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Computational Neuroscience Trends in Research, 1998
Computational Neuroscience Trends in Research, 1998
Edited by
James M. Bower California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data
Computational neuroseienee , trends in research. 1998 I edited by James M. Bo"er.
p. em. ·Proeeedings of the [Slxthl Annual Computational Neuroseienee
Conferenee. held July 6-10. 1997, in Big Sky, Montana"--CIP t.p. verso.
Includes bibllographlcal referenees and Index. ISBN 978-1-4613-7190-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-4831-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4831-7 1. Computational neuroseienee--Congresses. 1. Bo"er. James M.
II. Computational Neuroselence Conferenee (6th , 1997 , 8ig Sky, Montana) QP357.5.C642 1998 573.8'01'1--de21 98-25793
CIP
Proceedings of the Annual Computational Neuroscience Conference, held July 6 -10, 1997, in Big Sky, Montana
ISBN 978-1-4613-7190-8
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1998
10987654321
AII rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume includes papers presented at the Sixth Annual Computational Neuroscience meeting (CNS*97) held in Big Sky, Montana, July 6-10, 1997. This collection includes 103 of the 196 papers presented at the meeting. Acceptance for meeting presentation was based on the peer review of preliminary papers originally submitted in January of 1997. The papers in this volume represent final versions of this work submitted in January of 1998. Taken together they provide a cross section of computational neuroscience and represent well the continued vitality and growth of this field.
The meeting in Montana was unusual in several respects. First, to our knowledge it was the first international scientific meeting with opening ceremonies on horseback. Second, after five days of rigorous scientific discussion and debate, meeting participants were able to resolve all remaining conflicts in barrel race competitions. Otherwise the magnificence of Montana and the Big Sky Ski Resort assured that the meeting will not soon be forgotten.
Scientifically, this volume once again represents the remarkable breadth of subjects that can be approached with computational tools. This volume and the continuing CNS meetings make it clear that there is almost no subject or area of modem neuroscience research that is not appropriate for computational studies.
In order to emphasize the interrelated nature of computational neuroscience, the papers in this volume are grouped into very general levels of investigation and analysis. The papers found in each category represent research undertaken with a wide range of experimental preparations, analysis techniques, and technical approaches. The range of subjects presented here is unusual in modem biology, and one of the strengths of our field and of this meeting. This volume represents work focused on figuring out how brains compute rather than on a particular animal, brain structure, or technique.
For a student or someone new to the field, this book provides an overview of some of the best work currently being done in this field. For a library, this book is the best available representation ofthe current state of computational brain studies. For those that participated in the meeting in Montana, it is my hope that this book reminds you both of the exciting science we heard about AND what it was like to spend five days under Montana's big sky.
Jim Bower
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REVIEWERS FOR CNS*97
The papers presented in this volume were submitted in January of 1997. Each submitted paper was peer reviewed prior to its acceptance at the meeting under the supervision of the program committee. The meeting organizers are particularly thankful for the efforts of the reviewers in assuring acceptance of the highest quality papers.
