FUNDAMENTALS FOR A SUCCESSFUL COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

ACCURACYIn all relevant operational scenarios!RELIABILITYIn all environmental conditions!SIMPLICITYEasy to Use, Install & Maintain!!COUPLE WITH THE RIGHT PRIORITISATION:1. People2. Equipment3. Infrastructure

COMMITTED TO PROVEN, ACCURATE & RELIABLE COLLISION AVOIDANCE

Mining represents some of the most challenging environments for operators and equipment to work in. !Open Pit operations utilises oversized equipment operating across great and complex areas. !Underground mines plunge to great depths in narrow and elaborate tunnel systems. Both types of mining represents extreme conditions that affect the safety of operators as well as the equipment performance.!The process of safely managing people and machine interaction 24/7/365 days a year adds immense complexity to equipment, environment, logistics and costs management; but most of all adds significant risk to the miners most valuable assets; its people.!Implementation of ACCURATE & RELIABLE Collision Avoidance that DO NOT RELY on 3rd party technology such as GPS, RFID or WIFI;a fundamental step towards SAFER MINING.

ANY COLLISION AVOIDANCE SHOULD ASPIRE TOWARDS

• Intelligent technology choice; Highly configurable, Scalable & Future proofed.• Ensure People protection• Be Simple to use and maintain• Ability to remove false positive alerts today and in the future.• Do not rely on 3rd party infrastructure (GPS,GNSS, Wi-Fi etc)• Centralised Management, Local and Remote Data Logging• Critical Situational Awareness (contextual)• UG and Above ground capabilities• Interface to Machines and other site systems!While meeting the above, the CAS must be Cost Effective, Robust and Reliable in order to increase safety in mining while supporting production processes. !

HOW TO MAKE AN INTELLIGENT CAS TECHNOLOGY CHOICE?

• GPS/GNSS• UHF RFID• Electro-magnetic • Ultra Wide Band

Radar • Laser • WASP

CAS TECHNOLOGIES TODAY; THE FACTSTechnology Strengths Weaknesses

UHF RFID Ultra High Frequency Long Range, Inexpensive, UG & Surface compatible.

Poor range accuracy, Susceptible to environment & metallic blind spots. Poor around corner functionality.

EM RFID – Electromagnetic Field Very accurate ranging, penetrates the rock, imperious to large metal obstructions.

Relatively short range*, Larger sensor footprint. (Industry Standard 20m, Minetec TTR 50m)

WASP – Wireless Adhoc System for Positioning

Very accurate ranging, resilient to multipath and noise, narrow band, Inbuilt Adhoc meshing. UG & Surface compatible.

No TTR

UWB – Ultra Wide Band Inexpensive, accurate ranging. UG & Surface compatible.

Poor multipath and noise tolerance, very wide bandwidth, medium range, poor performance in high densities. No TTR

Global Positioning System (GPS) Complementary to other technologies, readily available.

Only surface suitable, expensive to enable personnel and light vehicles, limited accuracy. Heavily relies on LOS to satellites (dust or obstructions hinder availability).

Radar – Passive Radar Ranging Reliable, UG & Surface compatible. Accurate.

Short range, Susceptible to environment & metallic blind spots. Poor around corner functionality.

LRS – Laser Ranging Systems Accurate, UG & Surface compatible. Programming vehicle contouring available.

Expensive, Short range, Susceptible to environment & dust. Requires heavy maintenance.

US CAS – Ultra Sonic Accurate, Medium Range, UG & Surface compatible.

Susceptible to environment (Acoustic Noise) Requires Regular maintenance.

Video Imaging - Peripheral Vision Systems (PVS)

Adopted easily by operators, complements other systems

Requires regular maintenance, relies on operators to see and respond.

Real-time Collision Avoidance/Proximity Awareness for all Equipment types & Personnel in UG & Open-Pit Mining.!

• Advanced accurate Through-The-Rock, Through building,

Through waste Electro-Mag technology for both

underground & open pit applications 0.5-50m.

