computer-generated medical, technical, and scientific illustration
DESCRIPTION
Computer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific Illustration. SIGGRAPH 2005 Course #31 Half-Day, Tuesday, 2 August, 8:30 am - 12:15 pm Level: Intermediate. Co-Organizers David S. Ebert Purdue University Mario Costa Sousa University of Calgary. Lecturers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Computer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific IllustrationComputer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific Illustration
SIGGRAPH 2005
Course #31
Half-Day, Tuesday, 2 August, 8:30 am - 12:15 pmLevel: Intermediate
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Computer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific IllustrationComputer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific Illustration
Co-Organizers
• David S. EbertPurdue University
• Mario Costa SousaUniversity of Calgary
Lecturers
• Amy GoochNorthwestern University
• Don StredneyOhio Supercomputer Center
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Computer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific IllustrationComputer-Generated Medical, Technical, and Scientific Illustration
• NPR Systems for Technical and Science Subjects Mario Costa Sousa, 50 min (08:30 - 09:15)
• Interactive Medical Volume Illustration David S. Ebert, 60 min, (9:15 - 10:15)
• BREAK (10:15 - 10:30)
• Illustration: Lighting and Material Properties Amy Gooch, 50 min (10:30 - 11:20)
• An Illustrator's Perspective on Computer-generated Illustration TechniquesDon Stredney, 55 min, (11:20 - 12:15)
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NPR Systems for Technical and Science Subjects NPR Systems for Technical and Science Subjects
Mario Costa Sousa
University of Calgary
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Precise Ink Drawing SystemPrecise Ink Drawing System
Mario Costa SousaFaramarz Samavati
Torin Taerum
University of Calgary
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Shape analysis
Measures/Regions
Drawing directions
Light silhouettes
Region refinement
Stroke stylization
Rendering
3D model
User
Automatic
Interactive
Precise Ink Drawing System[Sousa et al 2003, 2004, [Sousa et al 2003, 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004]Pakdel and Samavati 2004] Precise Ink Drawing System[Sousa et al 2003, 2004, [Sousa et al 2003, 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004]Pakdel and Samavati 2004]
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Precise Ink Drawing SystemPrecise Ink Drawing System
• [Sousa et al. 2003] Sousa, M., Foster, K., Wyvill, B., and Samavati, F. 2003. Precise ink drawing of 3d models. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics ’03) 22, 3, 369–379.
• [Sousa et al 2004] Sousa, M., Samavati, F., and Brunn, M. 2004. Depicting shape features with directional strokes and spotlighting. In Proc. of Computer Graphics International ’04, 214–221.
• [Pakdel and Samavati 2004] H. R. Pakdel and F. F. Samavati, Incremental Adaptive Loop Subdivision, ICCSA2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3045, pp. 237-246, 2004.
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Shape analysis
Measures/Regions
Drawing directions
Light silhouettes
Region refinement
Stroke stylization
Rendering
3D model
User
Automatic
Interactive
Precise Ink Drawing System[[Sousa et al 2003Sousa et al 2003, 2004, , 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004]Pakdel and Samavati 2004] Precise Ink Drawing System[[Sousa et al 2003Sousa et al 2003, 2004, , 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004]Pakdel and Samavati 2004]
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ApproachApproach
Gargoyle, 207K Model source: Rich Pito, Model source: Rich Pito, University of Pennsylvania GRASP Lab
Mesh
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Gargoyle, 207K Preprocess
MeshEdge Buffer
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Gargoyle, 207K Preprocess
Shape Measures:
• Dihedral Angle • Slope Steepness• Slope Aspect• Mean Curvature
MeshEdge Buffer
a
b
a
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Gargoyle, 207K Preprocess 10 s
MeshEdge Buffer with Shape Measures
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Gargoyle, 207K Preprocess 10 s 1 fpsRun-Time
MeshEdge Buffer with Shape Measures
Automatic WidthInteractive Pen MarksInk Distribution Effects
Result
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Shape analysis
Measures/Regions
Drawing directions
Light silhouettes
Region refinement
Stroke stylization
Rendering
3D model
User
Automatic
Interactive
Precise Ink Drawing System[Sousa et al 2003, 2004, [Sousa et al 2003, 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004Pakdel and Samavati 2004]] Precise Ink Drawing System[Sousa et al 2003, 2004, [Sousa et al 2003, 2004, Pakdel and Samavati 2004Pakdel and Samavati 2004]]
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Adaptive SubdivisionAdaptive Subdivision
• Do we really need to subdivide flat areas?
