coning and compositional simulation

7/26/2019 Coning and Compositional Simulation

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PE 425: RESERVOI

MODELING ANDSIMULATION

Faustine

June 2016

University of

Dodo!


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Coning and

Compositional ModeSimulation

Faus

June University of


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Coning ModelSimulation


4/31

Coning ModelSimulation

Coning is the mehanism desri!ing the movement of "at

the perforations of oil produing "ells$ For "ater oning% the movement is up"ards for the ase

"ater% side&"ards for edge "ater$

'o"ever it is do"n"ards for gas oning$

(he prodution of "ater from oil "ells is a ommon ou

inreases the ost of produing operations and may redu

e)ieny of the depletion mehanism and the reovery


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(he oning of "ater into prodution "ells is aused !y pressu

esta!lished around the "ell!ore !y the prodution of *uids fro

(hese pressure gradients an raise the "ater&oil ontat near

"here the gradients are dominant$

(he gravity fores that arise from *uid density di+erenes ou

the *o"ing pressure gradients and tend to ,eep the "ater out-one$

'ene% at any given time% there is a !alane !et"een the grav

the visous fores at any point on and a"ay from the omplet

Coning Model Simulation


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(he "ater one formed eventually !rea,s into the "

produe "ater along "ith the oil "hen the visous fo

e.eed that of the gravitational fores$

(his !asi visuali-ation of oning an !e e.panded i

oneptual ones/&

a sta!le one%

! unsta!le one and

ritial prodution rate$



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S(34 C547

8f a "ell is produed at a onstant rate and the pressurethe drainage system is onstant% a steady state onditio

reahed% if at this ondition% the dynami fores 9visou

the "ell are less than the gravity fores$

(hen the "ater or gas one that has formed "ill not e.t

"ell $

Moreover% the one "ill not advane nor reede% thus es

"hat is ,no"n as sta!le one$



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US(34 C547

Conversely% if the pressure in the system is in an unsteady&state ondition% th

"ill !e formed is unsta!le and it "ill ontinue to advane until the steady&sta

over$

8f the *o"ing pressure drop is su)ient to overome the gravity fores% the u

mushroom and ultimately !rea, into the "ell$

8n atual sense therefore% sta!le ones may only !e :pseudosta!le: !eause t

system and the pressure distri!ution generally hange$

For a e.ample% during reservoir depletion% the "ater& oil ontat may advane

ompletion interval% there!y inreasing oning tendenies$

nother one is redution in produtivity due to "ell damage re;uires a orres

inreasing the *o"ing pressure drop to maintain a given prodution rate$ (h

pressure drop may fore an other"ise sta!le one into the "ell$



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C


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C


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4+ets of Coning issues

?ater oning has !een a ma>or hith that "orries reservo

sine the

ineption of the petroleum industry$

8t seriously impats the "ell produtivity and in*uenes

reovery of the oil reservoirs$

8t also inreases the ost of "ater handling and disposa

=romotes orrosive pro!lems in prodution failities%

8t auses early shut do"n of the a+eted "ells$



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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@ 5il reservoirs "ith !ottom "ater drive have high oil reovery

supplemental energy from the a;uifer$

?ells are often penetrated in the top setion of the oil forma

minimi-e or delay "ater oning "hen there is no gas ap in t

(he main reason of "ater oning is that% "ater moves to the

least resistane in the reservoir "hile !alaned !y its gravity

e;uili!rium$

8t is o!vious that oil prodution in the "ell reates a pressure

"hih elevates the oil&"ater ontat 95?C in the immediate

the "ell$


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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Shemati of "ater oning in reservoir under a;uifer support in hori-o


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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Shemati of "ater oning in vertial "ells


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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Cone !rea,through time and !uild up time developmFor the advaning one% distane or height attained !y an oil partile moving at th

!y this e;uation/


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Compositional modelSimulation


