community transit

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Community Transit

This article is about the transit agency in Snohomish

County, Washington. It is not to be confused with Cobb

Community Transit.

Community Transit (CT) is the public transit authority

of Snohomish County, Washington, United States, ex-

cluding the city of Everett, in the Seattle metropolitan

area. It operates local bus, paratransit and vanpool service

within Snohomish County, as well as commuter buses

to Downtown Seattle and the University of Washington

campus. CT is publicly funded, financed through salestaxes, farebox revenue and subsidies, with an operating

budget of $133.2 million. The entire agency carried 9.8

million passengers in 2014 and its buses carried 8.7 mil-

lion, placing it fourth among transit agencies in the Puget

Sound region.[4]:100[5] The city of Everett, which serves as

the county seat, is served by Everett Transit, a municipal

transit system.

Community Transit, officially the Snohomish County

Public Transportation Benefit Area Corporation, op-

erates a fleet of 225 accessible buses, 54 paratransit vehi-

cles, and 412 vanpool vans, maintained at two bus bases

located in the Paine Field industrial area in Everett. Ser-vice is provided year-round at 1,500 stops on 46 routes

throughout the county public transportation benefit area

(PTBA). CT began operation as SCPTBA Public Tran-

sit on October 4, 1976, four months after the third at-

tempt to establish public transit in Snohomish County

was approved. Renamed to Community Transit in 1979,

the agency expanded service in its first decades of exis-

tence, later taking over King County Metro commuter

routes to Seattle in 1989 and adding several cities into

its PTBA in the 1980s and 1990s. CT service hours fell

during two funding crises in the 2000s, after the passage

of Initiative 695 in 1999 and during a severe recessionfrom 2010 to 2012. Despite the cuts, which forced ser-

vice hours to fall short of rising demand, the agency de-

buted the state’s first bus rapid transit line, Swift, as well

as introducing "Double Tall" double-decker buses on its

commuter routes to Seattle.

1 History

Snohomish County established its public transportation

benefit area (PTBA) after municipal corporations for

public transportation were added to the Revised Codeof Washington by the Washington State Legislature in

1975.[6][7] The PTBA plan for a countywide bus system

was approved during a general election on June 1, 1976,

funded by a three-tenths increase of the sales tax rate in

member cities.[8][9] Two previous attempts to establish

a bus system, under the Snohomish County Transporta-

tion Authority (SNOTRAN) in 1974,[10] were rejected

by voters from the entirety of Snohomish County.[11][12]

Heavy opposition came from the residents of Everett

because of the high sales tax rate and planned absorp-

tion of Everett Transit, acquired by the city in 1969,[13]

forcing the SCPTBA to exclude Everett in its success-

ful attempt at creating a bus system.[14]

SCPTBA PublicTransit began operating in the cities of Brier, Edmonds,

Lynnwood, Marysville, Mountlake Terrace, Snohomish

and Woodway on October 4, 1976,[15] using 18 leased

GMC buses on seven routes carrying 6,414 passengers

without fares during the first week.[16][17]

SCPTBA Public Transit, nicknamed the “Blue Bus” for

its blue livery,[18] carried 951,200 passengers in its first

year of service on 15 local routes and 16 commuter ex-

press routes to Downtown Seattle and Northgate,[19] con-

tracted through King County Metro as a continuation of

service provided by the Metropolitan Transit Corporation

to southern Snohomish County prior to its merger withSeattle Transit System in 1973.[20][21] The buses ran for

16 hours a day, charging a base fare of 20 cents (equiv-

alent to $1.00 in 2016).[22][23] Among the most popu-

lar lines was Route R14, accounting for 21 percent of

system ridership in the first three months, running from

the Edmonds waterfront to Lynnwood and the Boeing

Everett Factory.[24] The agency acquired its first federal

subsidies from the Urban Mass Transit Administration for

the 1978 fiscal year, to be used on the purchase of 18 new

buses as well as bus stop amenities, such as stop signs and

shelters.[19]

Community Transit was selected as the official name ofthe agency on June 19, 1979, recommended by Seattle-

based public relations firm McConnell Company ahead

of the winners of a public contest held by SCPTBA two

years prior.[18][25] CT continued to grow through the end

of the decade, annexing the cities of Arlington, Lake

Stevens, Monroe, Granite Falls, Mukilteo, Stanwood and

Sultan into the PTBA by 1980;[19][26] the bus system had

the largest growth in ridership within the state in 1980,

with local routes gaining 68.3 percent more riders and

Metro-operated “Cream Buses” to Seattle gaining 21.4

percent more riders.[26][27] Metro altered their number-

ing scheme for Snohomish County routes in 1981, cre-

ating the 400-series of routes, after the opening of thestate’s largest park and ride in Lynnwood.[28] The an-

