmanufacturing.It took many more years and a UK government commission before the point becameuniversally accepted that such manufacture was possible and economical.

[10]Colt opened his London

plant on theThames River and began production on January 1, 1853.[11]the English saw Coltsadvanced steampowered machinery as proof of Americas growing position as a leader in modernindustrial production.

[11]On a tour of the factory, Charles Dickens was so impressed with the facilities

that he recorded his favorable comments of Colt's revolvers in an 1852 edition ofHouseholdWords.[12]Most significant, the Colt factorys machines mass-produced interchangeable parts thatcould be easily and cheaply put together on assembly lines using standardized patterns and gaugesby unskilled labor as opposed to England's top gunmakers.

[13]
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In 1854 the British Admiralty ordered 4,000 Navy Model Colt revolvers.[14]In 1855 the British Armyplaced an order for 5,000 of these revolvers for army issue.[14]Despite a following order later in theyear for an additional 9,000 revolvers, Colt failed to convince the British to adopt his revolver as theissue sidearm for the army.

[14]Colt began to realize that British sales were failing to meet his

expectations. Unable to justify the London factorys expenses, Colt closed the London factory in1856. Over the next few months his workmen crated and shipped the machinery and unassembledfirearms back to America.

[10]

Though the U.S. was not directly involved in theCrimean War (18541856), Colt's weapons wereused by both sides. In 1855 Colt unveiled new state-of-the-art armories in the Hartford and Londonfactories stocked with the latestmachine tools (some of which were of Colt's devising), many built by

Francis A. Pratt andAmos Whitney,who would found the originalPratt & Whitneytoolbuilding firm a few years later.For example, theLincoln miller debuted to industry at thesearmories.[6]

Colt had set up libraries and educational programs within the plants for his employees.[15]

Colt'sarmories in Hartford were seminal training grounds for several generations oftoolmakers and othermachinists,who had great influence in other manufacturing efforts of the next half century.[6][10]

Prominent examples included F. Pratt and A. Whitney (as mentioned above);HenryLeland (who would end up at Cadillac and Lincoln); Edward Bullard Sr of theBullard firm; and, through Pratt & Whitney,Worcester R. Warner andAmbroseSwasey (ofWarner & Swasey).

In 1860 Colt produced a new revolver model for theUnited States Army.[16]

ThisColt Army Model1860 appeared just in time for theAmerican Civil War.

18601865: American Civil WarTheAmerican Civil War was a boon to firearms manufacturers such as Colt's and the companythrived during the conflict. Sam Colt had carefully developed contacts within the ordnance departmentsigning the very first government contract for 25,000 rifles. Colt's Factory was described as "anindustrial palace topped by a blue dome" and powered by a 250-horsepower steam engine.[14]DuringtheAmerican Civil War Colt had 1,500 employees who produced 150,000 muskets and pistols a year.In 1861 and 1863 the company sold 107,000 of theColt Army Model 1860,alone, with production

reaching 200,500 by the end of the war in 1865.[17][18]

In 1855 an employee of Colt's,Rollin White,came up with the idea of having the revolver cylinder bored through to accept metallic cartridges. Hetook this idea to Colt who flatly rejected it and ended up firing White within a few years .

[19]Colt

historian RL Wilson has described this as the major blunder of Sam Colt's professional life.[20]

The Civil War made a huge fortune for the company, becoming America's first manufacturing tycoon,but Sam Colt did not live to see the end of it. He died of rheumatic fever on January 10, 1862 and his

close friend and firearms engineer,Elisha K. Root,took over as Colt's company president. OnFebruary 4, 1864 a fire destroyed most of the factory including arms, machinery, plans, and factoryrecords.[21]On September1, 1865 Root died leaving the company in the hands of Samuel Colt's

brother-in-law,Richard Jarvis.[22]The company's Vice-president wasWilliam B. Franklin,whorecently left the Army at the end of the Civil War. With the Civil War over and no new militarycontracts Colt's Manufacturing had to lay off over 800 employees.

