COMMUNITY MANAGED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ( CMDRR) APPROACH/CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

PROGRAMME

PRESENTATION MADE AT

STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECTWORKSHOP

24th June 2010

BY: SAFIA ABDI

CORDAID-

Outline

About Cordaid

Link between view of CMDRR/CCA /SD

Cordaid CMDRR/CCA

programme/approach

Climate smart approach/CMDRR

Challenges

Way Forward

ABOUT CORDAID

Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid [Cordaid]

Dutch International relief and development NGO

Works in 36 countries with over 1000 partners- in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe

Partners/donors: Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation, EC, ECHO, Dutch public, Caritas Internationalis…

4 programmes- In Kenya- enhanced pastoralist voice, CMDRR, and Urban slums

How we view CCA/DRR/devpt

With climate change- frequency and intensity of Hazard increases

Increase in hazard/disaster events adversely affect sustainable development and growth of nations and communities- funds are diverted to relief activities.. (Co-relation between hazard event and GDP)

With CC there are opportunities and risks- Adaptation- addressing risk, turn opportunities into assets

Adaptation and DRR measurs aim at reducing impacts of hazards and enhance peoples/nations adaptive capacity –by extension contribute to sustainable development-

CCA/DRR intervention planning that take into consideration the various future scenarios based on the science is a building block for sustainable development.

Enjoyment of equal and inalienable rights of people is the foundation of freedom, justice, peace and safety. Poor governance = increase in vulnerability=not safe/resilient- therefore need to link the 3.

The three are mutually inclusive/mutually beneficial

CMDRR/CCA in Kenya

Implemented in the pastoralist areas- active in Moyale, Mandera, Isiolo, Samburu, and Marsabit

Overall objective- build safe and resilient communities.

Priority activities ( after PDRA&A) supported. These could be prevention, mitigation activities targeting the hazard, preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.

Mainly focus on drought as a hazard but others-conflict management, floods, livestock disease...shaped by PDRA and analysis

Combine drought cycle management and DRR/CCA approaches and strategies

CMDRR Programme

Core Principles of CMDRR

Communities are at the centre of CMDRR

They manage DRR process/PDRA&A

Development organizations’ role is facilitation ( not solution providers) and employees are learning agents and not change agents

CMDRR is multi-stakeholder process and facilitation done through multi-agency approach ( broad based partnership )

CMDRR best done through multi-hazard approach

Effective community organization is the foundation of CMDRR

MEL & ADVOCACY an integral part of CMDRR.

CMDRR Formula

Hazard ≠ Disaster

Hazard can be natural and man made but disasters are caused by hazard when it interact with human condition ( exposure and lack of capacity to cope).

Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity

Capacity looked at from two angles- capacity for hazards and capacity for vulnerability.

Tools, facilitators, community members

knowledge & skills, time

Conclusion on risk levelsAccept risk level or relocate elements

at risk if risk level is not acceptableIdentify and prioritize what Needs to

be done

Set DRR goals and objectives

Inputs :

Community Development plan

Hazard mitigation/prevention

Strengthening systems/organ.

Livelihood enhancement

Capacity building

Community Risk Reduction Plan

Contingency

plan

Processing

Outputs

CMDRR PROCESS

PDRA

Hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment

Risk analysis

Monitoring

Evaluation &

Learning

Community organization

responsible for

implementation of DRR plan

Climate smart approach of our

programmeTackling exposure to changing extremes:

Making DRR a priority

Lobby at International/ national level through networks like Kenya Climate Change working Group, CIDSE- the National climate Change Response strategy have plans for DRR actions.

Cordaid is a member of the national DRR platform (

Assessing changing risks and vulnerabilities Risk assessment mostly based on local knowledge but also other secondary

data. plans to use data based on regional and down-scaled climate information..

Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments – Depend on local knowledge and experience- Element at risk include human, productive assets and critical structures

Increase public awareness of climate change and disaster risks

investing in building own staff, partners and community capacity on DRR/ climate change

Early warning and preparedness – communities EWS and modern used.

Proactive Local institutions – After PDRA&A) , community organization is formed- for mobilization of community and resources

Tackling exposure to changing extremes

Reduce exposure of physical environment to changing risks : e.g activities like rangeland rehabilitation to enhance pasture growth. Relocation in some region

Reduce exposure of livelihood strategies to changing risks Local Economy : livelihood diversification options like- fish

farming, dry land farming, petty trade, sericulture, eco-tourism, restocking with resilient animals like camels and goats.

Social relations – promote social cohesion e.g conflict transformation- development of resource use pacts btw communities- saved many lives and livelihood in the drought of 2008/2009

Enhancing adaptive capacity

Creating flexible and effective institutions

Effective delivery –strengthening community institutions – e.g Rangeland Users Association in Isiolo district (more still need to be done)

Flexibility – Cordaid and partners staff well trained on DRR and Climate Change. Partners sale their CAP/Contingency plans to various actors.

Whatever comes out of well facilitated PDRA&A process is flexibly funded, of course depending on resources available...

At national level, effective institutions are necessary but the capacity of existing structures is inadequate in terms of leadership on the subject and outreach.

Promoting learningInteractive learning – Mandated- linking and learning.

Intra/inter country/ community and partners Learning tours

documentation of best practices

Reaching out to other actors- eg ECHO.

Adopting multi-Level perspectivesLinkages across scales – local level experiences have been used as evidence in lobby and advocacy (REGLAP)

Considering greater uncertainty

Scenario planning- Contingency plans developed at community level based on worst case scenario exercise. But scientific prediction fairly used.

Addressing Poverty, Vulnerability

and their Causes

Some of the interventions under 1 and 2 above by extension deals with this.

invested in developing livestock marketing infrastructure

Support heath projects

Support schools with water facilities to reduce drop-out during drought.

A different Cordaid programme support issues of civic education and other lobby work to enhance voices of pastoralist in the local and national government agenda’s.

Environmental Impact Assessment /audit done for projects for environmental sustainability but not for carbon stewardship

Challenges

At policy/national level

DRR policy still in draft=moneraty allocations and

establishment of certain structures and system

delayed

Limited integration of policies: DRR and CC have good

link but what about other sectoral policies.

Blame game = using CC

Poor co-ordination between ministries- not effective

and efficient.

Challenges contd

At local level

Different actors using different tools- confusing the

community.

Poor co-ordination of activities among actors.

Communities local knowledge esp. on EWS often

ignore and not incorporated into the modern EWS.

Some overarching systems killing local initiatives and

coping mechanism- e.g relief food distribution

throughout the year for over 10 yrs.

Documentation of best practices not adequately done.

Way forward

Improve institutional linkages-practice.

Government to provide leadership and outreach.

More research esp. CC - to generate information

CSOs to document best practices and lessons- for advocacy and

replication.

Capacity building on DRR/CC

Develop a common approach/tools

Build on indigenous knowledge

Advocate for good governance as it it the foundation of safety.

Pictures-Lined pan

Hand-pump on a shallow well

Ahsanteni

Underground tank

Animal health

Bee-keeping

Camel- resilient asset

Rehabilitated rangeland

Thank you.