1

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2 1 HISTORY

A 1989 Rapid Transit Series bus in Community Transit livery,

pictured in 2006.

nexations of outlying communities in northern and east-ern Snohomish County and the completion of park and

rides in Edmonds and Mountlake Terrace saw ridership

rise to over 3 million passengers by 1983. [29] Commu-

nity Transit took over the remaining commuter routes

to Seattle in 1989,[30][31] after commuter service was

subcontracted to American Transportation Enterprises in

1986.[32] The move to a private carrier was opposed by

both Metro and the Amalgamated Transit Union,[33][34]

but the introduction of 49 air conditioned coaches by

ATE led to a 25 percent increase in ridership by January

1987.[35][36] Commuter express service via Interstate 405

from CT park and rides in South Snohomish County

to the Eastside cities of Bellevue and Redmond began

in 1988 and 1990, respectively,[37][38] while Seattle ser-

vice was expanded with weekend service in 1990.[39] The

agency dedicated its own 20-acre (8.1 ha) bus base at

Kasch Park in 1985, replacing shared operations with the

Edmonds School District and Everett Transit, at a cost

of $4.8 million (equivalent to $106 million in 2016)[22]

that was mostly subsidized by the Urban Mass Transit

Administration.[40][41]

CT was involved in a criminal investigation conducted

by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the mid-

1990s of Ed’s Transmission, a transmission shop in Ev-

erett used by the agency for bus parts. Detectives from

the FBI and Snohomish County Sheriff seized records

from both parties and began a two-month audit of Com-

munity Transit management.[42] The auditors released a

report that criticized the management style of Executive

Director Ken Graska and his department heads, lead-

ing to the former’s resignation in December 1993 after

nine years at his position.[43] Federal prosecutors accused

Ralph Woodall, the 50-year-old co-owner of the shop, of

15 counts of mail fraud after intentionally overbilling for

transmission repairs. Community Transit Maintenance

Director Michael Lynn resigned after confessing that he

had accepted gifts from Woodall in exchange for send-ing all of CT’s transmissions to Ed’s Transmissions with-

out going through competitive bidding.[44] A U.S. Dis-

trict Court jury found Woodall guilty of 15 counts of

mail fraud in December 1996,[45] with Judge John C.

Coughenour sentencing him to 2.5 years in federal prison

the following May, along with Ed’s Transmission being

forced to pay a $825,000 settlement after a civil suit was

filed.[46]

In their most recent expansion in 1997, the Sno-

homish County PTBA annexed the Eastmont and Silver

Firs census-designated places between Everett and Mill

Creek, as well as the Tulalip Indian Reservation west of

Marysville.[47][48] During the same year, CT awarded its

$31.8 million (equivalent to $46.9 million in 2016)[22]

commuter service contract to Grosvenor Bus Lines,

which would later fold into First Transit, replacing their

first subcontractor, Ryder/ATE Management.[49] The

agency introduced the first low-floor articulated buses in

the United States into its fleet in 1999, purchasing 17

60-foot-long (18 m) buses from New Flyer to improve

accessibility for older and disabled riders.[50] Service im-provements throughout the 1990s, including raising ser-

vice hours to over 11 million, led to ridership peaking at

8.8 million by the end of the decade and the agency’s 100

millionth rider being celebrated in April 2000.[51][52] The

passage of Initiative 695 in 1999, which capped the state

motor-vehicle excise tax at $30, forced transit agencies

throughout the state to cut service in anticipation of lower

revenue. Facing the loss of $18 million (equivalent to

$24.7 million in 2016),[22] or 30 percent of its annual op-

erating budget, Community Transit eliminated all week-

end service and increased fares on its routes in Febru-

ary 2000.[53]

With the service cuts, CT began its VanGOprogram to donate its retired paratransit minibuses to

nonprofit organizations in Snohomish County instead of

auctioning them off.[54] Saturday service was reinstated

in September 2000, using emergency funds approved by

the CT Board,[55] while Sunday service returned in 2001

after the passage of a 0.3 percentage-point tax increase

by voters in the PTBA.[56] Further restoration of service

came in 2003, with increased frequency and the replace-

ment of 50 buses in the agency’s fleet made possible by

a budget surplus and the sales tax increase approved in

2002,[57] and in 2005, with increased fares.[58]