[23]
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The company found itself in a precarious situation, the original revolver patents had expired and other

companies could produce copies of his designs. Additionally, metallic cartridge revolvers hadbeen gaining in popularity, but Colt could not produce any because of theRollinWhite patent held by rival,Smith & Wesson.Likewise, Colt had been so protective of its ownpatents that other companies were unable to make revolvers similar to their design. As the RolinWhite patent was nearing expiration, Colt moved toward developing a metallic cartridge revolver.[24]

18651880s: PostCivil War

Factory-engraved Colt SAA

In November 1865, Franklin attempted to purchase a license to the Rollin Whitepatent from competitorSmith & Wesson.White and Smith & Wesson would take noless than $1.1 million, but Franklin and Colt's directors decided it was too large aninvestment on a patent that would expire in 1868.[24]In the meantime, Colt turned itsattention to manufacturing goods other than firearms, such as watches, sewingmachines, typewriters and bicycles.

Colt's first effort toward a metallic cartridge revolver was by conversion of existing percussion

revolvers. The first of these conversions was patented on September 15, 1868 by Coltengineer, F. Alexander Thuer as patent number 82258. The Thuer conversion wasmade by milling off the rear of the receiver and replacing it with a breechplatecontaining six internal firing pins. The cartridges were loaded through the mouthsof the chambers. Colt made 5000 of these but they were not well accepted. Colt found themechanism so complex it included a spare percussion cylinder with each revolver.

[23]

Colt tasked its superintendent of engineering,Charles Richards,to come up with a solution. TheRichards conversion was performed on theColt 1860 Army revolver. The caliber was.44 Colt and theloading lever was replaced by an ejector rod. This conversion added a breechplate with a firing pinand a rear sight mounted on the breechplate. Cartridges were loaded into the cylinder one at a timevia a loading gate. Colt manufactured 9000 of these revolvers between 1873 and 1878. In 1873, Coltperformed the same conversion on the M1851 and M1861 revolvers for the US Navy in .38 rimfire .[27]

Another of Colt's engineers,William Mason,improved this conversion by placing the rear sight onthe hammer and, along with Richards, he was granted patents in 1871 to convert percussionrevolvers into rear-loading metallic-cartridge revolvers. Those converted revolvers are identified as
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the "Richards-Mason conversion".There were approximately 2100 Richards-Mason M1860Army conversions made from 1877 to 1878 in a serial-number range 5800 to 7900.

[28]

After working on these conversions, Mason began work on Colt's first metallic-cartridge revolver in1871: the Colt open-top revolver. This was a completely new design and the parts would notinterchange with the older percussion pistols. Mason moved the rear sight to the rear of the barrel asopposed to the hammer or the breechblock of the earlier efforts. The caliber was .44 rimfire and itwas submitted to theUS Army for testing in 1872. The Army rejected the pistol and asked for a more

powerful caliber with a stronger frame. Mason redesigned the frame to incorporate a topstrap, similarto the Remington revolvers, and placed the rear sight on the rear of the frame; he consulted withRichards on some other improvements. The first prototype was chambered in .44 rimfire, but the firstmodel was in the newest caliber known as the.45 Colt.The revolver was chosen by the Army in

1872, with the first order, for 8000 revolvers, shipping in the summer of 1873.[29]TheColt SingleAction Army or "Peacemaker" was one of the most prevalent firearms in theAmerican West during the end of the 19th century. Colt still produces this firearm,in six different calibers, two finishes and three barrel lengths.

In 1870 Colt had bought theNational Arms Company,aBrooklyn, New York company known for

manufacturingderringers and for circumventing theRollin White patent by utilizing a uniquecartridge. Colt continued to produce the .41 Rimfire derringer after the acquisition, as an effort to helpbreak into the metallic-cartridge gun market. In addition to the derringers, Colt released a subsequent

design called its New Line revolver models, based on William Mason's patentswhichdebuted in 1873.

