Ravi Ranade and Victor C. LiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor

Motivation Multi-scale Theoretical and Empirical Analysis Approach

Conclusions

Proposed Material Solution

Acknowledgements

Concrete for a Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructure

Existing Concrete Infrastructure:

Lacks Durability & Sustainability

- 7% of the global GHG emissions (2009)- 10 times more energy intensive than average GDP in the US

Cement Plant

Lacks Resilience

ASCE’s Assessment of US Infrastructure

I-90 Truck Crash (2003) Japan Tsunami (2011)

Environmental Greenness &

Durability< 0.45 kg CO2 eq/Liter< 100 μm crack width

Tensile Ductility

> 3% (100 times that of concrete)

Compressive Strength

> 200 MPa (5 times that of concrete)

Green High Strength High Ductility Concrete

Integrating strength, ductility, durability, and greenness in one concrete material

Green High Strength High Ductility Concrete

(GHSHDC)

Experiments/

Observations

Scal

e Li

nkin

g M

odel

-1

Scal

e Li

nkin

g M

odel

-2

Fini

teEl

emen

t Mod

elin

g

Life

Cyc

le M

odel

ing

Length Scale10-9 – 10-6 mnano-micro

Microstructure

10-6 – 10-3 mmicro-mesoSingle Crack

10-3 – 100 mmeso-macro

Composite Material

100 – 103 m

Infrastructure

103 – 106 m

Environment

Modeled

Behavior

To understand and design a resilient and sustainable infrastructure, the material behavior down to nano-micro length scales is investigated using carefully designed experiments.

Based on the micromechanical tailoring of GHSHDC, the performance of infrastructure in terms of its resilience and sustainability is predicted using a series of analytical and numerical models.

Ductility CriteriaSingle Fiber Pullout

0

15

0% 4%

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Tensile Strain Source: Chin (2006)

Fiber

Matrix Multiple Cracking in HSHDC Largest Concrete Arch Bridge in North America

Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge

18% 17%

70% 80%

0%

50%

100%

Global WarmingPotential

Total PrimaryEnergy

End of life TrafficDistribution ConstructionMaterials

6.2 mil kg CO2

82 Tera-Joules

Bridge Deck LCAImpact AnalysisUniaxial Tension Modeling

Results

Property HSHDC Concrete

Compressive Strength (MPa) 166 40Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) 14 3

Tensile Strain Capacity 3.50% 0.01%Modulus of Rupture (MPa) 30 4Average Crack Width (μm) 110 Indefinite

CO2 Footprint (kg CO2 eq/L) 0.58 0.30Primary Energy Intensity (MJ/L) 7 1.2

Invention of High Strength High Ductility Concrete (HSHDC) [US Patent Pending] • Due to the combination of strength,

ductility, and durability enabled by tightcrack width, this invention has thepotential to create a safer and less costlyinfrastructure in harmony with the naturalenvironment

• The greener version of HSHDC: GreenHigh Strength High Ductility Concrete(GHSHDC), which utilizes numerousindustrial waste streams will furtherimprove the sustainability of the builtenvironment

High Strength High Ductility Concrete