complete drugs study

8/13/2019 Complete Drugs Study

1/13

Drug Study


2/13

DRUG INDICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION SIDE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Brand Name:

Medrol

Generic Name:

methylprednisolone

Classification:

Glucocorticoid

Dosage:

16 mg/tab; 1tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

BID; p.c. (post cebum)/ aft

er meals

Suppression of

inflammatory and allergic

disorders

As a glucocorticoid, it

has marked

antiinflamatory action

due to its ability to

inhibit prostaglandin

synthesis. As an

immunosuppressant, it

inhibits phagocytosis and

migration of

macrophages and

leukocytes to the site of

inflammation as well as

stabilizes lysosomes to

prevent release of

enzymes and reverses

increased capillary

permeability.

GI upset

Headache

DizzinessInsomnia

Weight gain

1. Assess patients condition

before therapy and regularly

thereafter to monitor drug

effectiveness.

2. Periodically monitor adrenal

function for suppression of

hypothalamic-pituitary-

adrenal axis.

3. Monitor patients weight

(report weekly gain >5lbs),

blood pressure, potassium,

blood glucose, urine glucose

and plasma cortisol levels.

4. Monitor vital signs regularly.

Assess for edema,

hypertension and other

cardiac symptoms and report

chest pain. Also monitor

input-output ratio.

5. Carefully assess for infection

because drug can mask

infection symptom even afterwithdrawal of medications:

increased temperature and

WBC.

6. Assess mental status note for

aggression and

behavioural/mood changes.

7. Give medicine with food or

milk to decrease GI

symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION

Systemic fungal

infections

Septic shock

Hypersensitivity

Administration of

live/ live attenuated

vaccine

Tuberculous or

syphilitic processesin the area to be

treated

Viral diseases (e.g.

varicella, herpes

zoster)

Euphoria

Pseudomotor

cerebri

Heart failure

Pancreatitis

Carbohydrate

intolerance

Hypokalemia Hyperglycemia

Hirsutism

Skin eruptions


3/13

DRUG INDICATION MECHANISM OF

ACTION

SIDE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Brand Name:

Tergecef

Generic Name:

cefixime

Classification:

Cephalosporin,

third generation

Dosage:

200mg/cap; 1 cap

Route:

PO

Frequency:

BID

Secondary infections

of chronic respiratory

tract diseases

Inhibits bacterila cell

wall synthesis,

rendering cell wall

osmotically unstable,

leading to cell death.

Nausea and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Dyspepsia

Flatulence

1. Assess patients previous

sensitivity reaction to

penicillin or other

cephalosporins. Cross-

sensitivity between

penicillins and

cephalosporins is common.

2. Obtain Culture and

Sensitivity before beginning

drug therapy to identify if

correct treatment has been

initiated.

3. Assess renal function beforeand during therapy: urine

output, BUN and creatinine.

Monitor for nephrotoxicity.

4. Teach patient to take

medication as directed;

complete entire

prescription. May cause GI

upset; report persistent

adverse effects esp.

Diarrhea.

5. May alter results of urine

glucose and ketone testing.

CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTIONHypersensitivity

History of shock due

to any ingredient of

this product.

Shock

Granulocytopenia

Acute renal failure

Interstitial pneumonia

Lyells syndrome

Diarrhea


4/13


Brand Name:

Dilatam

Generic Name:

diltazem

Classification:

Calcium channel blocker

Dosage:

30mg/tab; tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

TID

Treatment of angina

pectoris caused coronary

artery spasm.

Inhibits calcium ion influx

across cell membrane

during cardiac

depolarization, produces

relaxation of coronary

vascular smooth muscle,

dilates coronary arteries,

slows SA/AV node

conduction times, dilates

peripheral arteries.

Edema

Dizziness

Headache

Infection

Rhinitis

Dyspnea

1. Instruct patient to limit

caffeine consumption.

2. Caution patient to change

positions slowly to

minimize orthostatic

hypotension.

3. Caution patient to wear

protective clothing and

use sunscreen to prevent

photosensitivity reactions

4. Inform patient to take

extended-release capsules

on an empty stomach at

same time each day. Donot open, chew, or crush;

swallow whole.

5. Teach patient that drug

does not cure high Bp or

angina just controls it so

continue taking as

prescribed even when BP

is not elevated or angina

symptoms are not

present.