After the success of the Colt Single Action Army and Colt's conversion of existing percussion

revolvers to Richards-Mason conversions, Mason went on to design Colt's firstDouble-action revolver, theColt M1877.Following this, he once again teamed up withRichards to produce a larger-framed version, theColt M1878 Frontier. It was Colt'sfirst large-frame, double-action revolver. It combined the front end of the SingleAction Army revolver with a double-action, 6-shot frame mechanism. It wasavailable commercially in numerous calibers.[31]

The 1870s and 1880s provided sales opportunity to the Colt company via the spread of European-American society ever further westward across the continent, and the demand for firearms that itengendered in various ways. As white Americans displaced Indians from theIndian Territory,bothsides were eager for firearms. On the white side, both the U.S. Army and civilians were customers ofColt. The Army carried Colt revolvers through the last of itsIndian Wars.On the Indian side, Coltweapons were captured when possible, or bought from whoever was selling. Even among whites intowns where Indians had been vanquished, a thriving demand for guns existed, from the criminals to

the police to self-defending civilians. Memoirs of Americans includingWalter Chrysler andJack Blackspeak of what it was like growing up in Western towns where most people had guns andopen carrywas common (such as in Kansas and Missouri, which were considered "out West" at the time nowconsidered theOld West).

1890sColt finally left the "loading gate concept" for a swing-out cylinder on its revolvers with theColtM1889 Navy revolver, which resembled the Colt M1878 and was based on anotherdesign by Mason. The model was produced for three years between 1889 and 1892, and eclipsed
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by theColt M1892 chambered in.38 Long Colt.The M1892 was replaced by theNewService Double Action revolver in 1899. In caliber .45 Colt, the New Service wasaccepted by the U.S. Military as the Model 1909 .45 revolver. The New Servicerevolver was available in other calibers such as .38 Special and, later in the 20thcentury, .45 ACP (as theM1917 revolver)and .357 Magnum.[32]

Under a contract with the U.S. Army, Colt Arms built the Model 1895 ten-barrel variant of theGatling

Gun,capable of firing 800-900 .30 Army rounds per minute, and used with great effect at the Battle ofSan Juan Hill.

[33]TheM1895 Colt-Browning machine gun or "Potato Digger" was built

by Colt. The Colt-Browning was one of the first gas-operated machine guns,originally invented by John Browning.It became the first automatic machine gun adopted bythe United States and saw limited use by the U.S. Marine Corps at theinvasion of Guantnamo Bayand by the1st Volunteer Infantry in the Santiago campaign during theSpanish-American War.In1901, Elizabeth Jarvis Colt sold the company to a group of outside investors based in New York andBoston.

[34]

20th century

19001920s

Model of 1911 Colt Pistol, U.S. Army, first year of production (1912)

DuringWorld War I,Colt surpassed all previous production achievements. Prior to America's entryinto the war, orders from Canada and theUnited Kingdom swelled the backlog of orders to threeyears. Colt hired 4,000 more workers, making a total of 10,000 employeesand its stock's priceincreased by 400%. By 1918, Colt had produced and sold 425,500 of theJohn Browning-designedM1911.Because the factory could not keep up with demand for this pistol, the US Military decided toacceptColt New Service revolvers in caliber .45 ACP, called theM1917 revolver,as a substituteweapon. Competing manufacturerSmith & Wesson made double-action revolvers in .45 ACP, whichwere accepted and issued by the U.S. military under the same name. Colt produced 151,700revolvers during the war as well as 13,000 Maxim-Vickers machine guns and 10,000 Browningmachine guns with an additional 100,000 under subcontract to other companies. Since AutoOrdnance had no tooling for production, Colt acquired the license for theThompson 1921 SMG andmade 15,000 units in the first production year.

[4]

Thestock market crash of 1929 and the ensuingGreat Depression resulted in a slowing down ofproduction for Colt. In anticipation of this, company presidentsWilliam Skinner andSamuel Stoneimplemented a diversification program similar to that done at the close of theAmerican Civil War.Coltacquired contracts for business machines, calculators, dishwashers, motorcycles, and automobiles;
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all marketed under a name other than Colt. Samuel Stone acquired a firm which manufacturedplastics and renamed it "Colt rock" as well as a company that manufactured electrical products. Coltweathered the financial crises of the time by cutting the work week, reducing salaries, and keepingmore employees on the payroll than they needed. These measures kept the company in business butate up the cash surplus they had acquired during the World War I years.