• Advanced accurate HP technology, for both open pit,

underground CAS & HP Personnel Tracking 10cm-400m.

• Simple deployment, ease of use and maintenance.

• Dynamic zoning that adjusts to;

Speed Geographical-AreaOperational Processes Equipment typeOperators skill level

!• Dual Mesh standards;

WASP Proprietary & Secure CAS technology

Wi-Fi for NON-critical data such as reporting.

• Onboard logging and config, remote logging and config.

3D COLLISION AVOIDANCE OVERVIEW

WASP Wireless Ad-hoc System for Positioning!Exclusive partnership with CSIRO established.Product development started in 2006, site trials in 2008. R&D site projects in 2009/10, culminating in firstlarge scale implementations in 2013.!Terrestrial localisation systems are required where GPS is unavailable e.g. Underground, in-house, submarines etc.. WASP solves challenging tracking & navigation applications not addressed by current technology.!Features of the system:! Time of Arrival (TOA) based technology High accuracy localisation

• 10 cm outdoors line of sight • 20 cm indoors line of sight

Provides high rate data communicationsData – OFDM 4 Mbps (BPSK), 8 Mbps (QPSK)Time stamp signal, accurate TOA at receiver5.8 GHz class licence (ISM) frequency band125 MHz bandwidthTypical 50 mW transmit power !

!

THE WASP TECHNOLOGY

THE KEY WORD IS: PROVEN

Proven Accuracy = 0.11m

THE KEY WORD IS: PROVEN

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

High Precision Sensor!!High Precision Touch Screen!!Warning Display!!Through-The-Rock Transmitter!!Through-The-Rock Receiver!!Personal Protection Device (PPD)(High Precision, Cap-Lamp, external etc)

SYSTEM COMPONENTS: THE HP SENSOR

Mil$Spec$Power$and$data$$

Mul2ple$easy$moun2ng$op2ons$available$$

Op2onal$External$Antenna$

Ruggedized$IP66$Polycarbonate$Enclosure$

• $Sub$metre$ToA$Accuracy$up$to$10$cm$on$configurable$zones$$

• $Standalone$contextual$awareness$up$to$400m$LOS$

SYSTEM COMPONENTS: HP TOUCH SCREEN

Configurable,Alert,Zone,,

Alarm,List,,

SafeDetect,Protected,Host,Vehicle,

Mute,Bu?on,,

Highlighted,Sector,

•  Dynamic zone adjustment on machine status •  Multiple vehicle and personnel monitoring •  Camera interface

SYSTEM COMPONENTS: WARNING DEVICE

Acknowledge+Bu.on+

Audible+Alarm+

•  Configurable alarm sequence •  Incremental hazard warning •  External connectivity (RS485, 422& 4I/O)

Number+of+Vehicles++

Number+of+Personnel++

Front+Warning+LED+

Rear+Warning+LED+

SYSTEM COMPONENTS: MAGNETIC FIELD TECHNOLOGY

TTR- Magnetic Through The Rock Technology Minetec long range TTR 50m / 360 degrees !Features of the system: !

• Low Frequency, Magnetic Wave 125kHz Narrowband transmissions ASK Digitally encoded ID !

• Through-the-Earth (TTE) Operation • Proximity detection up to 50m, 360o radius • Resilient to underground EMI • Ranging accuracies of ±5% of configured range • Peer-to-Peer Technology – No 3rd party dependency • 2.4-­‐2.5GHz  Discrete  Channel  –  Unique  digital  ID    • IP66  (Water/Dust  Egress)  • IEC  60068-­‐2  (Storage/OperaKon)  • IEC  60068-­‐2-­‐27  (Shock/VibraKon)  •  Explosives/Dets  (Dyno  Nobel  US)

Sub metre localisation & Situational Awareness.!No reliance on 3rd party infrastructure (ex Wifi, WiMax, GPS, GNSS etc)!Lightweight and simple to use!Audio/Visual/Vibration alarm!Centralised administration!Integrates with 3rd party systems

PEOPLE SAFETY FIRST: PERSONNEL PROTECTION

Surface(Miner(Scenario!