6. Teach patient to continue

diet (low fat/ low Na),

regular exercise, and

decreased caffeine; stop

tobacco and alcohol.

Reduce fluid and salt

intake to control swelling.


Patients with the sick sinussyndrome, pre-existing

second- or third-

degreeatrioventricular

block, or marked

bradycardia.

HypotensionBradycardia

Atrioventricular block

Asystole

Sinus arrest


5/13


Brand Name:

Tazocin

Generic Name:

piperacillin/tazobactam

Classification:

Antibiotic, penicillin

Dosage:

4.5gm

Route:IV

Frequency:

q8

Community-acquired

pneumonia of moderate

severity caused by

piperacillin resistant, beta-lactamase-producing strains

of haemophilus influenzae.

A combination of

piperacillin sodiumand

tazobactam sodium, a beta-

lactamase inhibitor.Tazobactam inhibits beta-

lactamases, thus ensuring

activity of piperacillin

against beta-lactamase-

producing microorganisms.

Thus, tazobactam broadens

the antibiotic spectrum of

piperacillin to those

bacteria normally resistant

to it.

Diarrhea

Constipation

Dyspepsia

HeadacheAbdominal pain

1. Note reasons for therapy,

type, location,

characteristics of signs and

symptoms.

2. List any sensitivity to

penicillins, cephalosporins,

beta-lactamase inhibitors,

or other allergens.

3. List drugs prescribed to

ensure none interact

unfavourably.

4. Monitor C&S, urinalysis,

hematologic, coagulation

profile, electrolytes, renal

and liver function test.

Reduce dosage with renal

impairment.


Hypersensitivity to

penicillins, cephalosporins,

or beta-lactamase

inhibitors.

Agitation

Anxiety

Pruritus

Thrombocytopenia

Edema

Moniliasis

Hemolytic anemia


6/13


Brand Name:

Fluimucil

Generic Name:

acetylcysteine

Classification:

Mucolytic

Dosage:

600mg/tab;

1tab on 75ml water

Route:

PO

Frequency:

OD

Treatment of respiratory

affections characterized by

thick and viscous hyper

secretions: acute and

chronic bronchitis and its

exacerbation.

Decreases viscosity of

respiratory tract secretions

and promote their removal

by breaking disulfide

bonds.

Bronchial/tracheal

irritation

Rash

Stomatitis

Nausea & Vomiting

1. Asses patients

history of underlying

condition, cough:

type, frequency,

character

2. Assess patients

respiration and

pulmonary

secretions, exercise

caution on patients

with respiratory

insufficiency and

history ofbronchospasm.

3. Instruct patient to

follow directions

exactly. Explain

importance of using

drug as directed.

4. Tell patient to avoid

hazardous activitiesuntil patients is

stabilized on this

medication, avoid

alcohol and other

CNS depressants,

these will enhance

sedating properties

of this drugs.


Hypersensitivity

Phenylketonuria

(contains aspartame)

Generalized urticaria

accompanied by mildfever

Hypotension

Wheezing

Dyspnea


7/13


Brand Name:

Losec

Generic Name:

omeprazole

Classification:

Proton pump inhibitor

Dosage:

40mg/tab; 1tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

OD

Short term treatment of

gastroesophageal reflux

disease (GERD)

Suppresses gastric

secretion by inhibiting

hydrogen/potassiumATPase enzyme system in

the gastric parietal cell:

characterized as a gastric

acid pump inhibitor, since

it blocks the final step of

acid.

Headache

Abdominal pain

DairrheaURTI

Dizziness

Rash

1. List reason for therapy,

triggers, frequency,

characteristics of signs

and symptoms.2. Record abdominal

assessments,

radiologic/endoscopic

findings, and H. Pylori

results.

3. Monitor urinalysis, CBC,

and liver function test;

adjust dosage withhepatic dysfunction.

4. Take capsule at least 1 hr

before eating and swallow

whole; do not open,

chew, or crush. Antacids

can be administered with

omeprazole.

5. Teach patient to report

any changes in urinary

elimination, pain,

discomfort or persistent

diarrhea.

6. Avoid alcohol and OTC

agents as well as foods

known to cause GI

upset/irritation.


Hypersensitivity

Combination therapy

with clarythromycin

should not be used in

patients with hepayic

impairment.