[4]

1930s: Great DepressionIn 1935, after employees voted to disband alabor union,1,000 workers went on strike for 13 weeks.Strikers became violent, attacking workers and detonating a bomb in front of company presidentSamuel M. Stone's house. The company set up a barracks, dining room, and recreation room forworkers within theColt Armory during the strike. On June 3, 1935 theNational Recovery

Administration ruled that the company was within its rights not to deal with the union and the strikeended. In the year following the strike, the factory was hit by a hurricane and flood. Many companyshipping records and historical documents were lost as a result.[35]

19391945: World War IIAt the beginning ofWorld War II,Colt ceased production of the Single Action Army revolver to devotemore time to filling orders for the war. During the war Colt manufactured over 629000 M1911A1pistols as well as a large number ofM1917 water-cooled machineguns.

[36]The company had a

workforce of 15,000 men and women in three factories and production ran on three shifts, 24 hours aday, and won the Army-Navy rating of "E" for excellence.[37]However, the company was losing moneyevery year due to mismanagement, an embittered workforce that had been stretched to its limits, andmanufacturing methods which were becoming obsolete.[4]

19451950sAs the war ended and demand for military arms came to a halt, production literally ceased. Manylong-time workers and engineers retired from the company and nothing was built from 1945 to 1947.Mismanagement of funds during the war had a serious impact as the 105-year-old firm faced possiblebankruptcy. In September 1955 the board of directors voted to merge Colt with an upstartconglomerate called Penn-Texas, which had acquiredPratt & Whitney Machine Tool the same year.

In 1958 Penn-Texas merged withFairbanks-Morse to form the Fairbanks-Whitney Corporation and in1964 the conglomerate reorganized as Colt Industries. In 1956 Colt resumed production of the Single

Action Army revolver and in 1961 began making commemorative versions of their classic models.[38][4

1960s1970sThe 1960s were boom years for Colt with the escalation of theVietnam War,Robert McNamarashutting down theSpringfield Armory,and theU.S. Army's subsequent adoption of theM16,for whichColt held the production rights and would sell over 5 million units worldwide. Colt would capitalize onthis with a range ofAR-15 derivative carbines. They developed AR-15-based Squad AutomaticWeapons, and theColt SCAMP,an earlyPDW design. The Colt XM148 grenade launcher wascreated by Colt's design project engineer, gun designer Karl R. Lewis. The May 1967 "Colt's Ink"newsletter announced that he had won a national competition for his selection and treatment ofmaterials in the design. The newsletter stated in part "In only 47 days, he wrote the specifications,designed the launcher, drew all the original prints, and had a working model built". At the end of the1970s, there was a program run by the Air Force to replace the M1911A1. The Beretta 92S won, but
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this was contested by the Army. The Army ran their own trials, leading eventually to the Beretta 92Fbeing selected as the M9.[39]

1980s1990sThe 1980s were fairly good years for Colt, but the coming end of the Cold War would change all that.Colt had long left innovation in civilian firearms to their competitors, feeling that the handgun business

could survive on their traditional revolver and M1911 designs. Instead, Colt focused on the militarymarket, where they held the primary contracts for production of rifles for the US military. This strategydramatically failed for Colt through a series of events in the 1980s. In 1984, the U.S. militarystandardized on theBeretta 92F.This was not much of a loss for Colt's current business, asM1911A1 production had stopped in 1945. Meanwhile, the military rifle business was growingbecause the U.S. military had a major demand for more upgraded M16s, the M16A2 model had justbeen adopted and the Military needed hundreds of thousands of them.[40][39]

In 1985, Colt's workers, members of theUnited Auto Workers went on strike for higher wages. Thisstrike would ultimately last for five years, and was one of the longest running labor strikes in Americanhistory.[41]With replacement workers running production, the quality of Colt's firearms began todecline. Dissatisfied with Colt's production, in 1988 the U.S. military awarded the contract for futureM16 production toFabrique Nationale.[42]