Community Transit introduced its current logo and sloganin 2005, replacing an older one in use since 1986 and

retaining its blue-and-white color scheme, as part of

the roll-out of the first New Flyer Invero buses in the

United States.[1][59] CT began a three-month pilot project

in September 2005 that brought Wi-Fi access to buses

on its longest route, Route 422 between Stanwood and

Seattle, with hopes of attracting customers and partial-

telecommuters to its routes.[60][61] The pilot project was

deemed a success and expanded into the “Surf and Ride”

program on all Route 422 trips in 2006, as well as select

trips on Routes 406 and 441 from Edmonds to Seattle

and Overlake on the Eastside, respectively; the Wi-Fi pro-

gram was canceled in 2010, with the removal of equip-ment in buses brought on by low customer response, bud-

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1.1 Proposed consolidations with Everett Transit 3

get constraints and the adoption of improved cellular net-

works that support mobile browsing on smartphones.[62]

CT and First Transit signed their third and most recent

contract in 2007, continuing the latter’s operation of CT

commuter service to Seattle;[63] both agencies debuted

the first double-decker buses in the Puget Sound regionduring a year-long test in 2007, with Community Tran-

sit buying its own Alexander Dennis Enviro500s for its

"Double Tall" fleet.[64] A PTBA expansion into the unin-

corporated areas of Cathcart, Clearview and Maltby was

attempted during the 2008 general elections, but failed to

gain a majority vote.[65] In November 2009, after three

years of planning and a year of construction,[66][67] Com-

munity Transit debuted the first bus rapid transit line

in Washington, Swift. The service replaced Route 100

on State Route 99 between Aurora Village in Shoreline

and Everett Station, featuring 12-minute headways, off-

board fare payment and transit signal priority.[68] The

Great Recession of the late 2000s and subsequent lossof an estimated $180 million (equivalent to $195 million

in 2016)[22] in sales tax revenue in Snohomish County

forced CT to cut service by 15 percent in June 2010,

including the elimination of all service on Sundays and

major holidays, to save $16 million (equivalent to $17.4

million in 2016)[22] until 2012.[69][70][71] A second cut,

with 20 percent of service eliminated, took place in

February 2012;[72] the CT Board rejected a major re-

structure that would have truncated its northern and east-

ern express service to Seattle at Lynnwood Transit Center

during this cut, instead opting to preserve its commuter

service.[73]

Despite the decline in service hours, Commu-nity Transit and Sound Transit had record ridership for

Snohomish County routes during the Super Bowl XLVIII

parade in Downtown Seattle in February 2014, carry-

ing a total of 22,500 passengers on 50 extra trips into

Seattle.[74] In March, the 2014 Oso mudslide destroyed

a portion of State Route 530 and forced CT to re-route

its service to Darrington through Skagit County, offer-

ing one-seat service to Smokey Point and Everett Station

in the interim as Route 231.[75] The partial reopening of

State Route 530 in June and full reopening in September

restored the original Route 230 on its original route, now

extended to Smokey Point.[76]

Community Transit began restoring cut service in

September 2014, adding 13 percent of its former bus

hours primarily to improve midday service.[77] In June

2015, CT restored its Sunday and holiday service as

part of a 27,000-hour expansion, representing 20 per-

cent of the 2010 reduction, funded by recovering sales

tax revenue and a 25-cent increase in fares the follow-

ing month.[78][79] The agency was given approval from

the state legislature in July 2015 to increase sales taxes

by an additional 0.3%, dependent on voter approval via

a ballot measure during the November 2015 election that

was eventually won, to fund a new Swift line as well as

local service expansion.[80][81]

1.1 Proposed consolidations with Everett

Transit

See also: Everett Transit

Attempted mergers of Community Transit with Everett

A Swift coach passing a parked Everett Transit bus at Everett

Station

Transit have been proposed by the Washington State Leg-

islature and the CT Board since the formation of SNO-

TRAN in 1974.[82] The relative success of Community

Transit in the late 1970s and 1980s prompted the Com-

munity Transit Board to propose consolidation with Ev-

erett Transit in 1988, though long-term planning under

SNOTRAN for both agencies worked under the assump-

tion that there would be no merger by 2000.[83] In 1990,

a second proposal was rejected by the Everett City Coun-

cil after consultants determined that a merger would onlysave $350,000 per year in deadheading for Community

Transit and that both staffs would need to be retained be-

cause of the lack of service duplication between the two

agencies.[84] Throughout the 1990s, successive legislative

bills proposing a merger were passed through the House

Transportation Committee, but failed to gain support

elsewhere because of successful lobbying from the City of

Everett.[82][85][86] State voters approved Referendum 49

in November 1998, including state motor-vehicle excise

tax revenue for city-run transit in Everett and Yakima.