17/31

Compositional model Simulati

!la, oil simulator does not onsider hanges in ompositio

hydroar!ons as the Aeld is produed$

(he ompositional model% is a more omple. model% "here th

properties of oil and gas phases have !een Atted to an e;uati

945S% as a mi.ture of omponents$

(he simulator then uses the Atted 45S e;uation to dynamial

movement of !oth phases and omponents in Aeld$

(he simulation model omputes the saturation hange of thre

"ater and gasand pressure of eah phase in eah ell at ea


18/31

s a result of delining pressure as in a reservoir depletion s

!e li!erated from the oil$ 8f pressures inrease as a result of

in>etion% the gas is re&dissolved into the oil phase$

simulation pro>et of a developed Aeld% usually re;uires h

mathing "here historial Aeld prodution and pressures ar

to alulated values$

(he model:s parameters are ad>usted until a reasona!le mat

ahieved on a Aeld !asis and usually for all "ells$ Commonly

"ater uts or "ater&oil ratios and gas&oil ratios are mathed$

Compositional model Simulatio


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8ntrodution to Compositional Sim

8ntrodution to Compositional


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8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation So as onsidering so&alled la, 5il models$

(hese models assume that the hydroar!ons may !e desr

omponents% oil and gas% and that hydroar!on *uid ompo

onstant during the simulation$

ll *uid properties are assumed to !e determined !y oil pre

!u!!le point pressure only$

ll mass transfer !et"een the t"o omponents is normally

the solution gas&oil ratio term%


21/31

8n reservoirs ontaining light oil% the hydroar!on omposition

pressures a+et *uid properties$

4;uili!rium *ash alulations using K values or and e;uation o

must !e used to determine hydroar!on phase ompositions$

Compositional simulation is !eyond the sope of this ourse% h

"ill in the follo"ing give a short introdution to the su!>et$

8n a ompositional model% "e in priniple ma,e mass !alanes

hydroar!on omponent% suh as methane% ethane% propane% e

"e limit the num!er of omponents inluded% and group omp

pseudo&omponents$

8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation



22/31

?e still have oil and gas as *o"ing hydroar!on phasefollo"ing "e "ill for simpliity e.lude "ater% "hih "o

form idential to its form in the la, 5il model$ ?e deAne




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(he num!er of e;uations that must !e solved in ompositional simdepends on the num!er of omponents modeled$

5ften% "e model the lighter omponents individually% and group heomponents into a pseudo&omponent$

8f non&hydroar!ons are involved% these may have to also !e mode

(he la, 5il model may !e onsidered to !e a pseudo&ompositiot"o omponents$ gain negleting "ater% if "e deAne our ompon




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27/31

8ntrodution to Compositional Simu

!la, oil simulator does not onsider hanges in ompositio

hydroar!ons as the Aeld is produed$

(he ompositional model% is a more omple. model% "here th

properties of oil and gas phases have !een Atted to an e;uati

945S% as a mi.ture of omponents$

(he simulator then uses the Atted 45S e;uation to dynamialmovement of !oth phases and omponents in Aeld$

(he simulation model omputes the saturation hange of thre

"ater and gasand pressure of eah phase in eah ell at ea

8 t d ti t C iti l Si


28/31

s a result of delining pressure as in a reservoir depletion s

!e li!erated from the oil$ 8f pressures inrease as a result of in>etion% the gas is re&dissolved into the oil phase$

simulation pro>et of a developed Aeld% usually re;uires h

mathing "here historial Aeld prodution and pressures ar

to alulated values$

(he model:s parameters are ad>usted until a reasona!le mat

ahieved on a Aeld !asis and usually for all "ells$ Commonly

"ater uts or "ater&oil ratios and gas&oil ratios are mathed$

8ntrodution to Compositional Sim

Simulation soft"are


29/31

Many soft"are% private% open soure or ommerial% are availa!le for reservoir simul

"ell ,no"s 9in alpha!etial order are7

O"en So#r$e:

5S( & la, 5il pplied Simulation (ool 9oast simulator is a free soft"are pa,a

simulation availa!le from the U$S$ Department of 4nergy$1E oast is an 8M=4S num

9Anite&di+erene impliit pressure&e.pliit saturation "hih Ands the pressure distr

time step Arst then alulates the saturation distri!ution for the same time step iso

release "as in 1G6 !ut it remains as a good simulator for eduational purposes$

M


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Simulation soft"are%oer$i!&:

%MGSuite 98M4I% @4M and S(


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%oer$i!&:

Stohasti Simulation

coning and compositional simulation

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