Some criticized Colt's range of handgun products in the late 1980s as out of touch with the demandsof the market, and their once-vaunted reputation for quality had suffered during the UAW strike. Colt'sstable of double-action revolvers and single-action pistols was seen as old-fashioned by amarketplace that was captivated by the new generation of "wondernines"- high-capacity,9x19mmParabellum caliber handguns, as typified by theGlock 17.Realizing that the future of the companywas at stake, labor and management agreed to end the strike in an arrangement that resulted in Coltbeing sold to a group of private investors, the State of Connecticut, and the UAW itself.[43]

The new Colt first attempted to address some of the demands of the market with the production in1989 of theDouble Eagle,a double-action pistol heavily based on the M1911 design, which was seenas an attempt to "modernize" the classic Browning design. Colt followed this up in 1992 with the Colt

All American 2000,which was unlike any other handgun Colt had produced beforebeing a polymer-framed, rotary-bolt, 9x19mm handgun with a magazine capacity of 15 rounds. It was designed byReed Knight,with parts manufactured by outside vendors and assembled by Colt; its execution wasdisastrous. Early models were plagued with inaccuracy and unreliability, and suffered from the poorpublicity of a product recall. The product launch failed and production of the All American 2000 endedin 1994.[44][45]This series of events led to the company'sChapter 11 bankruptcy in 1992.[46]

The 1990s brought the end ofCold War,which resulted in a large down turn for the entire defenseindustry. Colt was hit by this downturn, though it would be made worse later in the 1990s by a boycottby the shooting public in America. In 1994, the assets of Colt were purchased by Zilkha & Co, afinancial group owned byDonald Zilkha.It was speculated that Zilkha's financial backing of thecompany enabled Colt to begin winning back military contracts. In fact during the time period it wononly one contract, theM4 carbine.However, the U.S. Military had been purchasing Colt Carbines forthe past 30 years (SeeColt Commando). During a 1998Washington Post interview,CEO RonStewart stated that he would favor a federal permit system with training and testing for gunownership. This led to a massive grass-rootsboycott of Colt's products bygun stores and US gunowners.[47]
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Zilkha replaced Stewart with Steven Sliwa and focused the remainder of Colt's handgun designefforts into "smart guns," a concept favored politically, but that had little interest or support amonghandgun owners orPolice Departments.This research never produced any meaningful results due tothe limited technology at the time.

[47]Colt announced the termination of its production of double action

revolvers in October 1999.

21st century2000presentThe boycott of Colt gradually faded out after William M. Keys, a retired U.S. Marine Lt. General, tookthe helm of the company in 2002. Keys salvaged Colt's reputation and brought Colt from the brink ofbankruptcy to an international leader in Defense production.[47]In 2010 Gerald R. Dinkel replacedKeys as CEO, while Keys remained on the Board of Directors for Colt Defense.

[48]

Colt has to compete with other companies that make M1911-style pistols such asKimber and AR-15rifles such asBushmaster.Bushmaster has subsequently overtaken Colt in the number of AR-15s

sold on the civilian market. Colt suffered a legal defeat in court when it sued Bushmaster fortrademark infringement claiming that "M4" was atrademark that it owned. The judge ruled that sincethe term M4 is a generic designation that Colt does not specifically own, Colt had to pay monetaryreimbursement to Bushmaster to recoup Bushmaster's legal fees. The M4 designation itself comesfrom the U.S. military designation system, whose terms are in thepublic domain.

[40]

Colt has entered in several US contracts with mixed results. For example, Colt had an entry in theAdvanced Combat Rifle (ACR) program of the 1980s, but along with other contestants failed toreplace the M16A2. Colt and many other makers entered the US trials for a new pistol in the 1980s,though the Beretta entry would win and become theM9 Pistol.TheColt OHWS handgun was beatenby H&K for what became theMK23 SOCOM,it was lighter than the H&K entry but lost inperformance. Colt did not get to compete for theXM8 since it was not an open competition. Colt is alikely entrant in any competition for a new USservice rifle.Current M16 rifles have been madeprimarily by FN USA since 1988. However, Colt remains the sole source for M4 carbines for the USmilitary. Under their license agreement with Colt, the US military could not legally award second-source production contracts for the M4 until July 1, 2009.[40]