While Everett Transit gained $4.5 million (equivalent to

$6.53 million in 2016)[22] in new annual funding, CT

was set to lose $1 million (equivalent to $1.45 million

in 2016)[22] over the next five years in addition to the

$2 million (equivalent to $2.9 million in 2016)[22] used

to operate service within Everett annually.[87] The large

cuts brought on by the passing of Initiative 695 and sub-

sequent loss of excise tax revenue forced both agencies

to consider merging in 2000,[88] with savings of an esti-

mated $1.7 million per year (equivalent to $2.27 million

in 2016)[22] according to a study commissioned by Com-

munity Transit.[89] As a result of the failed mergers, CT

proposed truncating its routes at Everett city limits, but

ultimately decided to provide limited-stop service on its

routes through Everett to the newly constructed EverettStation in 2002.[90][91][92] Community Transit and Ev-

erett Transit signed their first partnership agreement in

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4 3 SERVICES

2007, with Everett helping fund Swift bus rapid transit

through its service area and allowing CT to operate the

route in exchange for the expansion of ET service into

unincorporated areas surrounding Everett.[93][94] The two

agencies further collaborated with Sound Transit and the

Washington State Department of Transportation in the

construction of the South Everett Freeway Station the fol-lowing year.[95]

1.2 Regional projects with Sound Transit

Main article: Sound Transit

Community Transit and Everett Transit agreed to break

away from SNOTRAN, which served as their planning

and administrative body in addition to disbursing fed-

eral subsidies, after CT complained of a “lack of com-

munication” between the three agencies.[96] The county

agency formally disbanded on December 31, 1994,[10] re-

placed by the Joint Regional Policy Committee (JRPC)

that formed four years prior to coordinate transit planning

for the entire Puget Sound region.[97] A regional transit

agency was formed in 1993 under the JRPC, organizing a

$6.7 billion (equivalent to $10.4 billion in 2016) [22] plan

for regional transit that was put to a vote on March 14,

1995, failing to pass outside of Seattle, Mercer Island and

Shoreline.[98][99] The plan included a commuter rail line

on the BNSF Scenic Subdivision between Everett, Muk-

ilteo, Edmonds and King Street Station in Seattle, a light

rail line from Lynnwood to Seattle following Interstate 5,and express bus service to light rail stations.[100] The fol-

lowing November, the smaller “Sound Move” plan was

approved at a cost of $3.9 billion (equivalent to $5.88 bil-

lion in 2016),[22] including commuter rail from Everett to

Seattle and express buses on Interstate 5 from Everett and

Lynnwood to Seattle and Bellevue.[101][102]

The regional transit agency, renamed to Sound Tran-

sit the following year,[103] began operating its Sound

Transit Express buses under contract with Community

Transit in September 1999.[104][105][106] The new express

buses connected park and rides in southwestern Sno-

homish County, the only part of Community Transit’s ser-vice area within the Sound Transit taxing district,[107] to

Downtown Seattle, including the newly opened, 1,000-

stall Ash Way Park & Ride in northern Lynnwood.[108]

Sound Transit funded several capital projects to improve

bus service on the Interstate 5 corridor, including di-

rect access ramps from HOV lanes to Lynnwood and

Ash Way park and rides that opened in 2004 and 2005,

respectively.[109][110] In 2011, the existing Mountlake

Terrace park and ride was expanded with an 890-stall

parking garage and bus platforms in the median of I-5

connected by a pedestrian bridge.[111]

Commuter rail service to Snohomish County on theSounder North Line began in December 2003 with a sin-

gle round-trip connecting Everett and Edmonds to King

Street Station in Seattle during rush hour.[112] Service was

expanded to a second round-trip in June 2005 and a third

round-trip in September 2007,[113][114] while an infill sta-

tion opened at Mukilteo in May 2008, also bringing ad-

ditional service in the form of a fourth round-trip the fol-

lowing September.[115]

