Community Planning & Design

Where would you rather live? 0101049

Where would you rather live?What is a neighborhood?Webster Dic.: a place of distinguishing

characteristics where neighbors live.Compact and pedestrian-friendly;Contain a mixture of uses so that many of the daily

activities of living can occur within walking distance of one’s home;

Streets should be interconnected networks designed to encourage walking;

Have a broad ranger of housing types and price levels so that a true mix of society is possible;

Public gathering spaces in neighborhoods should be distinctive and centrally located to reinforce community identity;

Contain different types of open spaces, ranging in size

Housing types

Single-family detached

Single-family semi-detached (duplexes, triplexes,

Town houses

Apartments (low-rise, midrise, high-rise)

1. Single family detached dwellingsAre perceived by many as the ideal housing type. These

consist of free-standing structure with yard space on all four

sides. However, this form of development is the most

expensive and land-consuming form of housing, requiring

large amount of road construction, utilities construction and

land clearing.

Lot size: 420m2, 560-600m2, 700-930m2, 1100-1400m2, 1800-

2800m2;

Front yard setback: 5-15m, side-yard setback 1.5m; rear yard

setback 3m;﹥

2. Single family semi-detached dwellings

Known by such names as cluster home, zero-lot-line, duplex,

or triplex. Is an attempt to provide affordable single –family

housing to a large segments of the population. This is

accompanied by eliminating one of the side-yard and build the

house on the property line itself.

Lot size: width 10-15m, maintain both a front and rear yard;

The goal of this type of housing is to incorporate as many

features of single-family detached as possible, but at densities

that approach those of townhouses;

Zero-lot-line houses

Eliminate side yard

Reduce lot size and cost to

develop, with little or no

reduction in house size.

Zero-lot-line side yard usually

contains no windows or doors to

ensure privacy to adjacent unit.

Front yard Parking : single car

20-35%;double: 35-60% of lot

width.

Recessed car

parking

Forwardly

oriented front

door: increase

surveillance,

safety;

Larger rear yard

Side orientation-

better street and

neighborhood image;

Minimize impact from

the proximity the

street

Median break defines

primary entrance

Multiple access

points diffuse traffic

and reduce choke

points

3. townhousesEvolved as high-density housing in cities, originally serving as

a traditional element between commercial/industrial districts

and residential areas.

Advantage: they function primarily as a means of enhancing

density while providing more affording housing.

Free-standing, separate entities

Car parking: rear

Off-street parking lot

with few guest parking;

The space between the

buildings is filled with

continuous pavement;

Minimum front yard

landscaping space.

Elimination of front yard

parking opens view of the

building facades and

increases landscaping

space;

A reduced front yard

gives a larger, more

usable rear yard;

A sense of private access

is enhanced when a rear

alley is utilized;

Reduction of paved area.

A mounded & landscaped area screen parking areas from the primary street;

Ample guest parking is available behind the landscaped area; A varying building placement creates visually more

interesting and appealing streetscape;A sense of belonging and shared interest is fostered by the

common access drive.

Side orientation of parking reduces negative impact;

Unit front oriented to the green space or parking court;

The primary view is of buildings themselves, low side-yard

fencing, and green space;

Ample on-street parking is available to visitors;

A： reduced setback contains street space by creating vertical edge;

B: views are of building façade rather than parking lot;

D: corner space utilized as very accessible and highly visible parks

while improving the image.

5-6 story walk-up structures.

Two basic principles apply

to the layout of the apartment

complex: ins versus outs.

It is rare for one style to be

used exclusively over the

other. Most sites exhibit the

elements of both.

The overwhelmingly negative

impact of parked automobiles

is the primary aesthetic

failure in most apartment

complexes.

4. Apartments

interior parking A: Strong street exposure-highly

visible landscaping and

architectural design;

B: Parking areas are screened

from exterior view;

Lower infrastructure costs with

internalized services;

More direct access to the

exit/entrance possible with

internalized parking.

Centralized recreation area is

more accessible to all units;

Exterior orientation of structures

maximizes off-site views.

Exterior parkingRequire increased setbacks

for buildings;All buildings maintain direct

access to community building and recreation area with crossing any parking areas;

For residents views of the parking areas are minimized while for passersby, the parking is fully exposed;

More flexible building arrangements are possible;

For rear structures, access to the entrance/exits is long and convoluted.

Example: 上海浦东香梅花园

Effective methodsStub parking

Eyebrow parking

Sequestered parking: establishes different systems for both

the immediate resident parking and the through traffic.

Near the entrance of the site, the two systems diverge.

Stub parking Individual parking areas are designated for specific structure;Discourage use by non-residents; Internal collector road provides direct access to entire site

while enabling on-street parking for non-residents;Views along the collector road are of green space and

building, not parking lot.

Eyebrow parking Each parking area has two points of access to the collector street; Provide designated parking for specific buildings; Landscaped island helps buffer parking areas from the collector

street, improving views; angled orientation creates more dynamic views of buildings and

green spaces.

Sequestered parkingParking areas are

sequestered or separated

from the thro traffic;

Thro traffic, not interfering

with local traffic;

Views of parking areas are

screened by buildings and

green space;

Building and parking

placement is very flexible;

Views from off-site is of

green space, nor parking.

Structured orientation of

buildings instill a sense of

order;

Visual focal point and

neighborhood activity

center: prominent

entrance location;

Central storm-water

retention and walk path

serve as neighborhood

binding element as well as

site amenities;

Single point of entry concentrates traffic;No direct access to adjacent areas, isolated physically &

psychologically;Lack of defined street edge undermines the sense of enclosure;Commercial area requires elaborate screening and buffering

area, further create a sense of separateness;Space betwn isolated use becomes unmonitored and dangerous.

Locations often used for apartments is directly behind a shopping center but separated from it by service lane.

Primary access point: Marketing entrance; secondary: facilitates traffic flow to other land uses;

Building location reinforces street edge and sense of enclosure for street and the apartment site;

Direct access enhances the commercial activity while reducing the traffic on the collector street and the primary intersection;

Apartment site layout: eyebrow and sequestered parking

Course Work调查本市一个商业社区，运用市场经济条件下住房规划与设计理论 ,结合居民生活和出行方式和商业业态的变迁，分析其商业定位、规划与设计方面的成败得失，提出优化措施和建议。

要求：字数 3,000左右，不包括参考文献列表和所附图、表， A4 纸张单面打印， 11号或者 12号字体大小。

提交截止日期： 2011 年 12 月 5 日 9:00am，逾期不予受理。

格式：首页上半部为文章标题，下半部为申明 , 内容为：本人申明提交作业文章的所有内容均由本人完成，文中引用他人观点均已标明出处。签字：日期。

第二页需包括 abstract in English ， 120 至 150字。

末页为参考文献列表。