Miner Personnel Protection Device (PPD) – LOCATOR

FSM Receiver / Transmitter

SURFACE MINING SCENARIOS

SURFACE MINING: X, Y & Z FUNCTIONALITY

Parked

or

Parked

or

Reversing HV

Parked

Reversing HV

Parked

LV Overtaking HV

LV Overtaking HV

Reversing HV into dumpReversing HV into dump

Approaching parked vehicle

Parked or

Approaching parked vehicle

Parked or

IntersectionIntersectionHV approaching roadworkHV approaching roadwork

HV Approaching / passing structureHV Approaching / passing structure

Shovel rotating / swingingShovel rotating / swinging

FollowingSame lanesFollowingSame lanes Parked

Reversing

Parked

Reversing Multiple reversing

HV

Multiple reversing

HV

SURFACE MINING SCENARIOS

HVHeavy Vehicle

LVLight Vehicle

HVGrader

PTPersonnel

SOStationary Object

HVHeavy Vehicle

LVLight Vehicle

HVGrader

PTPersonnel

SOStationary Object

HVHeavy Vehicle

LVLight Vehicle

HVGrader

PTPersonnel

SOStationary Object

SOStationary Object

DYNAMIC ZONING: SPEED, GEO-AREA, EQUIP TYPE, OPERATIONAL PRACTICE & OPERATOR CONFIG EX.

Configurable detection of multiple dynamic zones that adjusts to; Speed, Road profile, Geo-Area ,Operational Processes, Equipment type & operators skill level.!BLUE represents an AWARENESS zone for the operator OR a central dispatch. GREEN represents a SAFE zone or a SAFE distance between a HV-HV, HV-LV or LV-LV. YELLOW represents a WARNING zone, for which client specific notifications can be defined.RED represents a DANGER zone, for which client specific actions can be defined including machine control, operator alarm and centralised alarming etc.

DYNAMIC ZONING - RESTRICTED VISION

SAFEDETECT remains as reliable in all rain, fog, snow, dust, mud, oil and other contaminants that would impact conventional awareness technologies; the threat is identified 400m in advance, its approach defined as well as what type of threat even with the ability to identify Who is in the equipment.

DYNAMIC ZONING - PEOPLE VS MINING REALITIES

SAFEDETECT´s High-Precision Personnel Protection Device interacts with the SAFEDETECT technology onboard each HV and LV as well ties into the comms infrastructure to allow for threat management and location tracking of all assets including the mines most valuable; its people.

RELIABILITY, ACCURACY, REDUNDANCY AND PERFORMANCE: BASIC STANDARDS, WHERE SAFETY AND PRODUCTIVITY IS REQUIRED

UG#SDV#to#FSM#Scenario!

FSM Receiver

Service Delivery Vehicle (SDV)

Free Steer Machine (FSM)

SDV Transmitter

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

FSM Receiver/ Transmitter

Service Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Free Steer Machine (FSM)

SDV Transmitter

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

UG#Miner#to#FSM#Scenario!

FSM Receiver/Transmitter

Miner Free Steer Machine (FSM)

Miner Personnel Protection Device (PPD) – CAP LAMP VERSION

Miner Personnel Protection Device (PPD) – LOCATOR VERSION

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

UNDERGROUND: TRT AND LONG DISTANCE MODE

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

Personnel Tag

Typical Deployment: !• 2 Anchor Nodes installed on each pillar • Anchor Nodes placed on diagonal corners of pillars to support

minimum coverage of 3 Nodes per operational area (A,B&C) • 1 Master Node every 5 pillars (10 Hops) • 2 Mobile Tags per continuous miner & shuttle car Front/

Rear protection) • 1 Mobile Tag per vehicle (e.g. Roof Bolter) • 1 Personnel Tag per miner/operator

A

B

C

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

A

1

2 3

Operational Area A: !• LOS connectivity to Anchor Nodes 1,2&3 • Connectivity to Master Node via Node 2 • Sub-meter accuracy & protection achieved

