communication in substation

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Communication in SubstationJiri Pokorny, TC/January 2014

Basic Overview


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© ABB GroupMarch 4, 2015| Slide 2

Communication in SubstationGeneral requirements

Data integrity

Performance, throughput, capacity, response time

Easy engineering principles

Support for independent station level units

Peer-to-peer communication

Accurate time synchronization Disturbance immunity

Minimum single points of failures

Openness

Security

Long life-cycle

Deterministic behaviour Supervision of devices


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Communication in SubstationEvolution towards Ethernet

Ethernet (1988)

80’s 90’s

MODBUS RTU

(1979, Modicon - > Schneider)

IEC 60870-5-101 (1995)

IEC 60870-5-104 (2000)SPA (1984)

21st century

Industry

Utility

LON

PROFIBUS DP (1993)

MODBUS TCP

DNP 3.0 LAN WANDNP 3.0 (1993, Westronic -> GE)

IEC 60870-5-103 (1997)

IEC 61850-8-1 (2004)

IEC 61850-8-1

Serial Communications = bits of data exchanged serially through interface0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0


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Communication in Substation

PPMV Brno internalUG Pro users

PPMV Brno FES UGPro users

Protocol usage in UniGear Pro tenders


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Local Industrial DataCommunications• Modbus RTU

• Profibus DP


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Communication in SubstationModbus RTU

Developed by Modicon Inc. (standard since 1979) Open protocol, used worldwide

Media: twisted pair or fiber Topology: bus Method: Master/Slave

Recommended up to 8 IEDs /1 Master

Typical communication rate: 19.2 kb/s


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Communication in SubstationModbus RTU – Typical Application Examples

RS485

Master

Slave 1Slave 2

Slave 3

Slave 1

Master

Slave 3Slave 2

Fiber Optic

SPA-ZC22

Slave 1

Master

Slave 3Slave 2

Fiber Optic SPA-ZC22


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Communication in SubstationProfibus DP

Open protocol, designed for Industry, standardizedin IEC 61158 / EN 50170

Method: Master/Slave, Peer to Peer

Media: twisted pair or fiber

Topology: bus, ring, star

Max. communication rate: 12 Mb/s


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Communication in SubstationProfibus DP – Typical Application Examples

Slave 2

Profibus DPMaster

Slave 1 Slave 3

RS485

SPA-ZC302 Communication GatewayProfibus DP Slave / SPA Master Slave 2

Profibus DPMaster

Slave 1 Slave 3

RS485


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Multi-drop communication

Multiple receivers andtransmitters on each line

Defines electrical andmechanical details,but not protocol

Supported communications

Half Duplex (3wires)

Full Duplex (5wire)

Shielded twisted pair

RS485 (or EIA-485)


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Communication in SubstationSPA-ZC22 – Bus Connection module

Used for dividing systeminto several fiber optic rings

Modbus

Only 1 IED/ring

5x or 2x fiber optic

interface (ST)


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Communication in SubstationSPA-ZC302 – SPA (IEDs)/Profibus DP V1 slave

Up to 16 SPA slaves/1 GW

No. of connected IEDsdepends on

Transferred Data quantity

Response time

requirement

SPA: RS232/485 (DB9)

Profibus DP: RS485 (DB9)


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Communication in Substation5205-MNET-PDPS - ModbusTCP client/Profibus DP slave

1 GW/several IEDs

18–36 VDC => Powerconverter is needed

Modbus TCP

1x 10/100TX (RJ45)

Profibus DP

RS485 (DB9F)


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Ethernet in SA Applications• IEC 61850-8-1 (Station bus)• Modbus TCP/IP• DNP3 TCP/IP


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Communication in SubstationWhy to use Ethernet?

Future-proof Technology

Continuous further development

Communication technology where the most money is put in

Widespread availability and market familiarity

Vast IT infrastructure (switches, routers, network management

tools, …)

Huge R&D efforts

Communication flexibility

Support for various transmission technology

Fiber Optic, Copper, Wireless

Support different Architecture Cascading, Ring (network redundancy), Star, Hybrid (Mixed)

Multiple protocols on the same network


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Communication in SubstationWhy to use Ethernet?

