community oriented policing, united states, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
Community Oriented Policing, US, 2015:Bridging the Divide or Falling off the Bridge?
INSPECT2 WorkshopVienna, Austria
November 3rd, 2015
Dr. Maria (Maki) Haberfeld, John Jay College of Criminal Justice
The citizen expects police officers to have
the wisdom of Solomon,
the courage of David,
the strength of Samson,
the patience of Job,
the leadership of Moses,
the kindness of the Good Samaritan,
the strategical training of Alexander,
the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln,
the tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth, and finally,
an intimate knowledge of every branch
of the natural, biological, and social sciences.
If he had all these, he might be a good policeman!
(August Vollmer, cited in Bain, 1939).
What’s the difference – The “Ferguson Effect” ?
“COPS OR CRIMINALS – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?”
(The Departed, 2006)
C – COURTESY:
P – PROFESSIONALISM:
R- RESPECT:
United States – History of Policing
Cities versus Rural Qualifications The Southern Slaves Patrol Multiculturalism – whose values/interests? Power Corrupts
The Political Era – 1840s till 1920s – OR – 2015?
No standards:
* recruitment
* selection
* training
* equipment
Close contacts
Corruption
The Professional Era – 1930s till 1970s – OR – 2015?
Standards (?) Education/training (?) Technology Change in Deployment Change in Philosophy (?) Civil Rights and Progress
Pre-Community Policing Era (late 1970s- early 1980s) and 2015 Intelligence, Data Driven, Predictive Policing Goldstein and the Problem Oriented
Policing – from Reactive to ProactiveThe SARA ModelScanningAnalyzingRespondingAssessing
The Community Policing Era (1980s till 2015?)
Change in philosophy (?) Change in orientation (?) Change in recruitment/selection (?) Change in training (?) Change in deployment (?)
Change in Public’s Attitude (?)
The Community Policing Era
“WE” - can do it together
Ownership
Expectations
Commitment
Understanding
Trust
Accountability
Training
2015 – the Ferguson Effect The Predatory Era (?)
“Policing is hard on Democracy”
Policing “the Community”
Policing post 9/11
Policing post Ferguson
MISSION STATEMENT OF THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
IS TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OUR CITY BY WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
TO ENFORCE THE LAWS, PRESERVE THE PEACE, REDUCE FEAR, AND PROVIDE FOR A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.
Community, Individual & P/C Values
Genital Mutilation, Child Abandonment, Coining
UNIVERSAL VALUES
MY VALUES P/C VALUES
Enforcing The Law – Case Studies: NYPD, Fayetteville, NC
CONSTITUTION, STATE LAWS, LOCAL ORDINANCES
RIGHT TO PURSUE HAPINESS FREEDOM OF SPEECHDrug Use, Preferred Health Care…The Militia Movements, Radical Organizations…
How Do You Focus & Perform?
COMMUNITY VALUES
INDIVIDUAL VALUES LAW DRIVEN VALUES
THE PRICE
HUMAN LIFE AS A PRICE TO PAY – Focus on violations that cost lives, like speeding and drunken driving
HOW EXPENSIVE IS IT TO REDUCE FEAR? – NYPD: Stop and Frisk
Cost of a Safe Environment
Who pays and at what cost?
Will you still respect me the morning after?
Will you still respect yourself the next morning?
Bridging the Divide or Falling from the Bridge? Back to the Past? EXPERIMENTS – 1970S
The Kansas City Patrol
Neighborhood Food Patrol
ICAP; SARA
Team Policing
EXPERIMENTS – 2015
2014 – NYPD – Reengineering
NYPD – NCO
Coffee with a cop
Intelligence Led, Data/Evidence Driven, Predictive Policing
IMPACT