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

Personnel Tag

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

B

1

2 3

Operational Area B: !• LOS connectivity to Anchor Nodes 1,2&3 • LOS connectivity to Master Node via Node 2 • Sub-meter accuracy & protection achieved

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

Personnel Tag

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

C

1 2

3

Operational Area C: !• LOS connectivity to Anchor Nodes 1,2&3 • Connectivity to Master Node via Node 1 • Sub-meter accuracy & protection achieved

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

Personnel Tag

UNDERGROUND MINING SCENARIOS

Master Nodes deployed to Machinery - Multiple Master Nodes

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

Personnel Tag

Personnel  Tag  ApplicaKons  !Geo-­‐Fencing  !Waste  Dump  ProtecKon  !HPGPS  AugmentaKon    –  Truck  less  Mining  

EXPANDED CAPABILITIES - EXAMPLES

EXPANDED CAPABILITIES - PERSONNEL DEVICE

Mining examples; •  Authorisation Device •  Visitor Management •  Operator Skill level -VS- CAS Zone design •  Vehicle lock-out •  Equipment Machine Interlocks; Speed, GEO-areas

EXPANDED CAPABILITIES - PERSONNEL DEVICE

!  Workshop, Pit, Haul Roads, Equipment type, Stock Pile area permissions matched with Personnel Specific rules.

!  Use the PPD to trigger different zone profiles, Speed restrictions etc.

" " " #

" " " "

40km/h

40km/h

20km/h

N/A

20km/h

40km/h

40km/h

10km/h

NovaTel GNSS Receivers

WASP TraxTags HP

Loca

lisat

ion

Aug

me

ntat

ion

Inte

rfac

e

Magnetic Field Sensors

LiDAR Sensors*

CA

PD

In

terfa

ce

WASP TraxTags HP

3D Linux Processor Navigation & Control System

Localisation System

Collision Avoidance/ Proximity Detection System

Automatic Machine Movement and Manoeuvres

Simulation Engine SMARTS

PLC and Mechatronic Systems

Spatial Control Systems Coordinator/Master

Mobile Mining Plant ETS Block Overview Command Centre Master Controller Block Overview

Systems Architecture example Typical Minetec Implementation

ETS System Overview

The ETS is a distributed control system providing spatial control over mobile mining plant via Industrial PCs and PLCs:!Minetec can support the ETS Project with the following enabling technologies: TraxTags HP: A ToA and INS based tracking solution to bolster the localisation systems required for reliable intersection alignment of machinery, and general spatial awareness in support of GNSS via an augmentation interface. SafeDetect: The magnetic field technology, coupled with ToA gives support for Collision Avoidance & Proximity Detection for Mobile Mining Plant, Light Vehicles and Personnel.

• Spatially aware machines, using GNSS, TraxTags HP and LiDAR scanners

• Collision avoidance system• Automatic control of mobile machines

Systems Architecture

TraxTags HP nodes

TraxTags HP nodes

GNSS Receivers

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS Receivers

GNSS Receivers

Anchor Node (Trailer Optional)

Master Node

Anchor Node (Trailer Optional)

Number of Sensors Reduced for simplicity

All sensor information collated through local Industrial Processor

Stacker Reclaimer Application

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS Receivers

Mobile Sizing Rig or Mobile Crushing Rig

All sensor information for Localisation system and CAPD system collated through local Industrial Processor

Electric Rope Shovels

All sensor information for Localisation system and CAPD system collated through local Industrial Processor

Stacker Reclaimer Application

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS Receivers

Mobile Belt Wagon

Portable Modular Conveyor

Cable Reel Car or Driven Hopper Car

All sensor information for Localisation system and CAPD system collated through local Industrial Processor

All sensor information for Localisation system and CAPD system collated through local Industrial Processor

All sensor information for Localisation system and CAPD system collated through local Industrial Processor

OSWS Application

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS ReceiversPersonnel Tag

• GNSS Receivers & TraxTags HP Nodes are installed on all critical points of MMP• GNSS and TraxTags HP Information is passed back to the MMP localised augmentation

interface via the TraxTags HP data channel• Trailers offer optional anchor nodes for the TraxTags HP System.• Up to 10 hops can be catered for between any node and the Master node.