An expansion of the Link Light Rail system in the

“Sound Transit 2” package was approved in Novem-

ber 2008, including 54% of southwestern Snohomish

County voters,[116] funding the extension of light rail to

Lynnwood.[117] The 8.5-mile-long (13.7 km) light rail

line will run along Interstate 5 from Northgate Tran-

sit Center in Seattle to Lynnwood Transit Center and is

scheduled to begin construction in 2018 and open for ser-

vice in 2023.[118] Sound Transit has also begun exploring

a possible light rail extension to Everett via Paine Field,

anticipated to be included in the “Sound Transit 3” ballot

measure in 2016.[119]

2 Administration

Community Transit is administered by a nine-member

board, composed of two members of the Snohomish

County Council, two elected officials from PTBA cities

with populations of 30,000 or more, three elected offi-

cials from cities with between 10,000 and 30,000, and

two elected officials from cities with less than 10,000, that

meets monthly at their headquarters in Everett.[120]:6 The

board is led by a non-voting chief executive officer, a po-sition held by Emmett Heath since he was promoted from

interim CEO in March 2015.[121] CT adopted an operat-

ing budget of $133.2 million for 2015; 65 to 70 percent

of revenue is provided by a 0.9 percent sales tax within

the PTBA, the maximum authorized for transit agencies

under state law, while a combination of fares and federal

subsidies comprise the remainder.[122][123] The agency

employs 579 full-time equivalent persons, divided into

eight departments.[120]:6

CT is headquartered at their Merrill Creek Operating

Base at 7000 Hardeson Road in the Paine Field industrial

area of South Everett, located northeast of the Boeing Ev-

erett Factory. The 87,065-square-foot (8,088.6 m2) Mer-

rill Creek administrative building opened in 1997 and is

the primary bus base for the agency’s fleet of buses and

vans.[124] Additional administrative buildings and fleet

parking lots are located at the Kasch Park Operating Base

south of the Boeing Freeway.[120]:17

3 Services

See also: List of Community Transit bus routes

Community Transit operates fixed bus routes throughoutthe 1,308-square-mile (3,390 km2) Snohomish County

PTBA, serving 47 percent of its 542,000 people and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation_benefit_areahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_routehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Community_Transit_bus_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Route_526https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_garagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paine_Fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time_equivalenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paine_Fieldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynnwood_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate_station_(Sound_Transit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northgate_station_(Sound_Transit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynnwood_Link_Extensionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Light_Railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukilteo_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infill_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infill_stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_station_(Washington)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounder_North_Linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_striphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_garagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOV_lanehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_bus_servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_5_in_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Street_Station_(Seattle)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic_Subdivisionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSF_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreline,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Island,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_agencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_agencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_area


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3.1 Fares 5

The bus shelters and parking garage at Mountlake Terrace Tran-

sit Center, served by several local routes and commuter routes on

nearby Interstate 5.

76 percent of its 254,000 jobs.[120]:43–44 [125] The 46 bus

routes serve 1,500 bus stops, of which 250 have a bus

shelter—the rest consist of a standalone sign or a sign

with a bench.[120] :23 The bus routes are divided into

three types of service, numbered according to desti-

nation: frequent bus rapid transit on the unnumbered

Swift,[126] 24 local routes in the 100s for southern Sno-

homish County and 200s for northern and eastern Sno-

homish County, and 22 weekday peak-only commuter

express routes from park and rides to the Boeing Everett

Factory numbered as the 2X7s,[127] Downtown Seattle in

the 400s,[128] and the University of Washington campus in

the 800s.[129][130] CT and their subcontractor First Tran-sit also operate all-day, all-week Sound Transit Express

service to Seattle and Bellevue on six routes numbered in

the 500s.[131] Typically, service changes occur in Febru-

ary and September, in response to ridership and requests

from the community.[132]

Commuter bus routes to Boeing in Everett, Downtown

Seattle and the University District originate at one of

the 24 Community Transit park and rides and transit

centers located throughout Snohomish County, with a

total capacity of 8,500 automobiles.[120] :17–18 [133] The

largest facilities, primarily located in southwest Sno-

homish County, include weatherproof bicycle lockers inaddition to automobile parking.[134] The majority of park

and rides are owned by the Washington State Department

of Transportation and maintained by Community Transit

and other service providers.[120]:20–22 [135]

