Commission on Information and Communications Technology

The Internet

iSchools ICT Literacy Training for Teachers

Human Capital Development Group, CICT

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Internet

• Inter = international • Net = network• a global collection of interconnected

networks - a network of networks• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,

“Virtual Community”

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Networks

LAN• equipment + resources • facilitate access, transfer

and distribution of data and information

• low cost high-speed data transfer

• office building, warehouse, campus, or any other facility

WAN• a bigger network = 2 or

more interconnected LANs • global companies/

agencies with common databases and information sharing needs

Internet: a network of networksaccessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service

Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.

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Client/Server Paradigm

• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and

Internet Protocol – common standard by which computers of different

types and brands are able to communicate with one another

– TCP = break down data + transmit in packets – IP = routing information to destination/s

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Internet Applications

• access to a vast load of information• Communications• Commerce• Forum for discussions, opinions• Venue for collaboration• Social networking• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm

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Basic Internet Services

• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog • Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special

Interest Groups• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social

Networks• Remote Logins• Search Engines • World Wide Web: multimedia information via

hypertext• Commerce/Trading

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Brief History

• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military communication system

• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and other services

• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol – Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses =

common names

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Brief History

• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers with backbone speed of 56kbps (universities sharing resources)– superior processing power – 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to

60,000; bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)– more and more countries joining

• ARPANET folded up in 1990– NFSnet took over + many new networks: became

the Internet of the ‘90s– Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for

commercial use of Internet

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Brief History

• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec. 2005)– 15.7% of the world's population– over 200 countries– increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)

Once the sole province of the military, research institutions and universities, it is

now available to anyone who wants it.

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Internet Architecture

• IP Addressing (dotted quad)– to identify hosts – 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host

PC 81.6– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) =

same network – router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to

talk e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)

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Internet Architecture

• Domain Naming System– user-friendly naming

scheme (lettered IP address system)

– domain name server

• zones: organizational and geographic

• 3-letter zones = organization, 2-letter zones = country

edu – educational institutionmil – militarygov – governmentnet – networkcom – commercialorg – organization

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Hardware/Software Requirements

• Computer• Modem for dial-up connections• Telephone line, leased line,

cellular/cable/satellite networks• Some software – browser, email

client/app, ftp, etc.

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Internet Service Providers (ISP)

• a company that provides Internet connection services to the general public to the Internet

• any online system that has direct Internet connection and provides access to it

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Levels of Internet Access

Dedicated Leased-Line Connection – by large organization; entire LAN connected to the Internet

Direct Connection – leasing fiber optic cable or similar transmission media

Dial-up Connection –most common form of connection;

ISDN: high-speed dial-up + digital phone

Broadband Connection – high-speed “always on” multi-signal connection, small to medium-sized organizations

(cable, DSL, satellite)

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Ways to Connect to the Internet

● Telephone line● Ethernet● Wi-Fi Wireless ● Bluetooth Wireless● special device (e.g.

Blackberry, Treo, combination cell phone/PDAs)

• Cell Phone with built-in modem type adapters – dial-up or through

GPRS, special data cable, infrared ports, or Bluetooth

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Comparative Performance

A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dial-up connection will take about 26 minutes with an ISDN line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a cable connection, and between 2.2 and 26 minutes over a DSL connection would take.

- CompuKiss.com

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Web Browsing

• fastest growing Internet service • GUI, supports hypertexting • Uniform Resource Locator or URL

http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm

Transmission Protocol

Domain or Server Name: to connect to the host server machine or computer where the data is stored

Location within the server

File Name of the Web page: actual name of the HTML file

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Web Browser

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Web Browser

• Back • Forward • Reload/Refresh• Stop • Address Box• Search

• Home• History• Bookmark/Favorites

Manager• Preferences

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Portal & Search Engine

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Search Engine

• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.– www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm

• Number of results, next page• Search tips for more specific/focused

searches• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability,

validity)

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Web Browser

• Portal• Search Engine

– query via index servers to access relevant document servers

– tips

• Email– webmail– POP3 email client

• Blog• Collaborative work• Groupware, eGroup• Discussion Forum

• download/upload• eCommerce• PodCasts• research• application / file downloads• Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)• Educational Resources• Online Learning / Distance

Education• Online competitions• Gaming, Entertainment resources

Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step: www.bbc.co.uk/websie/course

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email

• Models:– Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be

online to the server housing your mailbox to access and manage your mail.

– POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS Outlook): must be online to the server only to download your mail, after that, go offline to read, reply and manage the local mail storage; need to go online again to send

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e-mail address

name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer

• Mailbox name or username - should not contain commas, spaces and parentheses

• @ (at sign)• Address or hostname – domains and sub-

domains separated by “.”

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Yahoo Email Account

1.Go to mail.yahoo.com2. “Sign up now”.3.succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail” 4.Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the

mouse • Check validity Yahoo ID.• Security word.• “Submit This Form”.

5.confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”6.start using your new, free Yahoo email account

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e-mail

• Parts1. header

• Addressee (To:) • Carbon Copy (CC:)• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:)• Title of Message (Subject:)• Sender (From:)

2. body - plain text files or as html file

3. signature (optional)4. attachment/s

• Services:– Receive– Compose– Send – Reply / Reply to All– Forward– Junk Mail / Spam– Address Book/Contacts– Calendar– Message Management

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Other useful online services

• Blog (blogger, blogspot)

• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au, teach-nology.com)

• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard, elib.gov.ph, skoool, EMC online, google videos)

• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)

• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)

• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)

• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)

• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)

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Educational Applications

• Scavenger Hunt• Online Treasure Hunt• WebQuest• Teacher / Student Blogs / Portfolios• School / Class / Student Websites• Content Management System• Learning Management System

We need to be critical about the quality of We need to be critical about the quality of information available on the Internet!information available on the Internet!

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Online Scavenger / Knowledge Hunt

• to introduce students to using search engines (limited choices provided) to find information on the Internet

• practice problem solving, improve their reading and comprehension skills, and learn how to search the Internet

Exercises: • http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/TM/WS_invent_hunt2.shtml • http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/pges/projects/around.htm

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Online Treasure Hunt

• Parts: (from McGraw-Hill online)

1. Introduction on the topic and the exercise2. Set of questions about the topic

– 5-7 questions to serve as foundation for the BIG question– avoid “what is” and “yes/no” questions; more “thinking/processing”

questions3. Web Resource Bank: pre-screened for quality for

applicability – randomly arranged4. A final, evaluative “BIG” question for students to synthesize

(using HOTS) the information and develop it into a broad understanding of the topic – product to be assessed

Exercises: • http://www.mohonasen.org/dmslib/great_wall.htm • http://education.csm.edu/Camp04/bjizba/technology/treasurehunt.htm

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WebQuest Components

• Introduction of activity to the students; role or scenario

• Task: end-result or culminating project

• Process: steps to go through to accomplish the task + online resources + scaffolding

• Evaluation of performance be evaluated, scoring rubric

• Conclusion: summarizes what the learners will have accomplished + additional opportunities to extend student thinking

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WebQuest

• Process: 1. class learns some common background

knowledge 2. divide into groups3. in the groups: each student given a particular role,

task, or perspective to master (become experts on one aspect of a topic)

4. roles come together for students to synthesize their learning by completing a summarizing act

– e.g. e-mailing congressional representatives or presenting their interpretation to real world experts on the topic

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WebQuest

Exercises:• A WebQuest about Evaluating Websites:

http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/%7Espjvweb/evalwebstu.html• http://www.ldcsb.on.ca/schools/cfe/WebQuests/Gifted/intro.ht

m• http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/cia/choices.htm• http://www.ats.edu.mx/personales/rocio/Math/index.htm

• Spend some time going over the various sites listed on your manual

• refer to the manual for a sample Rubric for Evaluating WebQuests

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REFLECTION/DISCUSSION

• Will you be able to integrate what you've learned about ICT in your admin tasks as well as in classroom teaching and learning?– What? How? When? Why? With whom?– Cite concrete examples: topics, strategies,

output/product/performance

• What will you commit to (vis-a-vis monitoring)?– Which will you use extensively? Why?

• What kind of support will you need?– From us? From others?

Commission on Information and Communications Technology

End of Presentation