• Growth factor of faces?
• Flat area : Low curvature area
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Interest based selected area Interest based selected area
• For example: silhouette
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Adaptive subdivision (Loop)Adaptive subdivision (Loop)
• Just subdivide and split some triangles
• Cracks !
• Solution: insert new edges (T-junctions)
A. Amresh, G. Farin, and A. Razdan. Adaptive subdivision schemes for triangular meshes. Hierarchical and Geometric Methods in Scientific Visualization, 2003.
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Repeat for several times!Repeat for several times!
• Some “extremely” extra-ordinary vertices ( O-Vertices)
• Abrupt change of the resolution
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Repeat for several times!Repeat for several times!
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Ripple effectRipple effect
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Balanced mesh: Red-Green TriangulationBalanced mesh: Red-Green Triangulation
• Green face: a face with one T-junctions
• Red face: a face with more than one T-Junction
• Bisect for green
• Quadrisect for red
• Complicated scheme
R. E. Bank, A. H. Sherman, and A. Weiser. Refinement algorithms and data structures for regular local mesh refinement. Scientific Computing, volume 1, pages 3-17, 1983.
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Balanced mesh: Red-Green TriangulationBalanced mesh: Red-Green Triangulation
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Repair of the geometry: restricted meshRepair of the geometry: restricted mesh
To have the same shape as the regular, odd and even vertices must be in the same subdivision depth as their neighbors.
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Red-Green + Restricted mesh methodRed-Green + Restricted mesh method
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Red-Green + Restricted mesh methodRed-Green + Restricted mesh method
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Red-Green + Restricted mesh methodRed-Green + Restricted mesh method
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Red-Green + Restricted mesh methodRed-Green + Restricted mesh method
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Our approach: Incremental Adaptive Loop SubdivisionOur approach: Incremental Adaptive Loop Subdivision
• [Pakdel and Samavati 2004]
• Begin with a wider neighbourhood of the the selected area
• Use simple bisection method outside the extended area
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Incremental change of the resolutionIncremental change of the resolution
Anti-aliased result
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ComparisonComparison
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Wider extensionsWider extensions
• Smoother transition from coarse to fine
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Example: sharp featuresExample: sharp features
Use incremental subdivision just for creases
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ExampleExample
Regular simple bisection red-green/restricted incremental
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ExampleExample
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Shape analysis
Measures/Regions
Drawing directions
Light silhouettes
Region refinement
Stroke stylization
Rendering
3D model
User
Automatic
Interactive
Precise Ink Drawing System[[Sousa et al 2003Sousa et al 2003, , 20042004, , Pakdel and Samavati 2004Pakdel and Samavati 2004]] Precise Ink Drawing System[[Sousa et al 2003Sousa et al 2003, , 20042004, , Pakdel and Samavati 2004Pakdel and Samavati 2004]]
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The basic idea of our approach is illustrated. Users are able to refine the areas that they feel are important while leaving other areas unchanged.
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Drawing steps session for a heart model (1619 triangles). Starting with slope steepness over the original mesh (1), the user selects threshold values for slope steepness (purple) (2), the system computes overall area to be refined (green) (3) and target triangles are subdivided with edges rendered as individual strokes (4).
(1) (2) (3) (4)
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Other regions are then thresholded (5, 6), with two subsequent subdivisions and rendering (7, 8).
(5) (6) (7) (8)
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Original mesh Final mesh
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Preprocess
Stroke Directional FieldsStroke Directional Fields
Method 1: Method 1: principal directions principal directions of curvatureof curvature
D. H. Eberly3D Game Engine Design : 3D Game Engine Design : A Practical ApproachA Practical Approachto Real-Time Computer Graphicsto Real-Time Computer GraphicsMorgan Kaufmann, 2000.
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Preprocess
Stroke Directional FieldsStroke Directional Fields
Method 2: Method 2: simple tangent simple tangent space directionsspace directions
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(a) (b)
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(c)
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Progressive refinement of 3D meshes of any given resolution at particular shape measures thresholds
• Good rendering rates
• Visual quality
• Frame coherence
• Artistic freedom
• Few parameters