Common Elements and

their uses

Group II : Micha Ela Marie Haduca Marie Vanz Antonette Dacalan Elijah Collado Earlson Brylle Valdez Samuel Piano Rhevier Von Dexter Caniyas

Aluminum / Al

Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable. Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts. This is because of its particular properties.

Carbon / C Carbon compounds are important in many facets of the

petrotchemicals industry as the feedstock is carbon-based. Carbon is also the basis of fuels such as coal and oil since both coal and oil are rich in carbon. Carbonas graphite is a good lubricant. Carbon is a key component of steel.

CHLORINE / Cl Chlorine also has a multitude of industrial uses.

Including making bulk materials like bleached paper products, plastics such as PVC and the solvents tetrachloromethane, chloroform and dichloromethane. It is also used to make dyes, textiles, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides and paints.

COPPER / Cu All US coins are now copper alloys, and gun

metals also contain copper. Most copper is used in electrical equipment such as wiring and motors. This is because it conducts both heat and electricity very well, and can be drawn into wires.

HELIUM / He Helium is used as a cooling medium for the

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the superconducting magnets in MRI scanners and NMR spectrometers. It is also used to keep satellite instruments cool and was used to cool the liquid oxygen and hydrogen that powered the Apollo space vehicles.

HYDROGEN / H Some see hydrogen gas as the clean fuel of the future – generated from water and

returning to water when it is oxidised. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are increasingly being seen as ‘pollution-free’ sources of energy and are now being used in some buses and cars.

Hydrogen also has many other uses. In the chemical industry it is used to make ammonia for agricultural fertiliser (the Haber process) and cyclohexane and methanol, which are intermediates in the production of plastics and pharmaceuticals. It is also used to remove sulfur from fuels during the oil-refining process. Large quantities of hydrogen are used to hydrogenate oils to form fats, for example to make margarine.

In the glass industry hydrogen is used as a protective atmosphere for making flat glass sheets. In the electronics industry it is used as a flushing gas during the manufacture of silicon chips.

The low density of hydrogen made it a natural choice for one of its first practical uses – filling balloons and airships. However, it reacts vigorously with oxygen (to form water) and its future in filling airships ended when the Hindenburg airship caught fire.

Most central banks hold gold as a reserve asset Gold alloys are used in the jewellery industry in the form of

sheet, wire, granules, solders, and discs. Gold alloys in jewellery industries are some of the common uses

of gold. Gold is used because it is highly malleable and easy to manipulate.

Gold is used in the manufacture of many different types of jewellery.

Gold alloy catalysts are used in the production of paints and glue. In electronic industries, gold is an irreplaceable substance. Now gold became obvious to our medical population that there

are many medicinal uses for gold. Ex. Gold injections are used to help alleviate the pain of arthritis.

GOLD / Au

The main use for iron ore is in the formation of steel. Certain other uses for iron include magnets, auto parts, fertilizer, and pigments

Cast iron contains 3–5% carbon. It is used for pipes, valves and pumps. It is not as tough as steel but it is cheaper. Magnets can be made of iron and its alloys and compounds.

Iron catalysts are used in the Haber process for producing ammonia, and in the Fischer–Tropsch process for converting syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) into. liquid fuels.

IRON / Fe

Mercury is used in laboratories for making thermometers, barometers, diffusion pumps, and many other instruments.

It is used for mercury switches and other electrical apparatus. It is used as an electrode in some types of electrolysis and for making batteries (mercury cells).

Mercury is important in some types of industry, for instance for caustic soda and chlorine production.

Mercury is also the basis of dental amalgams and preparations.

It is used for making some pesticides and antifouling paint.

MERCURY / Hg

Used in making neon advertising signs. Used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter

tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is an economical cryogenic refrigerant.  It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than

liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and less expensive than helium when it meets

refrigeration requirements.   It is also used in lightning arresters. Used to shield electrical

equipment from lightning. There are also high voltage indicators and vacuum tubes that employ

it.

NEON / Ne

Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry. It is used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives. This element is present in virtually all pharmacological drugs. In the form of nitrous oxide it

is used as an anesthetic.  Cryopreservation also uses the gas to conserve egg, blood, sperm and other biological

specimens. The CPUs in computers use the gas to keep them from heating up. X-ray detectors also rely

on this element.  These elements have proven to be so effective in this regard they have replaced carbon

dioxide. This non-metallic chemical element can be used to fill aircraft and some vehicle tires. The same element is found in military aircraft fuel systems to combat fire hazards. Other common uses for the element are in steel production and in high voltage equipment. In the latter case, nitrogen is pressurized and dried first. Integrated circuits, diodes,

transistors and other electrical components use it too.

NITROGEN / N

Sodium is an important component in the human body. Controlled levels of sodium are highly significant to our nervous system. It also helps our brain to work.  It is important that your sodium levels are regularly checked, to ensure that you will not incur

health and wellness problems in the future. It is used as an important seasoning ingredient in every kind of dish imaginable. It is also found useful in making the process of curing possible. Cured meats and other foods are preserved with the use of a great amount of salt. Sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate can be used in many different kinds of functions

and they do not necessarily need to be just within the four walls of the kitchen. Baking soda, when mixed with vinegar, serves as an effective cleaning solution for just about anything.

Sodium fluoride is present in the makings of toothpaste and other dental hygiene products including mouthwashes. It is also used in water treatment systems.

It is also used in a handful of industries, including glass frosting, wood preserving and stainless steel prickling.

SODIUM / Na

Used to make sulfuric acid and some medicines such as pet powders.

The element is used in the creation of steel and rubber.  It is also included in the production of inorganic chemicals,

matches, fumigants and glass. It is also used in explosives, cement, animal feed and adhesives.

Fertilizers are also used.  Producers of slat blocks, soil amendments, petroleum and sugar

refining also use this element. It is a vital component in dyes, fungicides and production of

agrichemicals.  It is also required in mineral extraction and waste water

processing. Powdered sulfur is found in lotions and skin cream ingredients. Burned sulfur helps preserve fruits and bleach paper.

SULFUR / S