In addition to bus service, CT operates a vanpool pro-

gram with a fleet of 414 vans originating from the Kasch

Park operating base in Everett. The fleet comes in con-

figurations with 7, 12, or 15 seats, with two special vans

equipped with wheelchair lifts.[136] Community Transit

reports that there are 361 active vanpools using their

service, providing 0.9 million rides in 2014.[120]:15 CT

leases vanpool lots, called “park and pool lots”, from lo-cal churches and other private parties at 15 locations with

a total capacity of 425 parking stalls.[120]:17–18

Dial-a-ride transportation (DART) service is also offered

by Community Transit, contracted through Senior Ser-

vices of Snohomish County since 1981.[4]:67[137] DART

paratransit is available for a fare of $2 for qualifying cus-

tomers within 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of local CT routes

during regular operating hours.[138] As of 2014, CT has

4,100 registered DART users that take an average of 700trips per day.[120]:15

3.1 Fares

Fares on Community Transit buses are priced into three

groups: adult, youth, and reduced. Adult fare is charged

for passengers between the ages of 19 and 64, youth fare

is charged for passengers between the ages of 6 and 18,

and the reduced fare is charged for passengers over the

age of 65 or those with disabilities or Medicare card hold-

ers. Up to two children under the age of 5 ride free

with a chaperone paying full or reduced fare for them-

selves. Fares also change based on service level, with

local service within Snohomish County costing the least

and commuter service to Seattle being more expensive;

commuter service from southern Snohomish County and

Everett is also less costly compared to commuter service

from northern and eastern Snohomish County.[139] The

last fare increase occurred on July 1, 2015, raising the

adult and DART fares by 25 cents.[79]

The regional ORCA card was introduced as an integrated

smart card for transit agencies in the Puget Sound region

on April 20, 2009,[140] allowing users to load monthly

passes and value through an e-purse web interface. The

card also allowed free transfers within a two-hour pe-

riod between transit agencies of equal value, with the

difference for higher fare subtracted from the e-purse or

prompting for cash.[141] While initially available for no

fee, effective March 1, 2010 a $5 cost was added when

ordering a standard adult or youth ORCA card.[142] CT

removed their paper transfers on January 1, 2010 after

the ORCA card made them obsolete.[143]

Community Transit also offers monthly passes through

local higher education institutions, including Edmonds

Community College, the University of Washington,

Cascadia College, and the Lynnwood Campus of Central

Washington University.[139]

Dial-a-ride transportation, a type of paratransit service

operated by Community Transit, has a flat fare of $2.25

without discounts or separate categories. ORCA cards

are not accepted on DART, replaced by tickets and

monthly passes for frequent users.[139]

4 Fleet

As of January 2014, CT maintains and operates a fleetof 696 vehicles from its operating bases at Kasch Park

and Merrill Creek. The 227-bus fleet has been reduced

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-a-ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Washington_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Washington_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascadia_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_Community_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds_Community_Collegehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_cardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORCA_cardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_public_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-a-ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_lifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanpoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Transportationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_lockerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_District,_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellevue,_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transit_Expresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcontractorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Everett_Factoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_hourhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Bus_Rapid_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_5_in_Washingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountlake_Terrace,_Washington


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6 5 REFERENCES

from 291 vehicles in 2010 because of major service cuts

in 2010 and 2012, forcing Community Transit to down-

size in order to comply with the spare ratio policies set

by the Federal Transit Administration. The fleet is com-

posed of 30-foot (9.1 m) and 40-foot (12 m) vehicles, as

well as specialized 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses and

42-foot (13 m) double-decker buses. Buses typically arepowered by diesel engines, with the exception of the 15

hybrid diesel-electric Swift articulated buses and 15 40-

foot (12 m) hybrid buses.[120]:25–26

Since 1995,[144] all Community Transit buses are low-

floored and equipped with a hydraulic or pneumatic

"kneeling" device in addition to wheelchair lifts for 6-

wheeled motorized wheelchairs.[138][145] CT buses have

also feature two bicycle racks located in front of the wind-

shield since 1996;[134][146] Swift bus rapid transit buses

have three bike racks located inside the vehicle for re-

duced dwell times.[126][147]

In addition to its bus fleet, Community Transit main-

tains 412 vans for its vanpool program and 54

DART paratransit minibuses equipped with wheelchair

lifts.[120]:25–26 Retired vanpool and DART vehicles are

donated to local non-profit organizations through the

VanGO program,[148] which has gifted 106 vans since its

establishment in 2000.[149][150]

4.1 Double Tall

The leased Alexander Dennis Enviro500 in Community Transit

livery, pictured in Downtown Seattle in 2007.

