communication skills-i pel101 noun a) complete the

COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I PEL101

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NOUN

A) Complete the exercise with correct forms of the given nouns. Use each noun only one

time.

Attorney beach box

Discovery laboratory man

Medium match piano

1. The age at which the first tooth appears differs greatly from child to child.

Very occasionally, children are born with one or more………….

2. I need some…………..to light the fire.

3. Studies are showing that………..process information differently from

women.

4. Maria needed some legal advice for her businesses, so she contacted two

………….

5. New scientific……….are made every day in…………..

throughout the world.

PRONOUN

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences.

1. We all told the boss that we wanted to have ---- salaries paid in advance but he just ignored ----. A) ours / it B) his / we C) their / our D) we / his E) our / us

2. When the man asked me how I had got ---- address, I told him that I was given it by a relative

of -------.

A) my / me

B) his / his

C) mine / his

D) his / him


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E) him / him

3. Although ---- in the room seemed to follow ---- said by the speaker, he never intended to

simplify his language.

A) no one / anything

B) anybody / anything

C) nobody / nothing

D) anyone / nothing

E) someone / something

4. We decided to do all the cooking ---- instead of hiring a catering company for the party.

A) of our own

B) oneself

C) by ourselves

D) ours

E) each other

5. Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing ---- homework with a background of pop-music

to doing ---- in a quiet room.

A) theirs / them

B) his / its

C) them / it's

D) they / them

E) their / it

6. You and ---- brother need to take time to prepare ---- for the long journey which will start next

month.

A) his / yourself

B) yours / ourselves

C) their / you

D) your / yourselves

E) her / by themselves

7. The kids watched each gesture of ---- as if their mother were a stranger.

A) them

B) hers

C) him

D) her

E) himself

8. Trademarks enable a company to distinguish ---- products from ---- of another company. A) their / it B) it / that


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C) our / this D) its / those E) my / these

ADJECTIVES 1. An adjective describes a verb. A) True B) False 2. You can begin a sentence with an adjective. A) True B) False 3. It is very ______ to write clearly. A) dangerous B) important C) silly 4. There are no more ______ towels in the cupboard. A) white B) dirty C) empty 5. I can't afford that coat. I need to find a _______ one. A) black B) cheaper C) fashionable 6. I've lost my glasses so I'm wearing my ________ ones. A) clean B) better C) old 7. Be careful - the roads are ______ after the rain. A) slippery B) long C) bendy 8. 'Better' can be an adjective A) True B) False 9. 'Surprised' can be an adjective A) True B) False 10. 'Angrily' can be an adjective A) True B) False

VERB Fill in the correct form of the verb – All tenses 1. They ___________________ in Chicago for 20 years (be). 2. I ___________________ a wonderful film in the cinema last night. (see) 3. The sun ___________________ at 6:38 yesterday morning (rise) 4. The sun ___________________ when the climber reached Mount Everest. (shine) 5. I promise that I ___________________ this secret to anyone (not tell)


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6. Unfortunately, just as we got to the airport their plane ___________________ off (take). 7. They ___________________ to the movies only once in a while (go) 8. I was tired yesterday because I ___________________ well the night before (not sleep). 9. Sh! Someone ___________________ to our conversation (listen)! 10. When I left the house this morning, it ___________________ (already rain) 11. I think Bob ___________________ for London this very moment.(leave) 12. The plane ___________________ off in a few minutes. (take) 13. I ___________________ up at 7 every morning but this morning I ___________________ long and I ___________________ up until 8. (get, sleep, not get) 14. I ________________________ my watch because it is being fixed (not wear). 15. This ___________________ an easy quiz so far (be). 16. They ___________________ in an apartment right now because they can’t find a cheap house. (live) 17. Everyone ___________________ when the earthquake hit the small town. (sleep) 18. He _________________________ by herself since her divorce (live) 19. I was angry that I ___________________ such a stupid mistake (make). 20. I predict that by 2020, man __________________________ on Mars (land) 21. He ___________________ his job a couple of years ago. (quit) 22. Our daughter __________________________ from the university yet (gradate). 23. They ___________________ any Christmas cards last year (not send) 24. She ___________________ to a doctor once a year for an examination (go) 25. They ___________________ about me when I interrupted their conversation. (talk) 26. Nothing much ______________________ when I got to the meeting (happen). 27. My parents ___________________ in New York two weeks from today (be). 28. I ___________________ two mistakes in the last quiz. (make) 29. Unfortunately, our team ___________________ any games last year. (not win)

