Conjugations of Latin Verbs

Principle Parts• Almost every verb has 4 principle

parts• The 1st principle part is the first

person of the present tense• The 2nd principle part is the infinitive

which is used for the present, imperfect, and future tenses

• The 3rd principle part is used for the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses

• The 4th principal part is used for the passive voice & participles

General Rules for Conjugating

• For the present, imperfect, and future tense you use the infinitive of the verb.– You take off the –re and add the

specific ending for each tense.

•For the perfect, pluperfect, & future perfect tenses you use the third principle part of the verb.

-You take off the –i & add the specific ending for each tense.

Conjugations• There are 4 conjugations of

Latin verbs 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

-are -ēre -ere -ire

Tenses• There are 6 verb

tenses in Latin:-Present -Perfect-Imperfect -Pluperfect -Future -Future Perfect

• Each tense has its own endings

Present Tense• The present tense is

used to describe what is going on or what is happening now.

• endings:-o or m -mus-s -tis-t -nt

Imperfect Tense• The imperfect tense is used

to tell about an action that occurs in the past or went on for a long time.

• The endings are:– bam -bamus– bas -batis– bat -bant

Future Tense• The future tense is used to

tell what will or is going to happen.

• The future tense also has two sets of ending.

• The endings for 1st and 2nd conjugations are:– bo -bimus– bis -bitis– bit -bunt

Future Tense Continued

• The other set of endings is used for the 3rd and 4th conjugations.

• Those endings are:– am -emus– es -etis– et -ent– REMEMBER – BO, BI, BU

for 1 & 2, A & E for 4 & 3

Perfect Tense• The perfect tense is used

to tell about a completed action or what has happened.

• The endings are:– i -imus– isti -istis– it -erunt

Pluperfect Tense• The pluperfect tense is

used to tell about an action that occurred before the perfect tense or what had happened.

• The endings are:– eram -eramus– eras -eratis– erat -erant

Future Perfect Tense

• The future perfect tense is used with conditional phrases, clauses with if, and tells what will have happened

• The endings are:– ero -erimus– eris -eritis– erit -erint

1St Conjugation Amo, amare, amavi, amatus = To love

Presentamo amamusamas amatisamat amant

Imperfectamabam amabamusamabas amabatisamabat amabant

Future amabo amabimus amabis amabitis amabit amabunt

1st ContinuedPerfect

amavi amavimus amavisti amavistis amavit amaverunt

Pluperfectamaveram amaveramusamaveras amaveratisamaverat amaverant

Future Perfect amavero amaverimus amaveris amaveritis amaverit amaverint

2nd Conjugation Maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus = To

remain, stay, wait

Presentmaneo manemusmanes manetismanet manent

Imperfect manebam manebamus manebas manebatis manebat manebant

Future manebo manebimus manebis manebitis manebit manebunt

2nd ContinuedPerfect

mansi mansimus mansisti mansistis mansit

manserunt Pluperfectmanseram manseramusmanseras manseratismanserat manserant

Future Perfect mansero manserimus manseris manseritis manserit manserint

3rd Conjugation• There are regular 3rd conjugation

verbs and 3rd –io.• For all third conjugation verbs

instead of only taking off the –re and adding the endings for the present tense you have to change the e to an i.

• For the rest of the tenses the rules are the same but for the 3rd –io you put an i before the e in the imperfect and future tenses.

• Also in the 3rd person plural form of the present tense the i changes to an u.

3rd Conjugation (regular)

Presentcado cadimuscadis caditiscadit cadunt

Cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus = To fall

Imperfect cadebam cadebamus cadebas cadebatis cadebat cadebant

Future cadam cademus cades cadetis cadet cadent

3rd Conjugation (regular)…

Perfect cecidi cecidimus cecidisti cecidistis cecidit ceciderunt

Pluperfectcecideram cecideramuscecideras cecideratisceciderat ceciderant

Future Perfect cecidero ceciderimus cecideris cecideritis ceciderit ceciderint

3rd Conjugation (-io)