Community Transit has a fleet of double-decker buses

used on commuter routes from park and rides to

Downtown Seattle, named the “Double Tall” in refer-

ence to the double tall cup size at Starbucks, a cof-

fee chain founded and headquartered in Seattle.[151] The

Alexander Dennis Enviro500 was introduced during a

one-year pilot project in 2007, on lease from Alexan-der Dennis for $15,000 per month.[152][153] The 42-foot-

long (13 m), 14-foot-high (4 m) Enviro500 seated 77,

with standing room for 20 additional passengers, replac-

ing the capacity of the standard articulated buses used

on the commuter routes in a smaller footprint.[154] Prior

to the end of the trial in 2008, CT placed an order of

23 Enviro500s, scheduled to be delivered and put into

service in 2010;[64][155][156] the initial order was not ful-

filled until 2011, when manufacturing was moved to anElDorado plant in Riverside, California to meet federal

Buy America Act requirements.[157][158] A second order

of 17 Enviro500s, to replace older articulated buses, was

made in 2013 and is scheduled to be in service by sum-

mer 2015.[159][160][161] The CT Board approved the addi-

tion of 5 Double Talls to their order in December 2014,

with expected delivery in 10 months instead of the 2 years

required for a separate order.[162]

Sound Transit introduced five of its own double-decker

buses in 2015 for use on their Snohomish County routes

under contract with Community Transit.[163][164] Sound

Transit plans to eventually replace its entire SnohomishCounty fleet with double-deckers, beginning with 32

buses by 2021.[165][166]

The fleet of 45 double-decker buses operated directly

by Community Transit is, As of 2015, the second-

largest double-decker fleet of any public transit agency

in the United States, behind RTC Transit of Las Vegas,

Nevada and ahead of Unitrans of Davis, California and

Antelope Valley Transit Authority of Antelope Valley,

California.[154]

4.2 Current bus fleet

As of March 2016 [167]

5 References

[1] “Community Transit Debuts First U.S. Invero Bus” (Press

release). Everett, Washington: Community Transit.

March 1, 2005. Retrieved September 1, 2014.

[2] “Agency Profile”. Community Transit. Retrieved

September 1, 2014.

[3] “Contact Us”. Community Transit. Retrieved September

1, 2014.

[4] Heath, Emmett (June 4, 2015). 2014 Comprehensive An-

nual Financial Report Years Ended December 31, 2014

and December 31, 2013 (PDF) (Report). Community

Transit. Retrieved July 22, 2015.

[5] Charnews, Mark (May 2014). “Regional Transit Rider-

ship” (PDF). Puget Sound Trends . Puget Sound Regional

Council. Retrieved September 1, 2014.

[6] Aweeka, Charles (July 20, 1975). “Meeting set on public

transit”. The Seattle Times . p. A22.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seattle_Timeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_Regional_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_Regional_Councilhttp://www.psrc.org/assets/2122/trend-t6.pdfhttp://www.psrc.org/assets/2122/trend-t6.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDFhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.commtrans.org/About/Documents/2014%2520CAFR%25206-10-15.pdfhttp://www.communitytransit.org/about/contactus/http://www.communitytransit.org/about/agencyprofile/http://www.communitytransit.org/newsrelease/1088https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valleyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Transit_Authorityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis,_Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitranshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTC_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sound_Transit_Express_bus_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buy_America_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside,_Californiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElDorado_Nationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing-room_onlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_projecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro500https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbuckshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ridehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Community_Transit_bus_routes#Commuter_routeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seattlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro500https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanpoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_dwell_timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_carrierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorized_wheelchairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_lifthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneeling_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumaticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-floor_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-floor_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_Bus_Rapid_Transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated_bushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Transit_Administrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_ratio


7/13

7

[7] White, Richard O., ed. (July 1, 1975). “Chapter 270 (En-

grossed Substitute Senate Bill No. 2280): Public Trans-

portation”. 1975 Session Laws of the State of Washing-

ton - 1st Extraordinary Session, Forty-Fourth Legislature

(PDF). Session Laws of the State of Washington (1975

ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legisla-

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[8] Lane, Bob (June 2, 1976). “Snohomish County bus sys-

tem OK'd”. The Seattle Times . p. A10.

[9] “Community Transit Marks 35th Anniversary” (Press re-

lease). Everett, Washington: Community Transit. Octo-

ber 3, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2014.

[10] Brooks, Diane (December 30, 1994). “Sno-Tran Has Met

Goals, Calling It A Day -- Tomorrow Ends Decade Of

Success For Transit Agency”. The Seattle Times . Re-

trieved September 1, 2014.

[11] Daniel, Linda (September 18, 1974). “Snohomish

County: Bus-system proposal defeated”. The Seattle

Times . p. A15.