CNS*97 ORGANIZING AND PROGRAM COMMITTEE
• Jim Bower (California Institute of Technology) • John Miller (University of California, Berkeley) • Charlie Anderson (Washington University) • Axel Borst (Max-Planck Institute, Tuebingen, Germany) • Leif Finkel (University of Pennsylvania) • Anders Lansner (Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden) • Linda Larson-Prior (Pennsylvania State University Medical College) • Christiane Linster (Harvard University) • Maureen Rush (California State University, Bakersfield) • Karen Sigvardt (University of California, Davis)
CNS*97 REVIEWERS
Larry F. Abbott, Brandeis University; Charles H. Anderson, Washington University School of Medicine; Upinder S. Bhalla, National Centre for Biological Sciences; Alexander Borst, Max-Planck-Society; Ron Calabrese, Emory University; Erik De Schutter, University of Antwerp-UIA; Bard G. Ermentrout, University of Pittsburgh; LeifH. Finkel, University of Pennsylvania; Michael E. Hasselmo, Harvard University; William R. Holmes, Ohio University; Gwen Jacobs, Montana State University; Leslie M. Kay, Caltech; Nancy Kopell, Boston University; Anders Lansner, Royal Institute of Technology; Linda 1. Larson-Prior, Pennsylvania State Univ. Med. College; Gilles Laurent, Caltech; Christiane Linster, Harvard University; William W. Lytton, University of Wisconsin; Bartlett W. Mel, University of Southern California; Kenneth D. Miller, University of California at San Francisco; John Miller, Montana State University; Mark E. Nelson, University of Illinois; Bruno A. 01-shausen, University of California at Davis; Michael Paulin, University of Otago; Klaus Pawelzik, Max-Planck-Institut; John Rinzel, MRBINIDDKlNIH; Maureen E. Rush, California State University at Bakersfield; Idan Segev, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Shihab Shamma, University of Maryland; Gordon Shepherd, Yale University School of Medicine; Karen A. Sigvardt, University of California at Davis; Nelson Spruston, Northwestern Un i-
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versity; Michael Stiber, University of Washington at Bothell; Greg Stuart, Australian National University; David S. Touretzky, Carnegie Mellon University; Philip S. Ulinski, University of Chicago; Gene V. Wallenstein, Harvard University; Charles Wilson, University of Tennessee
CNS*97 CONFERENCE SUPPORT
Judy G. Macias (California Institute of Technology) Monica Oller (California Institute of Technology)
SUPPORTING AGENCIES
National Institute of Mental Health and National Science Foundation
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CONTENTS
SECTION I: SUBCELLULAR
1. Response-Field Dynamics in the Auditory Pathway ....................... . D. A. Depireux, Powen Ru, S. A. Shamma, and 1. Z. Simon
2. Rapid Categorization of Extra foveal Natural Images: Implications for Biological Models .............................................. 7
Michele Fabre-Thorpe, Denis Fize, Ghislaine Richard, and Simon Thorpe
3. Cortical Activity Pattern in Complex Tasks F. Frisone, P. Vitali, and P. Morasso
13
4. Relations among EEGs from Entorhinal Cortex, Olfactory Bulb, Somatomotor, Auditory and Visual Cortices in Trained Cats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
G. GaaJ and W. J. Freeman
5. Naive Preference and Filial Imprinting in the Domestic Chick: A Neural Network Model ................................................ 29
Lucy Hadden
6. A Computational Model of Retinogeniculate Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 Gary L. Haith and David Heeger
7. Cluster Structure of Cortical Systems in Mammalian Brains. . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... 41 Claus C. Hilgetag, Gully A. P. C. Bums, Mark A. O'Neill, and
Malcolm P. Young
8. Dynamic Memory Maintenance ....................................... 47 David Hom, Nir Levy, and Eytan Ruppin
9. Encoding Context in Spatial Navigation: One Role of Dentate Gyrus. . . . . . . . .. 53 Karl Kilborn, Gary Lynch, and Richard Granger
10. Large Scale Simulations of Hippocampal-Neocortical Interactions in a Parallel Version of GENESIS ............................................ 59