ADVERB Put the adverb in the right place in the sentence: 1. She goes to bed early (always) __________________________________________________________________ 2. We watch TV (never) __________________________________________________________________ 3. Julie and Tom go to the cinema (often) __________________________________________________________________ 4. Alex meets John (once a week) __________________________________________________________________ 5. I eat fast food (sometimes) __________________________________________________________________ 6. They cook at home (hardly ever) __________________________________________________________________ 7. He studies English (every night)


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__________________________________________________________________ 8. You drink coffee (normally)

__________________________________________________________________ 9. I go to the park (rarely) __________________________________________________________________ 10. They go to a restaurant (from time to time) __________________________________________________________________ 11. You visit your parents (several times a year)

__________________________________________________________________ 12. She goes to museums (seldom)

PREPOSITION

A) Complete the exercise with appropriate prepositions. 1. Nice……..meet you. 2. Don’t be late…….school. 3. Are you the new student……….Portugal? 4. Are you a teacher……….this school? 5. Jessica is…….vacation. She is……….Italy now. 6. What is this called…………English? 7.. Look………..the flowers. 8. Adam's birthday is…………July. 9. Don’t run………..the classroom.

B)Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. 1. Compare your answers………..your partner. 2. This key holder is very special………me. 3. Apples and peaches are……………the same box. 4. Write………..me soon. 5. Have you got a piece………..paper?


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6. What’s the calculator for? It is……….my exam. 7. I’m tall………..black hair and brown eyes. 8. We have a house…………a big backyard. 9. I come……………a big family. 10. Match the pictures…………the names. 11. Is your house…………the country? 12. Guess what I have………..my hand? 13. I have two color pens. What………..you?

CONJUCTION

Fill in the blanks with the given conjunctions below. (Capitalize where needed)

now that although Because while nor otherwise thus

nonetheless because of Therefore unlike since both as

1. Stephen Crane's schooling was not continuous; ---- he read all of the 19th-century English

writers and the Greek and Latin classics.

2. Medical scientists have not yet discovered what causes muscular dystrophy, an inherited

disorder that strikes nerve tissue and cripples its victim. ---- do they know what causes sudden

death syndrome.

3. ---- more and more is learned about the biochemical changes that go on in the body ---- it

grows older, scientists may someday be able to modify those changes to ensure better health for

the aged.

4. ---- the emphasis on the technical study of language and literature, Roman education was

remote from the real world and the interests of the schoolboys.

5. ---- the Greeks, who considered physical health a part of education, the church considered the

human body something to be ignored.

6. Abundance of prey can vary locally within a region. ----, whales must be prepared to move

constantly in search of the highest food densities.


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7. ---- some teachers guide the natural development of the child's innate powers, others build

knowledge into the child's mind through a systematic method of instructions.

8. A greenhouse is used ---- for displaying plants and, where winters are cold, for growing plants

that would not ---- survive the seasonal change.

9. ---- its creation in 1903, the High Court of Australia has been responsible for interpreting the

constitution

10. ---- T.S. Eliot published few poems, they have had a tremendous influence on modern poetic

technique.

INTERJECTION

Directions: In the sentences below, identify the interjections.

1. Oops! Trina finally arrived on time but forgot to bring her lucky blue pen.

2. Did you hear that Prof. O’Bannon cancelled class? Yippee! Now we are free for the

afternoon.

3. Blech! Tell the chef that we will not eat brown lettuce with slimy tomatoes.

4. The python escaped his small cage again, and the cat has disappeared. Uh-oh.

5. Ha! You have broccoli in your teeth! Now I know that you ate my Chinese leftovers.

6. The essay will just fit on my last two blank sheets of paper. Whew!

7. Yo, dude, the sandwich is mine, so you need to return my lunch now!

8. We alone earned high scores on the notoriously difficult first exam in chemistry. Booyah!

9. Eek! A large snake just slithered across the driveway and into our garage.

10. Identical twins look alike? Duh! Give us information that we do not already know!

11. Smells from the kitchen indicate that Bianca will serve macaroni and cheese with dinner.

Yum!

12. Whoa! You have jumped to a hasty conclusion that the evidence does not support.

13. Eww! Henry must remember to rinse his whiskers from the sink after he shaves.

14. Yowza! We did not anticipate hours of work when we agreed to rake the yard.

15. When Elijah confessed a kiss with Jacqueline, Jasmine whammo! ended their relationship on

the spot.

16. Ugh! The printer has jammed again, and today I must get to class on time!


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17. Huh? You want Sophia to run the register? But she failed math miserably!

18. Aaron carried four bags of heavy groceries up seven flights. Wow, the boy is in shape.

19. Geez, even Donald knows that the French Revolution had four principal causes.

20. After we begged and pleaded, Mom prepared tasty, fresh snails for dinner. Hooray!

Grammar.