[12] “Transit fails again in Snohomish County”. The Seattle

Times . November 6, 1974. p. A18.

[13] “Everett Voters Approve City Transit Venture”. The Seat-

tle Times . November 5, 1969. p. 43.

[14] Lane, Bob (October 24, 1974). “Snohomish County again

to try transit plan”. The Seattle Times . p. A26.

[15] Lane, Bob (May 30, 1976). “Part of Snohomish County

to vote on transit Tuesday”. The Seattle Times . p. E4.

[16] Lane, Bob (September 26, 1976). “Bus service to begin

Oct. 4 in Snohomish County areas”. The Seattle Times . p.

A14.

[17] “New bus system works 'pretty well' on first day”. The

Seattle Times . October 5, 1976. p. D16.

[18] Aweeka, Charles (June 20, 1979). “County transit finally

ends name game”. The Seattle Times . p. H1.

[19] Cartwright, Jane (October 5, 1977). “Snohomish Co.

transit system in successful year”. The Seattle Times . p.

H3.

[20] Lane, Bob (December 20, 1972). “2 OK’s ease way for

Metro busses in Snohomish”. The Seattle Times . p. D2.

[21] Bergsman, Jerry (January 2, 1973). “In Lynnwood: Here

it comes—there it goes”. The Seattle Times . p. A14.

[22] “Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Re-

serve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 10,

2015.

[23] Lane, Bob (November 17, 1976). “Snohomish County

public transit is going places”. The Seattle Times . p. B12.

[24] Lane, Bob (January 26, 1977). “One blessing: New bussystem can only be measured in months”. The Seattle

Times . p. H9.

[25] Cartwright, Jane (June 29, 1977). “What’s in a name?

Buses are the same”. The Seattle Times . p. H1.

[26] Suffia, David (October 8, 1980). “Community Transit

marking four years of growth”. The Seattle Times . p. F2.

[27] Macdonald, Sally (August 13, 1980). “Gains in bus rider-

ship highest in state”. The Seattle Times . p. F1.

[28] Aweeka, Charles (May 20, 1981). “Lynnwood park-and-

ride lot ready for use”. The Seattle Times . p. G2.

[29] Public Transportation Office (October 1984). “Lo-

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Washington State Department of Transportation. pp. 37–

43. OCLC 13007541. Retrieved September 11, 2014 –

via National Transportation Library.

[30] Bergsman, Jerry (September 21, 1988). “Metro Buses

Won't Be Traveling To Snohomish County After April”.

The Seattle Times . p. H5. Retrieved September 8, 2014 –via NewsBank. (subscription required (help)).

[31] Bergsman, Jerry (June 9, 1989). “Some Bus Commuters

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tion required (help)).

[32] Aweeka, Charles (July 23, 1986). “Harmony Reached So

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September 8, 2014 – via NewsBank. (subscription re-

quired (help)).

[33] Aweeka, Charles (July 3, 1985). “Metro Warns CT About

Expanding Into Downtown Seattle”. The Seattle Times .p. H1. Retrieved September 8, 2014 – via NewsBank.

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[34] Aweeka, Charles (January 22, 1986). “Transit Union

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NewsBank. (subscription required (help)).

[35] Gilje, Shelby (September 23, 1986). “Rider Contends

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via NewsBank. (subscription required (help)).

[36] Aweeka, Charles (January 7, 1987). “Commuters Flock

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quired (help)).

[37] Clutter, Stephen (June 14, 1988). “Lynnwood-Bellevue

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via NewsBank. (subscription required (help)).

[38] “CT To Begin Limited Bus Service To Redmond”. The

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[39] Bergsman, Jerry (June 4, 1990). “CT To Expand Com-muter Service -- Weekend Runs Will Be Offered”. The

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[40] Aweeka, Charles (May 1, 1985). “New Everett Base To

Bring Community Transit Together”. The Seattle Times .

p. H1. Retrieved September 8, 2014 – via NewsBank.

(subscription required (help)).

[41] Aweeka, Charles (October 9, 1985). “Transit Head Puts

Brakes To Maintenance Flap”. The Seattle Times . p. H2.

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[42] Bergsman, Jerry; Alexander, Karen (July 22, 1993).

“Investigators Seize CT Records -- Agency Is Target Of

Federal Probe Involving Service Work”. The Seattle

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[43] Alexander, Karen; Brooks, Diane (December 1, 1993).

“CT’s Director Resigns”. The Seattle Times . Retrieved

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