J. C. Klopp, P. Johnston, V. I. Nenov, N. Goddard, G. Hood, and E. Halgren
ix
x
11. Production of Phase Lag in Chains of Neural Networks Oscillating through an Escape Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski, Anders Lansner, and Sten Grillner
12. A Dynamic Neighbourhood Function in Volume Learning .................. 71 Bart Krekelberg and John G. Taylor
13. Basal Ganglia Perform Differencing between 'Desired' and 'Experienced' Parameters .................................................... 77
Andras Lorincz
14. Neural Model of Transfer-Of-Binding in Visual Relative Motion Perception. . .. 83 Jonathan A. Marshall, Charles P. Schmitt, George J. Kalarickal, and
Richard K. Alley
15. Analysis of Coupled Chaoscillators Embedded within Thalamocortical and Corti co cortical Reentrant Loops Encompassing Dynamics on Multiple Time Scales ................................................... 89
James M. E. Patterson, Mark E. Jackson, and Lawrence J. Cauller
16. Presence of a Chaotic Region between Subthreshold Oscillations and Rhythmic Bursting in a Simulation of Thalamocortical Relay and Reticular Neurons .............................................. 95
Kush Paul, Mark Jackson, and Larry J. Cauller
17. The Role of the Hippocampus in the Morris Water Maze ................... 10 1 A. David Redish and David S. Touretzky
18. A State Space Model of Gerbil Cochlea ................................. 107 Bilin Zhang Stiber, Edwin R. Lewis, and Kenneth R. Henry
19. Rank Order Coding ................................................. 113 Simon Thorpe and Jacques Gautrais
20. Neuromodulation of Hippocampal Population Coding: Place Field Development and Phase Precession. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 119
Gene V. Wallenstein and Michael E. Hasselmo
21. Cortical Synchronization and Perceptual Salience ......................... 125 Shih-Cheng Yen, Elliot D. Menschik, and LeifH. Finkel
SECTION II: CELLULAR
22. Resolving the Paradoxical Effect of Activity on Synapse Elimination ......... 131 Michael 1. Barber and JeffW. Lichtman
23. Cellular Mechanisms ofCa1cium Elevation Involved in Long Term Memory .... 137 K. T. Blackwell, T. P. Vogl, and D. L. Alkon
24. Temporal Characteristics of VI Cells Arising From Synaptic Depression ...... 143 Frances S. Chance, Sacha B. Nelson, and L. F. Abbott
25. Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Tenus ......... 149 Gal Chechik, Isaac Meilijson, and Eytan Ruppin
26. A Nonlinear Systems Approach of Characterizing AMPA and NMDA Receptor Dynamics ............................................. 155
Sunil S. Dalal, Vasilis Z. Manuarelis, and Theodore W. Berger
27. Detailed Model of Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Release in Purkinje Cells ......................................................... 161
Erik De Schutter
28. Somato-Dendritic Interactions Underlying Action Potential Generation in Neocortical Pyramidal Cells In Vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167
Alain Destexhe, Eric J. Lang, and Denis Pare
29. Modelling the Evoked Release of Quanta at Active Zones: Theoretical Investigation of the Secretosome Hypothesis ......................... 173
William G. Gibson, Max R. Bennett, and John Robinson
30. Analysis of Sensory Coding in the Lateral Superior Olive ................... 179 Charlotte M. Gruner and Don H. Johnson
31. Dynamics of Spike Generation May Underly In Vivo Spike Train Statistics. . . .. 185 Boris Gutkin and G. Bard Ermentrout
32. Modeling the Contributions of Calcium Channels and NMDA Receptor Channels to Calcium Current in Dendritic Spines ..................... 191
William R. Holmes and IIdik6 Aradi
33. Computational Properties of a Neuronal Model for Noisy Subthreshold Oscillations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197
Martin T. Huber, Hans A. Braun, Mathias Dewald, Karlheinz Voigt, and Jurgen C. Krieg
34. Analysis of Light Responses of the Retinal Bipolar Cells Based on Ionic Current Model ................................................. 203
Akito Ishihara, Yoshimi Kamiyama, and Shiro Usui