Pancreatitis

Liver necrosis

Hepatic failure

Toxic epidermal

necrolysis

Agranulocytosis


8/13


Brand Name:

Micardis

Generic Name:telmisartan

Classification:

Antihypertensive,

angiotensin II receptor

blocker

Dosage:

40/12.5 mg/tab; 1 tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

OD

For hypertension The angiotensin II receptor

antagonists competitively

block the angiotensin AT1

recepor located in vascularsmooth muscles and the

adrenal glands, thus

blocking the vasoconstrictor

and aldosterone-secreting

effects of angiotensin II.

Thus, BP is reduced.

Diarrhea

Pain

Sinusitis

MyalgiaAbdominal pain

Cough

Flu-like symptoms

1. May be taken with or

without food.

2. Teach patient to

store drug from 15-30

degrees Celsius. Donot remove tablet

from blisters until just

before use.

3. Take as directed at

the same time daily

with or without food.

4. Teach patient to use

drug with caution,

may experience

dizziness related to

low BP. Change

positions slowly.

5. Teach patient to have

regular exercise, low-

salt diet, and lifestyle

changes (e.g., no

smoking, low alcohol,

low-fat diet, low

stress, adequate rest)

contribute to

enhanced Bp control.

Monitor BP regularly.


Use with caution in

impaired hepatic function

or in biliary obstructive

disorders.

Anaphylaxis

Angioedema

Cardiac arrest

Hepatic necrosis


9/13


Brand Name:

Solu-cortef

Generic Name:

hydrocortisone

Classification:

Glucocorticoid

Dosage:

100 mg

Route:

IV

Frequency:

Q 8

Respiratory disease Glucocorticoid with anti

inflammatory effect

because of its ability to

inhibit prostaglandin

synthesis, inhibit migration

of macrophages, leucocytes

and fibroblasts at sites of

inflammation, phagocytosis

and lysosomal enzyme

release. It also cause the

reversal of increased

capillary permeability.

Flushing

Sweating

Headache

Nausea

Diarrhea

1. Assess patients

condition before

starting therapy and

reassess regularly.

2. Monitor patients

weight, blood

pressure, glucose and

electrolyte levels.

3. Monitor weight,

input-output ratio,

urine output and

increasing edema

(daily). Report

hypertension, edema,

cardiac symptoms or

weekly weight gain of

>5lbs.

4. Assess carefully for

signs of infection

especially fever and

WBC count (even

after withdrawal ofmedication) because

the drug masks

infection symptoms.

5. Caution patient on

use of OTC products

that contain

salicylates and

alcohol.


Nonasthmatic bronchial

disease

Administration of live virus

vaccines in patients

receiving

immunosuppressive

corticoid doses

Acute glomerulonephritis

Thrombophlibitis

Circulatory collapse

Pancreatitis

Thrombocytopenia

Hemorrhage

Fractures


10/13


Brand Name:

Lasix

Generic Name:

furosemide

Classification:

Diuretic, loop

Dosage:

40 mg

Route:

IV

Frequency:

For acute pulmonary edema

Inhibits the reabsorption of

sodium and chloride in the

proximal and distal tubules

as well as the ascending

loop of Henle; this results in

the excretion of sodium,

chloride, and, to a lasser

degree, potassium and

carbonate ions. Diuretic

action is independent of

changes in clients acid-

base balance.

Jaundice

Tinnitus

Hypotension

Pancreatitis

Abdominal pain

Electrolyte depletion

1. Should be given in the

morning on an empty

stomach to enhance

absorption and avoid

interruption of sleep

from frequent

urination.

2. Drug may cause BP

drop. Change position

slowly. Avoid alcohol

and do not exercise

heavily in hot

weather.

3. Use sunscreens and

protective clothing

when sun expose to

minimize the effects

of drug induced

photosensitivity.

4. Record Bp and

weights; report any

gains of >2 lb per dayor >5 lb per week.

5. Supplement diet with

vegetables and fruits

that are high in

potassium (bananas,

oranges) if oral

supplements are not

prescribed.


Never use with ethacrynic

acid.

Anuria

Hypersensitivity to drug

Severe renal disease

associated with azotemia

and oliguria

Hepatic coma associated

with electrolyte depletion.

Agranulocytosis

Aplastic anemia

Thrombophlebitis

Cardiac arrest


11/13


Brand Name:

Lanoxin

Generic Name:

digoxin

Classification:

Cardiac glycoside

Dosage:

0.25/tab; 1tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

OD

Congestive heart failure,

including that due to

venous congestion,

edema, dyspnea,

orthopnea, and cardiacarrhythmia.