Facio, facere, feci, factus = To make, do

Presentfacio facimusfacis facitisfacit faciunt

Imperfect faciebam faciebamus faciebas faciebatis faciebat faciebant

Future faciam faciemus facies facietis faciet facient

3rd Conjugation (-io)…

Perfect feci fecimus fecisti fecistis fecit fecerunt

Pluperfectfeceram feceramusfeceras feceratisfecerat fecerant

Future Perfect fecero fecerimus feceris feceritis fecerit fecerint

4th Conjugation

Dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormiturus= To sleep

Presentdormio dormimusdormis dormitisdormit dormiunt

Imperfectdormiebam dormiebamus

dormiebas dormiebatis dormiebat dormiebant

Future dormiam dormiemus dormies dormietis dormiet dormient

4th Conjugation Continued Perfect

dormivi dormivimus

dormivisti dormivistis

dormivit dormiverunt

Pluperfect

dormiveram dormiveramus

dormiveras dormiveratis

dormiverat dormiverant

Future Perfect

dormivero dormiverimus

dormiveris dormniveritis

dormiverit dormiverint

Irregular Verbs• Along with regular verbs

there are also irregular verbs in Latin.

• They have their own endings and have a special ways of being conjugated.

• The six verbs that will be conjugated are esse, posse, velle, nolle, ferre, and ire.

Sum, esse, fui, futurus-to be

Present

sum sumus

es estis

est sunt

Imperfect eram eramus

eras eratis

erat erant

Future

ero erimus

eris eritis

erit erunt

Perfectfui fuimus

fuisti fuistis

fuit fuerunt Pluperfect

fueram fueramus

fueras fueratis

fuerat fuerant

Future Perfect

fuero fuerimus

fueris fueritis

fuerit fuerint

Possum, posse, potui- to be able

This verb is just like esse only there must be a pot before the e and pos before the s.

Present

possum possumus

potes potestis

potest possunt

Imperfect poteram poteramus

poteras poteratis

poterat poterant

Future

potero poterimus

poteris poteritis

poterit poterunt

Possum, posse, potui- to be able… Perfectpotui potuimus

potuisti potuistis

potuit potuerunt

Pluperfect

potueram potueramus potueras potueratis

potuerat potuerant

Future Perfect

potuero potuerimus

potueris potueritis

potuerit potuerint

Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want

• These two verbs conjugated the same way.

Present

volo volumus

vis vultis

vult volunt

Present

nolo nolumus

non vis non vultis

non vult nolunt

Imperfect volebam volebamus

volebas volebatis

volebat volebant

Imperfect nolebam nolebamus

nolebas nolebatis

nolebat nolebant

Future

volam volemus

voles voletis

volet volent

Future

nolam nolemus

noles noletis

nolet nolent

Volo, velle, volui- to want Nolo, nolle, nolui- to not want…

Perfectvolui voluimus

voluisti voluistis

voluit voluerunt

Perfectnolui noluimus

noluisti noluistis

noluit noluerunt

Pluperfect

volueram volueramus volueras volueratis

voluerat volueratis

Pluperfect

nolueram nolueramus nolueras nolueratis

noluerat nolueratis

Future Perfect

voluero voluerimus

volueris volueritis

voluerit voluerint

Future Perfect

noluero noluerimus

nolueris nolueritis

noluerit noluerint

Fero, ferre, tuli, latus- to bring, carry

Present

fero ferimus

fers fertis

fert ferunt

Imperfect ferebam ferebamus

ferebas ferebatis

ferebat ferebant

Future

feram feremus

feres feretis

feret ferent

Fero, ferre, tuli, latus…

Perfect tuli tulimus

tulisti tulistis

tulit tulerunt

Pluperfect

tuleram tuleramus tuleras tuleratis

tulerat tulerant

Future Perfect

tulero tulerimus

tuleris tuleritis

tulerit tulerint

Eo, ire, ivi, iturusTo go

Present

eo imus

is itis

it eunt

Imperfect ibam ibamus

ibas ibatis

ibat ibant

Future

ibo ibimus

ibis ibitis

ibit ibunt

Eo, ire, ivi, iturus…

Perfect ivi ivimus

ivisti ivistis

ivit iverunt

Pluperfect

iveram iveramus iveras iveratis

iverat iverant

Future Perfect

ivero iverimus

iveris iveritis

iverit iverint

THE END