35. Cable Properties of Motoneurons in Rat Spinal Cord Slice Cultures ........... 211 J. Kleinle, M. Larkurn, N. Buchs, W. Senn, and H.-R. Luscher
36. Active Dendritic Conductances Influence the Relations between Synaptic Input and the Current-Voltage Relation of Adult Spinal Motoneurons ..... 217
Robert H. Lee and C. J. Heckman
37. Emulation of Hopfield Networks with Spiking Neurons in Temporal Coding .... 221 Wolfgang Maass and Thomas Natschlager
38. Binocular Disparity Tuning in Cortical 'Complex' Cells: Yet Another Role for Intradendritic Computation? ...................................... 227
Bartlett W. Mel, Kevin A. Archie, and Daniel L. Rudenuan
39. Dendritic Calcium Currents in Thalamic Relay Cells ....................... 233 Mike Neubig, Daniel Ulrich, John R. Huguenard, and Alain Destexhe
xi
40. A Model of How Rapid Changes in Local Input Resistance of Shark Electrosensory Neurons May Enable Detection of Small Signals ......... 239
Michael Paulin, Walter Senn, YosefYarom, Hanoch Meiri, and Dana Cohen
41. Dynamics of the Electroreceptors in the Paddlefish, Polyodon Spathula ........ 245 Xing Pei, David F. Russell, Lon A. Wilkens, and Frank Moss
42. Computational Mechanisms underlying the Second-Order Structure of Cortical Complex Cells .......................................... 251
Ko Sakai and Shigeru Tanaka
43. A Calcium Diffusion-Reaction Model for Facilitation ...................... 257 Thomas Schlumpberger
44. Spike Timing Reliability in a Stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley Model ............. 261 Elad Schneidman, Barry Freedman, and Idan Segev
45. Can Stochastic Neurons Support Spatio-Temporal Codes ................... 267 Harel Shouval and Orner B. Artun
46. Modelling the Control of Calcium Oscillations by Phosphorylation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ................................. 273
Volker Steuber and David J. Willshaw
47. Monte Carlo Simulation of Neurotransmitter Release Using MCell, a General Simulator of Cellular Physiological Processes ........................ 279
Joel R. Stiles, Thomas M. Bartol, Jr., Edwin E. Salpeter, and Miriam M. Salpeter
48. Non-Linear Parameter Estimation of Membrane Properties in Xenopus Embryonic Neurons ............................................. 285
Laurence Prime, Joel Tabak, Fran90is Tiaho, Benoit Saint-Mleux, Yves Pichon, C. R. Murphey, and L. E. Moore
49. Cholinergic Modulation of Spike Timing and Spike Frequency Adaptation in Neocortical Neurons ............................................ 291
A. C. Tang, A. M. Bartels, and T. J. Sejnowski
50. Noise Removal by Nonlinear Synapses .................................. 297 M. C. W. van Rossum and R. G. Smith
51. Temporal Coding with Oscillatory Sequences of Firing ..................... 303 Michael Wehr and Gilles Laurent
SECTION III: NETWORK
52. An Oscillating Cortical Network Model of Sensory-Motor Timing and Cordination .................................................... 309
Bill Baird
53. Pattem-Generator-Driven Development in Self-Organizing Models ........... 317 James A. Bednar and Risto Miikkulainen
xii
54. An Empirical Model Describing the Dynamics of Graded Transmission in the Lobster Pyloric Network ......................................... 325
J. T. Birmingham, Y. Manor, F. Nadim, L. F. Abbott, and E. Marder
55. Novel Frequency Control in a Population of Bursting Neurons with Excitatory Synaptic Coupling .............................................. 331
Robert J. Butera, Jr., John Rinzel, and Jeffrey C. Smith
56. A Two-Layer Model Describes the Spatiotemporal Properties of Spontaneous Retinal Waves .................................................. 337
Daniel A. Butts, Marla B. Feller, Holly L. Aaron, Carla J. Shatz, and Daniel S. Rokhsar
57. The Inhibitory Control of Pyramidal Cell Discharge in a Neural Network Simulation of a Local Circuit in Hippocampus Area CAl ............... 343
Allan Coop and Stephen Redman
58. A Biological Mechanism for Synaptic Stability in Developing Neocortical Circuits ....................................................... 349
Niraj S. Desai, Kenneth R. Leslie, Sacha B. Nelson, and Gina G. Turrigiano