Inhibits sodium-potassium

activated adenosine

triphosphatase, thereby

allowing influx of calcium

into the intrecellular space(cytoplasm), more

available calcium

promotes increased force

by myocardial contraction

(positive inotropic effect)

resulting to increased

cardiac output. It also acts

on the CNS to enhancevagal tone, causing the

decrease of conduction

speed between the SA and

AV nodes. This vagal

stimulation decreases the

cardiac rate (negative

chronotropic effect) to

prevent arrhythmia.

Tachycardia

Headache

Dizziness

Anorexia

Blurred or yellow

vision

1. Obtain patients history of underlying

condition before therapy.

2. Assess and document apical pulse( rate,

rhythm, character) for 1 full minute

before giving drug. If pulse


12/13


Brand Name:

Zykast

Generic Name:

Montelukast

sodium +

levotirizine

dihydrochloride

Classification:

Repiratory/ Astham

& COPD Drugs/

Leukotriene

Antagonists,

Allergy/

Antihistamines, 3rd

generation

Dosage:

10mg/5mg/tab;

1tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

ODHS

Relief of symptoms

associated with seasonal

and perennial allergic

rhinitis

Montelukast inhibits

bronchoconstriction due to

antigen challenge. Montelukast

is a selective leukotriene

receptor antagonist of the

cysteinyl leukotriene Cys

LT1receptor. The cysteinyl

leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4,LTE4)

are products of arachidonic acid

metabolism that are released

from various cells, including

mast cells andeosinophils. They

bind to cysteinyl leukotriene

receptors(CysLT) found in the

human airway.

Fever

Abdominal pains

Fatigue

Headache

Cough

1. Teach patient to take this drug

regularly as prescribed; do not

stop taking this drug during

symptom-free periods; do not

stop taking this drug without

consulting your health careprovider. Continue taking any

other antiasthma drugs that

have been prescribed for you.

Notify your health care provider

if your asthma becomes worse.2. Do not take this drug for an

acute asthma attack or

acute bronchospasm; this drug

is not a bronchodilator, and

routine emergency proceduresshould be followed during acute

attacks.3. Avoid the use of aspirin

or NSAIDs if you have a known

sensitivity to these

drugs. Montelukast will not

prevent reactions.4. You may experience these side

effects: Dizziness (use cautionwhen driving or performing

activities that require

alertness); nausea, vomiting

(eat frequent small meals, take

drug with food); headache

(analgesics may be

available). Report fever, acute

asthma

attacks, flulike symptoms,

lethargy.


Hypersensitivity to

one of its component.

Severe renal or

hepatic impairment.

Hepatitis

Myalgia

Urticaria

Convulsion

Angioneurotic edema

Influenza


13/13


Brand Name:

Maxivent

Generic Name:

doxofylline

Classification:

Antiasthmatic

Dosage:

400mg/tab; tab

Route:

PO

Frequency:

BID

Bronchial asthma

& pulmonary

disease w/ spasticbronchial

component.

Adrenergic bronchodilators

and phosphodiesterase

inhibitors bothworkby increasing intracellular level

of cyclic-3,5- adenosine

monophosphate(cAMP);

adrenergics by increasing

production

and phosphodiesterase

inhibitors by decreasing

breakdown. Increased levels of

cAMP produce

bronchodilation.Corticosteroi

ds act by decreasing airwa

y inflammation. Antichol in

erg ics (ipratropium) produce

brondhodilation by decreasin

g intracellular levels of cyclic

guanosine monophosphate

(cGMP). Leukotrienereceptor antagonists andmast

cell stabilizers decrease the

release of substances that

can contribute to bronchospasm

Nausea

vomiting

epigastric pain

1. Assess lung so unds,

pulse and blood pressure

before administration

and during peak of

medication. Not amount,

color, and character of

sputum produced.

2. Monitor pulmonary

function tests before

initiating therapy and

periodically during therapy to

determine effectiveness of

medication.

3 . O bs er ve for par adox ical

bronchospasm (wheezing

). If co nditions occur,with

hold medication and notify

physician of other health

care professional

immediately

CONTRAINDICAT

ION

ADVERSE REACTION

Acute MI

hypotension

cephalalgia

irritability

insomnia

tachycardia

extrasystole

tachypnea

hyperglycemia

albuminuria

complete drugs study

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