Remote and predictive diagnostic

Network speeds increased from 10Mb/s to 10Gb/s andgrowing

Easy migration to higher-speed networks as they becomeavailable

Cost savings Wiring installation and maintenance

One network

Multiple protocols on the same network

Wiring infrastructure can remain when control system isupgraded or replaced


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Communication in SubstationNetwork Topologies for Ethernet Switches

Ring Topology (recommended)

Built-in redundancy

Cost effective cabling

Latency All Managed Ethernet switches of the same manufacturer

…

S/S1

Fiber Optic

Not our scope


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Communication in SubstationNetwork Topologies for Ethernet Switches

Star Topology

Low Latency – any IED to IED communication requires onlytwo “hops”

No redundancy shown

(Redundant star needs two Ethernet interfaces at each IED)

…

S/S1

Fiber Optic

Not our scope


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Communication in SubstationConnections for IEDs - Direct connection

Total No. of Ethernet ports = No. of IEDs + Spare ports forfuture IED extension + 2x Fiber optic ports for ringinterconnection + (fiber optic ports for uplink connection)

…

Fiber Optic or STP

Fiber Optic


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611, 615 (exceptRED) and 620 seriesIEDs

Connections for IEDs

Self-healing Ethernet ring

Ring is controlled by Managed Ethernet switch with RSTPsupport (essential part)

Avoids single point of failure concerns

Up to thirty IEDs per ring

Not possible to detect where ring is interrupted

Reconfiguration (might be 1s)

…

Fiber Optic or STP


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Communication in SubstationRedundancy

High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)

Same data is sent into both directions on the ring

Eliminating communication downtime

Supported by 615 Series IEC (except RED 615) and 620Series IEC

max. 30 IEDs


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Communication in SubstationRedundancy

Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP)

Same data is sent to both networks

Eliminating communication downtime

Supported by 615 Series IEC (except RED 615) and 620Series IEC and REF542+

Don’t interconnect LAN A and LAN B

LAN BLAN A


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Twisted pair cablewith RJ45 connectors

Technology / Cabling

Metal cabling

Two twisted pairs

Shielded (Factoryapplications)

Category CAT6 S/FTP or

better Susceptible to EMI,

therefore should be onlyused inside cabinets

Easy to terminate withRJ45 (not ruggedized)connectors

Faster than 10Gb/sdoubtful


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FO cable Structure

Core – very thinstrand of glass thatcarries the data

Cladding – anotherlayer of glass withdifferent refractionindex to either keeplight in or out of thecore

Buffer – protectivelayer

Technology / Fiber Optic

Main advantages of Fiber Optic

Greatest bandwidth of all media types

Immunity to Electromagnetic and RadioFrequency Interference)

Increased security (resistance toeavesdropping)

Extended distance capability

Speed Scalability

Excellent galvanic separation (No grounding)

Lightweight cable with small diameter

Higher port density

Less Congestion in pathways and spaces

Lower long-term maintenance costs

Future Proof (migration to faster speeds andhigher bandwidth)


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Communication in SubstationTechnology / Fiber Optic

Multi-mode Fiber Optic – ABB standard

Light travels multiple paths within the core

Multi-mode links: multi-mode transceivers & multi-mode cabling

62.5/125µm (core/cladding size)

Wavelength: 1300nm

The most common


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Duplex Patchcordwith LC-LCconnectors

Typical fiber Opticconnectors in ourapplications

Technology / Fiber Optic

Duplex Patch cord

Optical cable used toconnect one device toanother for signal routing

Consists of two fibers

It is terminated byconnectors on both ends

Keep minimal bend radius

Depends on specificfiber cable

> 10x outer diameter ofthe fiber cable

LC connectors


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AFS 670 Series

(up to 24 ports)

Default !