59. Edge Detectors and Texture Detectors Differ in Their Lateral Connectivity ..... 355 Alexander Dimitrov and Jack D. Cowan
60. Orientation Contrast Enhancement Modulated by Differential Long-Range Interactions in Visual Cortex ...................................... 361
Udo Ernst, Klaus Pawelzik, Fred Wolf, and Theo Geisel
61. Carbachol-Induced Rhythms in the Hippocampal Slice: Slow (.5-2 Hz), Theta (4-10 Hz) and Gamma (80-100Hz) Oscillations ...................... 367
Jean-Marc Fellous, Taylor Jonhston, Michele Segal, and John Lisman
62. Chemotaxis Control by Linear Recurrent Networks ........................ 373 Thomas C. Ferree and Shawn R. Lockery
63. A Visually Driven Hippocampal Place Cell Model ........................ 379 Mark C. Fuhs, A. David Redish, and David S. Touretzky
64. Transient Synchronization of Propagating Discharges in Neocortical Slices ..... 385 D. Golomb, E. Kozhinsky, 1. A. Fleidervish, and M. J. Gutnick
65. A Hebbian Algorithm that Balances Information Rate and Neural Resource Consumption .................................................. 391
Allan Gottschalk
66. A Model of Monocular Cell Development by Competition for Neurotrophic Factor: Effects of Excess NT with Monocular Deprivation and Effects of NT Antagonist ................................................. 397
Anthony E. Harris, G. Bard Ermentrout, and Steve L. Small
67. Synchronization of Randomly Driven Nonlinear Oscillators and the Reliable Firing of Cortical Neurons ........................................ 403
R. V. Jensen, L. Jones, and D. H. Gartner
xiii
68. Neural Ensemble Processing with Types ................................. 409 Don H. Johnson and Charlotte M. Gruner
69. Response to Perturbations ofa Neural Network Model of Locomotor Control in the Lamprey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Ranu Jung and Suzanne Generazzo
70. Modeling Dynamic Receptive Field Changes Produced by Intracortical Microstimulation ............................................... 423
George 1. Kalarickal and Jonathan A. Marshall
71. Local Spinal Modulation of the KCa Channel Underlying Slow Adaptation in a Model of the Lamprey CPG ....................................... 429
Anders Lansner, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski, Maria Ullstrom, and Sten Grillner
72. Sequence Compression by a Hippocampal Model: A Functional Dissection .... 435 William B. Levy, Per B. Sederberg, and David August
73. From Touch Localization to Directed Motor Output in the Leech Local Bend Network ...................................................... 441
John E. Lewis and William B. Kristan, Jr.
74. Information Exchange Between Pairs of Spike Trains in the Mammalian Visual System .................................................. 447
Steven B. Lowen, Tsuyoshi Ozaki, Ehud Kaplan, and Malvin C. Teich
75. The Role of Feed forward and Feedback Inhibition on Frequency-Dependent Information Processing in a Cerebellar Granule Cell ................... 453
Huo Lu, F. W. Prior, and L. J. Larson-Prior
76. Using the Dynamic Clamp Technique to Study Frequency Regulation of the Pyloric Rhythm ................................................ 459
Yair Manor, Farzan Nadim, and Eve Marder
77. Attractor Dynamics in Realistic Hippocampal Networks .................... 465 Elliot D. Menschik, Shih-Cheng Yen, and LeifH. Finkel
78. Entrainment of a Slow Neuronal Oscillator by a Fast One ................... 471 Farzan Nadim, Yair Manor, Steve Epstein, and Eve Marder
79. Entrainment ofa Reciprocal Inhibition Neural Network Model to a Periodic PulseTrain .................................................... 477
Hirofumi Nagashino, Kazumi Achi, and Yohsuke Kinouchi
80. Extracellular Recording from Multiple Neighboring Cells: Response Properties in Parietal Cortex ...................................... 483
John S. Pezaris, Maneesh Sahani, and Richard Andersen
81. Analysis of Tetrode Recordings in Cat Visual System ...................... 491 Sergei Rebrik, Svilen Tzonev, and Ken Miller
82. Correlation Coding in Stochastic Neural Networks ........................ 497 Raphael Ritz and Terrence J. Sejnowski