Colt Presidents Samuel Colt (1855-1862)

Elisha K. Root (1862-1865) Richard Jarvis (1865-1901) John Hall (1901-1902) Lewis C. Grover (1902-1909) William Skinner (1909-1911) Col. Charles L.F. Robinson (1911-1916) William Skinner (1916-1921) Samuel Stone (1921-1944) Graham H. Anthony (1944-1949) B. Franklin Conner (1949-1955) Chester Bland (1955-1958)
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Fred A. Roff, Jr. (1958-1962) David C. Scott (1962-1963) Paul A. Benke (1963-1969)

HandgunsThe years in brackets indicate the year when production started, not the year of the model's patent. Colt Paterson revolver (1836) Walker Colt revolver (1847) Colt Dragoon revolver (1848) Colt 1851 Navy revolver (1851) Colt Army revolver (1860) Colt 1861 Navy revolver (1861) Colt Model 1862 revolver (1862) Colt Single Action Army "Peacemaker" revolver (1872) Colt Lightning, Thunderer and Rainmaker revolvers (1877) Colt Model 1878 Frontier revolver (1878)

Colt New Army/Navy Revolvers (1882 to 1903) Colt M1900 semiautomatic pistol (1900) Colt M1902 semiautomatic pistol (1902) Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless semiautomatic pistol (Model M, 1903) Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket (Model N, 1908) ColtM1911 semiautomatic pistol; also known as the Government Model (Model O, 1911) ColtM1917 revolver /New Service / M1909 / Colt Shooting Master Colt 2000 semi-automatic 9 mm Colt Anaconda revolver (AA Frame) Colt Cadet 22 Colt Mustang

Colt Delta Elite a modified Colt M1911A1 chambered for the 10mm Auto Colt Detective Special /Cobra /Agent (D frame) Colt Diamondback revolver Colt Double Eagle Pistol Colt King Cobra revolver Colt New Agent semiautomatic pistol

Colt Diamondback .22
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_A._Roff,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_C._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_A._Benke&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Patersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Colthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Dragoon_Revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_1851_Navy_Revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Army_Model_1860http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1861_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1877http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1878http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1892http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1900http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1902http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1903_Pocket_Hammerlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1908_Vest_Pockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1911_Colt_pistolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1917_revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_New_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Anacondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colt_Mustang&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Delta_Elitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Detective_Specialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Diamondbackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Double_Eaglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_King_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colt_New_Agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Diamondbackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Python-silhouette.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colt-diamondback.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Python-silhouette.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colt-diamondback.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Diamondbackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colt_New_Agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_King_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Double_Eaglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Diamondbackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Cobrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Detective_Specialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Delta_Elitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colt_Mustang&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Anacondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_New_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1917_revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1911_Colt_pistolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1908_Vest_Pockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1903_Pocket_Hammerlesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1902http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1900http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1892http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1878http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Model_1877http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_M1861_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Army_Model_1860http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_1851_Navy_Revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Dragoon_Revolverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Colthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Patersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_A._Benke&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_C._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_A._Roff,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1


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Colt Python Silhouette .357 Magnum

Colt Anaconda .44 Magnum Colt Official Police revolver / Officers Model (Match, Target & Special) / New Army & Navy (E/I

frame) / Colt .357 (I Frame) Colt Officer's ACP Colt Police Positive revolver Colt Police Positive Special revolver / Viper (D Frame) Colt SCAMP Colt SF VI, DS II, Magnum Carry (.357 Magnum) Colt Python revolver (I frame)

Colt Trooper revolver (I frame), Trooper Mk III (J frame), and trooper Mk V (V Frame) Woodsman/Woodsman Match Target/Huntsman/Targetsman (Model S)

Long guns Colt-BrowningM1895 machine gun Colt Lightning Carbine AR-15 type rifles, such as theM16 rifle,M4 carbine andColt Commando (seeAR-15 variants for

a complete list) Colt ACR Colt Double rifleColt manufactured several military long arms under contract including theM1918 BAR andThompsonSMG.