OSWS Application

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS ReceiversPersonnel Tag

• GNSS Receivers & TraxTags HP Nodes are installed on all auxiliary MMP and service vehciles• Magnetic Field, TraxTags HP & LiDAR sensor information is passed back over the TraxTags HP

data channel and interpreted by the CAPD interface• Optional Trailers are pictured

HWS Application

Anchor Node

Mobile Tag

Master Node

GNSS ReceiversPersonnel Tag

• GNSS Receivers & TraxTags HP Nodes are installed on all critical points of MMP allowing precise virtual coupling between mobile conveyors.

• Magnetic Field, TraxTags HP sensor information gives contextual awareness for personnel, machines and service vehicles

1,5 m

Project concept overview

• Using a combination of Fixed and mobile infrastructure we install around the dump creating an accurate tracking area.

• Nodes installed on Truck and/or integrated into SafeDetect system

Using a combination of SafeDetect/Traxtags2 technology • Import dump model into system ( picture file or .dxf/.dwg) • Create a zone/Geofence around area to warn trucks of dump zone. ( either via

labelled line in .dxf or via walk around)

Project concept overview

Project concept overview

Truck is Alerted via screen and directed on Dumping position. !If Truck goes near other devices Collision Avoidance mode automatically assumed

Project concept overview

R&D add on modules: !• Add on detection units to detect wall/pit drop off from rear of vehicle using

integrated dual radar technology • Customization of Geofencing in Openpit environment • Vehicle interface kit ( OEM will require consulting)

The TraxTagsII solution Tracks a shovel arm, which takes as an example 120 tonnes of material from the mining face in its bucket and places it on a conveyor belt.  The purpose of tracking is initially to alert the operator when approaching the operational movement limits of the arm, and secondly to automate the travel and dump cycle at maximum speed with the operator only performing a manual pickup of the dirt from the face. TraxTagsII is used as the core technology with select modules added for Shovel specific interfaces.!Standalone position calculation in real time of :!• Load to truck position• Bucket to loader and bucket to truck• Calculation of shovel angle/acceleration/tilt• third party interfaces for payload calculation and monitoring

!The TraxTagsII Shovel Track is designed to have the highest degree reliability with the following benefits;!• Non intrusive to install• No modification needed on the equipment• Minimal maintenance• 100% integration with SAFEDETECT Collision Avoidance, SMARTS and

360 degree ORLACO camera systems.!!

!

TRAXTAGSII SHOVEL TRACK

Comms International designs, deploys and supports fit-for-purpose, performance-driven communications & technology integration solutions; engineered to improve efficiency, safety and productivity for our clients. Comms International serves the global Underground and Open-Pit Mining industries as well as Rail and Off/On-shore Oil&Gas.

Comms International has its origins in Australia spanning almost two decades and our Brazilian foundation in TecWise Sistemas de Automaçao having operated with excellence for 17 years. Comms International is a privately owned, debt free company with a focus on the Brazilian, European & African markets, with an international expansion program targeting parts of Asia based on client pull.We are fortunate to attract and retain some of the worlds leading Communications engineers & Technology integration specialist, which are directly involved in the design and management of our different solutions. It is our goal to continue to grow into new markets, leveraging our current relationship base and case experiences to attract and retain the best-of-breed people talent to support and work with our clients.!- RF AGNOSTIC WIRELESS ENGINEERING & APP MANAGEMENT - SMART AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS- 3D TRACKING & 3D COLLISION AVOIDANCE- ENABLING INFRASTRUCTURE- SMART PMR SOLUTIONS - AIRBUS

ABOUT COMMS INTERNATIONAL

50

Phone: +44 207 193 4247 Fax: +44 207 117 4460

contact@commsinternational.com

TecWise Sistemas de Automaçao Ltda Phone: +55 31 3019-0129 tecwise@commsinternational.com Rua Rio Grande do Norte, 1164/501 (Savassi), Belo Horizonte. Brasil