AFS67x

AFS66x – DIN-rail

Technology / Devices

RSG2100 Series

(up to 19 ports)

RSG2100

RSG2300

RS900 – DIN-rail

Managed Ethernet Switch

IEC 61850 & IEEE1613approved

Extended temperaturerating (-40 + 85 ºC)

Universal High voltagepower supply

Number of ports affects

Connections for IEDs(ring, direct)

Interconnection among

switches

Required spares

Uplink connection


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Ethernet switchRSG2100 assembledin LVC of UniGear

Technology / Devices

Location

Inside Low VoltageCompartment of theUniGear panels

Typically in Bus riser,Metering panel

Check switch sizes if

fit

Main benefits

Cubicles are ready forconnection

Saving space insubstation building

Shorter communicationlinks

Cheaper solution


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IEC 61850-8-1 (Station bus)


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Communication in SubstationIEC 61850 Standard / Station bus

I have

problem to

perform

operation

I can hear

you and

help you

1st device, do you

send me information

about ..?

Yes, I do

It’s vertical communication (MMS)

It’s HorizontalCommunication (GOOSE)


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Communication in SubstationConventional vs. GOOSE approach

Horizontal GOOSEcommunication

Number ofinterconnections isequal to number ofdevices

Conventional approach

Wiring between devicesmust be done individuallyper signal

…

…


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Simplicity All devices are connected via single attachment to the

network

Higher level of standardization

Standardized mechanical and electrical connectionsand links

Logics can be defined after construction phase

Less I/O HW in IEDs, terminals, relays, MCBs, wires

LVC for conventionaland. GOOSEapproach

GOOSE – New added value


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Performance

GOOSE is faster (12-17ms) than the overallhardwired one

Higher error detection

Interruption of Ethernet

link is detected withinconfigurable settings

Preconfigured fail-safeoperation in case of failure


Performancetested inaccording toIEC 62271-3 byKEMA


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Flexibility

Simple or complex automation schemes with no increase ofwiring costs

Last minute change possible

Improved diagnostics

Constantly supervised connection

Preconfigured fail-safe operation in case of failure Scalability

Switchgears, SCADA, …

Connectivity

To upper level system, to Smart Grids

Save time

(Engineering), manufacturing, erection, start-up, maintenance Up-to-date and Future-proof technology

Long-term validity, right investments



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Communication in SubstationGOOSE support with ABB IEDs

Relion® product family

Performance class P1/1A

(10ms)

PPMV Brno

Product-mix %


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Remote IO - RIO600

Digital I/Os extension

Modular architecture with support up to40 I/Os

Power supply module

Communication module Binary Input module (8xBI)

Binary Output module (4xBO)

DIN-rail mountable modules

Applicability

No IED in panel

Digital I/O extension for IED

HW interface

I/Os for COM600

GOOSE support with ABB IEDs


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PPMV Brno internalUG Pro users

PPMV Brno FES UGPro users

IEC 61850-8-1 usage in UniGear Pro tenders 11/2013


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Prepared Documentation inePLAN


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Information about

Interconnectionbetween IED andEthernet switch

Networkarchitecture

Device location – panel No.

…

Network Overview Diagram


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Relion® product family IEDs


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Communication in SubstationREF, REM, RET, REG 630 *1.2

Modbus

via gateway


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Communication in SubstationREF, REM, RET, 620 *2.0

Profibus DP

via gatewayModbus/Profibus slave

5205-MNET-PDPS(1 GW/4 IEDs)

5105-MCM-PDPS


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Communication in SubstationREF, REM, RET, REU 615 *4.0 FP1

Profibus DP



5105-MCM-PDPS


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Communication in SubstationRED 615 *4.0

Profibus DP



5105-MCM-PDPS


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Communication in SubstationREF, REM, REB 611 *1.0

Profibus DP



5105-MCM-PDPS


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Substation Automation


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Communication in SubstationSwitchgear with Station Automation

Grid AutomationController COM600

Offers All-in-one

User Interface

CommunicationGateway

Automation Platform


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Communication in SubstationWeb Human Machine Interface Functionality

Single Line Diagram withdynamic busbar coloring

Switch Device Control

Management of alarmsand events

Measurements

Disturbance RecordUpload

Protection functionsparameter Setting

System diagnostic

Access and user

management

Data Historian


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Communication in SubstationConnectivity


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communication in substation

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