See also List of modern armament manufacturers List of firearms Antique Guns

Sodium silicate (used as a cement for paper cartridges used in early Colt revolvers during theAmerican Civil War)

References1. ^Roe 1916,p.166.2. ^abcdefHounshell 1984,p. 47.3. ^abRoe 1916,pp.166169.
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g/wiki/Colt_Lightning_Carbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1895_Colt-Browning_machine_gunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Trooperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Pythonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colt_SF_VI,_DS_II,_Magnum_Carry_(.357_Magnum)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_SCAMPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Police_Positive_Specialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Police_Positivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Officer%27s_ACPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Official_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Anacondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_Python


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4. âbcdeGrant, Ellsworth (2002). "Colt Samuel (1814-1862)". In Gregg Lee Carter. Guns inAmerican Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. 1. ABC-CLIO.p. 128.ISBN9781576072684.

5. ^Lehto (2008). p. 30. "However, Samuel Colt gave us an even greater invention: the firstassembly line"

6. âbcRoe 1916,pp. 164-185.7. Âuerbach, Jeffrey A. (1999). The Great Exhibition of 1851: a nation on display. Yale

University Press. p. 123.ISBN9780300080070.

8. ^Houze (2006) p.839. ^Barnard, Henry (1866).Armsmear: the home, the arm, and the armory of Samuel Colt: A

memorial. 53. Alvord Printer. p. 120.10. abcHounshell 1984,pp. 1565.11. abHaven, Charles Tower; Frank A. Belden (1940).A history of the Colt revolver: and the

other arms made by Colt's patent fire arms manufacturing company from 1836 to 1940. W.Morrow & company. p. 86.

12.^Dickens, Charles (1854). "Guns and Pistols".Household Words(Bradley and Evans) 4: 583."Among the pistols, we saw Colt's revolver; and we compared it with the best English revolver.The advantage of Colt's over the English is, that the user can take a sight ; and thedisadvantage is, that the weapon requires both hands to fire"

13.^Great stories of American businessmen, from American heritage: the magazine of history.Madison, Wisconsin: American Heritage. 1972. p. 95.

14. abcdKinard (2004) p.15415.^Lendler (1997) p. 1716.^Smith 1968.17.^Flayderman (2007) p.9418.^Garrison, Webb (2011). Curiosities of the Civil War: Strange Stories, Infamous Characters

and Bizarre Events. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 452.ISBN9781595553591.19.^Ware, Donald L. (2007). Remington army and navy revolvers, 1861-1888. UNM Press.

p. 231.ISBN9780826342805.20.^Boorman (2004)p.36

21.^Grant, Ellsworth (2006). Connecticut Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival. GlobePequot. p. 72.ISBN9780762739721.

22.^Houze, Herbert G. (2006). Carolyn C. Cooper, Elizabeth Mankin Kornhauser. ed. SamuelColt: arms, art, and invention. Yale University Press. p. 84.ISBN9780300111330.

23. abKinard (2004) p.12424. abWalter, John (2006). The Guns That Won the West: Firearms on the American Frontier,

1848-1898. MBI Publishing Company. p. 157.ISBN9781853676925.25.^Houze (2006) p.626.^Smith, Merrit Roe (1999). "Samuel Colt". In John Whiteclay Chambers, Fred Anderson. The

Oxford companion to American military history. Oxford University Press. p. 159.ISBN9780195071986.

27.^Sapp (2007)p. 5428. abSapp (2007)p. 5529. abTaffin, John (2005). Single Action Sixguns(2 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications.

pp. 3839.ISBN9780873499538.30.^Sapp (2007)pp. 59-60, 6431.^Kinard, Jeff (2004). Pistols: an illustrated history of their impact. ABC-CLIO. p. 163.

ISBN9781851094707.32.^Sapp (2007) pp. 96-9733.^Parker 1898,pp. 131138.34.^Grant, Tina (1996). "Colt's Manufacturing Company Inc.". In Thomas Derdak. International

Directory of Company Histories. St. James Press. pp. 7072.ISBN9781558623279.
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