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UNIT II PARTS OF A SENTENCE What is a sentence? Sentences provide us with the framework for the clear written expression of our ideas. The aim in writing is always to write in complete sentences which are correctly punctuated. Sentences always begin with a capital letter and end in either a full stop, exclamation or question mark. A complete sentence has a subject and predicate, and can often be composed of more than one clause. As long as it has a subject and a predicate, a group of words can form a sentence, no matter how short. In other words,

A sentence is a group of words that are put together to mean something

E.g. “You ate fish.” Angela is the cutest girl in the class.

SUBJECT & PREDICATE

What is a SUBJECT ?

Definition :

Subjects tell the listener and the reader whom or what the sentence is about. The

subject is that part of a sentence which names a person, thing, or idea.

e.g.

The master The teacher Stars

The dog Flowers The sun

Clock The girl The horse


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David The Child The newspaper

What is a Predicate?

Definition :

The predicate is that part of a sentence which tells something about the

subject.

e.g.

teaches well eats grass twinkle at night

the phonograph shines during the day bite the boy

crows in the morning dances well is clever

Subject and Predicate Examples

Notice how the following sentences are divided into subject and predicate: e.g.

Subject Predicate

The teacher teaches well

Stars twinkle at night

Flowers bloom in the garden

Dogs like to bark and sniff

Active boys never stop playing


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The birds always sing early in the morning

The horse is white

The young, worried pilot read the storm warning

Taylor and Charlie played with their toys

The waiter tripped and fell over the diner’s legs

CLAUSES & PHRASES

A sentence can be categorized in two ways i.e. a clause and a phrase.

A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used as a single

part of speech.

• A phrase does not carry any meaning of its own, due to the absence of

subject and verb, but it clarifies the context, and forms a part of a clause or

sentence which is used to provide further information. It can be very short – or

quite long.

Two examples of phrases are:

• “After dinner”

• “Waiting for the rain to stop”.

Phrases can’t be used alone, but you can use them as part of a sentence, where they are used as parts of speech.

A clause is also a group of words, which contains a subject and a predicate and

the verb and subject always agree.

Example: This is my last attempt for IAS examination.

A clause can function as a sentence, which may or may not be a complete one.


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CLAUSE PHARSE

Vicky ‘s dog went missing on the last stormy night.

They all started walking toward the mall.

Chelsea was waiting in front of the movie theater.

Did you look for your binder under your bed?

There are two types of clauses:

1. Subordinate Clause

2. Coordinate Clause

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

A subordinate clause is a clause that cannot stand alone. It is not independent.

Remember that an independent clause has a subject and a verb and expresses

a complete thought-it can stand alone. A subordinate clause has a subject

and a verb, but it cannot stand alone. It doesn't express a complete thought.

A subordinate clause is different from a phrase. A phrase is a group of

related words, but it doesn't have both a subject and a verb. A subordinate

clause has a subject and a verb. But it doesn't express a complete thought.

Another word for subordinate is dependent. Sometimes you will hear these

clauses called dependent clauses.

Examples of Subordinate Clauses:

1. Because I said so (I=subject; said=verb)

2. When I was five (I=subject; was=verb)

3. Since it will rain today (it=subject; will rain=verb)

4. Who is my best friend (not written as a question-who=subject; is=verb)

5. If you pass the test (you=subject; pass=verb)


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COORDINATE CLAUSE

A coordinate clause is a type of clause that contains two or more clauses that are

joined by a coordinating conjunction, a connective. A coordinate clause is not

syntactically dependent one on another. An independent clause that is connected to

another one of equal importance, often with a conjunction such as ‘and’, ‘but’, or

‘or’. And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet — are the seven coordinating conjunctions.

For example in the sentence ‘He died and she married again’ there are two

coordinate clauses.

Example:

1. John likes burger, but Jolly prefers hot dogs.

2. We might to Goa for this vacation, or we might go to our hometown.

3. He is poor, but is trustworthy as well as honest.

4. You should work hard, or you cannot get success.

5. He gets up at 6 o’clock every morning and goes out to walk.

However, coordinate clause comprises of two or more clauses and they both have

the same status in the sentence and usually connected by the coordinating

conjunctions. In coordinate clause, both the clauses have equal importance and

usually, ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘so’, ‘yet’ are used to connect two independent clauses.

These examples can clear the structure of the coordinate clauses.

Independent clauses: Riya wanted popcorn. Nadia wanted a sandwich.

Together: Riya wanted popcorn, but Nadia wanted a sandwich.

communication skills-i pel101 noun a) complete the

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