xiv
83. A Model of the Effects of Lamination and Celltype Specialization in the Neocortex ..................................................... 503
Adrian Robert
84. Self-Organizing Maps of Spiking Neurons Using Temporal Coding ........... 509 Berthold Ruf and Michael Schmitt
85. A Model for Development of Cortical Lateral Connectivities Using Motion Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15
Ladan Shams and J6zsefFiser
86. Analog VLSI Model of the Leech Heartbeat Elemental Oscillator ............ 519 Mario F. Simoni, Girish N. Patel, Stephen P. DeWeerth, and
Ron L. Calabrese
87. A Mathematical Description for GABAergic Modulation of Sequence Disambiguation in Hippocampal Region CA3 ........................ 525
Vikaas S. Sohal and Michael E. Hasselmo
88. Bidirectional Completion of Cell Assemblies in the Cortex .................. 531 Friedrich T. Sommer, Thomas Wennekers, and GUnther Palm
89. Model of Hippocampal LTP Induced by Time-Structured Stimuli ............. 537 Masami Tatsuno and Yoji Aizawa
90. Modulation of Oscillatory Properties, Burst Rates, Intersegmental Coordination by GABAs-Receptor Activation in the Lamprey ........... 543
Jesper Tegner, Anders Lansner, and Sten Grillner
91. Activity Dependent Modulation of the Burst Rate by Calcium-Dependent Potassium Channels in Lamprey ................................... 549
Jesper Tegner, Anders Lansner, and Sten Grillner
92. Synchronization in Networks of Noisy Intemeurons ....................... 555 P. H. E. Tiesinga, W-J Rappel, and Jorge V. Jose
93. Significance of Modulated Adaptation for Rhythm Generation and Inter-Segmental Co-ordination in Lamprey ........................... 561
Maria Ullstr6m, Anders Lansner, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski, and Sten Grillner
94. A Hippocampal-Like Neural Network Model Solves the Transitive Inference Problem ...................................................... 567
Xiangbao Wu and William B. Levy
SECTION IV: SYSTEMS
95. Finite Element Decomposition of Human Neocortex ....................... 573 David A. Batte, Travis S. Chow, and Bruce H. McCormick
96. Path Integration in the Rat Head-Direction Circuit ......................... 579 Hugh T. Blair, Patricia E. Sharp, Jeiwon Cho, Jeremy P. Goodridge,
Robert W. Stackman, Edward J. Golob, and Jeffrey S. Taube
xv
97. Weight-Space Mapping offMRl Language Tasks ......................... 585 Jeremy B. Caplan, Randall R. Benson, James M. Hodgson,
Kaaren E. Bekken, Bruce R. Rosen, and Jeffrey P. Sutton
98. Representing Odor Quality Space: A Perceptual Framework for Olfactory Processing .................................................... 591
Christine W. J. Chee-Ruiter and James M. Bower
99. Neuronal Representations in a Categorization Task: Sensory To Motor Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Emilio Salinas and Ranulfo Romo
SECTION V: METHODOLOGY
100. The Paperless Laboratory: An Integrated Environment for Data Acquisition, Analysis, Archiving, and Collaboration ............................. 605
Thomas D. Coates, Jr.
101. The Qualitative Reasoning Neuron: A New Approach to Modeling in Computational Neuroscience ...................................... 609
Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Giorgio A. Ascoli, James L. OIds, and Lawrence Hunter
102. Perturbative M-Sequences for Auditory Systems Identification ............... 615 Mark Kvale and Christoph E. Schreiner
103. Extracellular Recording from Multiple Neighboring Cells: A Maximum-Likelihood Solution to the Spike-Separation Problem .................. 619
Maneesh Sahani, John S. Pezaris, and RichardA. Andersen
104. From Cells to Systems: Logos and METALogos .......................... 627 Michael Stiber and Gwen A. Jacobs
104. Regularity in Spike Firing with Random Inputs Detected by Method Extracting Contribution of Temporal Integration of a Pair of Incoming Spikes to the Firing of a Neuron ................................... 633
David C. Tam
Index ......................................................... '" ..... 639
xvi
Computational Neuroscience Trends in Research, 1998