Communication(from Latincommnicre, meaning "to share"[1]) is the activity of conveyinginformationthrough the exchange of ideas, feelings, intentions, attitudes, expectations, perceptions or commands, as by speech, gestures, writings, behavior and possibly by other means such as electromagnetic, chemical or physical phenomena. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more participants (machines, organisms or their parts).[2][3]Communication requires a sender, amessage, a medium and a recipient, although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver understands the sender's message.[citation needed]Communicating with others involves three primary steps:[4] Thought: First, information exists in the mind of the sender. This can be a concept, idea, information, or feeling. Encoding: Next, a message is sent to a receiver in words or other symbols. Decoding: Lastly, the receiver translates the words or symbols into a concept or information that a person can understand.There are a variety of verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. These includebody language,eye contact,sign language,haptic communication, andchronemics. Other examples aremedia contentsuch as pictures, graphics,sound, andwriting. TheConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilitiesalso defines the communication to include the display of text,Braille,tactilecommunication,large print, accessiblemultimedia, as well as written andplain language, human-reader,augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, including accessibleinformation and communication technology.[5]Feedbackis a critical component of effective communication.Verbal communicationHumanspoken and pictorial languages can be described as asystemofsymbols(sometimes known aslexemes) and thegrammars(rules) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word "language" also refers to common properties of languages.Language learningnormally occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the thousands of human languages use patterns ofsoundorgesturefor symbols which enable communication with others around them. Languages seem to share certain properties although many of these include exceptions. There isno defined linebetween a language and adialect.Constructed languagessuch asEsperanto,programming languages, and various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages. Communication is the flow or exchange of information within people or a group of people.Nonverbal communicationdescribes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Some forms of non verbal communication includechronemics,haptics,gesture,body languageorposture,facial expressionand eye contact, object communication such asclothing,hairstyles,architecture,symbols,infographics, and tone of voice, as well as through an aggregate of the above. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known asparalanguage. This form of communication is the most known for interacting with people. These include voice lesson quality, emotion and speaking style as well as prosodic features such asrhythm,intonationandstress. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage.[6]Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use ofemoticonsto convey emotional expressions in pictorial form.Oral communication, while primarily referring tospoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. Oral communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions, and aspects of interpersonal communication. As a type of face-to-face communication,body languageand choice tonality play a significant role, and may have a greater impact upon the listener than informational content. This type of communication also garners immediate feedback, and generally involves thecooperative principle.A business can flourish only when all objectives of the organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the organization must be able to convey their message properly.Effective communication occurs when a desired effect is the result of intentional or unintentional information sharing, which is interpreted between multiple entities and acted on in a desired way. This effect also ensures that messages are not distorted during the communication process. Effective communication should generate the desired effect and maintain the effect, with the potential to increase the effect of the message. Therefore, effective communication serves the purpose for which it was planned or designed. Possible purposes might be to elicit change, generate action, create understanding, inform or communicate a certain idea or point of view. When the desired effect is not achieved, factors such as barriers to communication are explored, with the intention being to discover how the communication has been ineffective.Nonverbal communicationis the process ofcommunicationthrough sending and receiving wordless (mostlyvisual) cues between people. It is sometimes mistakenly referred to asbody language(kinesics), but nonverbal communication encompasses much more, such as use of voice (paralanguage), touch (haptics), distance (proxemics), and physical environments/appearance.[1]Typically overlooked in nonverbal communication areproxemics, or the informal space around the body andchronemics: the use of time. Not only considered eye contact,oculesicscomprises the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate.Even speech contains nonverbal elements known asparalanguage, includingvoice quality, rate, pitch,volume, and speaking style, as well asprosodicfeatures such asrhythm,intonation, andstress. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page. However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on interaction between individuals,[2]where it can be classified into three principal areas:environmentalconditions where communication takes place, physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during interaction.Nonverbal communication involves the processes of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of generating the information such as facial expressions, gestures, and postures. Decoding is the interpretation of information from received sensations from previous experiences. Only a small percentage of the brain processes verbal communication. As infants, nonverbal communication is learned from social-emotional communication, making the face rather than words the major organ of communication. As children become verbal communicators, they begin to look at facial expressions, vocal tones, and other nonverbal elements more subconsciously.Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized. In many Indigenous American Communities, for example, there is often an emphasis on nonverbal communication, which acts as a valued means by which children learn. In this sense, learning is not dependent on verbal communication; rather, it is nonverbal communication which serves as a primary means of not only organizing interpersonal interactions, but conveying cultural values, and children learn how to participate in this system from a young age.[