connecting future fibre supply to genetics ... · 2 connecting future fibre supply to genetics,...

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2017-18 CIF e-Lecture Series“Innovative Solutions to Respond to the Challenge of a Changing Climate”

Patrick LenzResearch Scientist

Canadian Wood Fibre CentreFebruary 14, 2018

Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing

Climate!

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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing Climate - CIF e-Lecture

Participants

Jeff FeraForest

Research Officer

CWFC, GLFC

Mike HoeptingForester

CWFC, GLFC

Cosmin FilipescuResearch

Scientist – CWFC, PFC

Tim KeddyWood Fibre

Development Specialist

CWFC, NoFC

Patrick LenzResearch

Scientist – CWFC, LFC

Janice CookeUniversity of

Alberta

Nathalie Isabel Research Scientist –CWFC, LFC

Mike Cruickshank

Research Scientist –CWFC, PFC

Michele Fullarton

Govt of NB

John Pedlar Biologist

CFS, GLFC

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Projects• from a wide geographic range;• focussing on different species and

ecosystems; All aiming at an improved future

fibre supply through appropriatestand establishment practices.

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Stand establishment practices for resilient forests(CWFC collaborative research project 3.1)

CFS program:

SustainableFibre Solutions

Output 3: Growing Resilient Forests for a Sustainable Fibre Supply

Stand Establishment Practices

Research topics• Genetic and genomic tools for advanced

tree breeding• Assisted migration techniques• Vegetation management and pre-

commercial thinning practices to enhance resilience and productivity

• Adjusted stocking standards for future conditions

• Growing stands for specific type of fibre• …

Wood fibre for bio-economy opportunities

Silvilcultural solutions for short-term timber supply

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Stand establishment practices for resilient forests(CWFC collaborative research project 3.1)

CFS program:

SustainableFibre Solutions

Output 3: Growing Resilient Forests for a Sustainable Fibre Supply

Stand Establishment Practices

Forest Climate Change

Linking to other CFS programs:

Sustainable Forest Management

Pest Risk Management

Research topics• Genetic and genomic tools for advanced

tree breeding• Assisted migration techniques• Vegetation management and pre-

commercial thinning practices to enhance resilience and productivity

• Adjusted stocking standards for future conditions

• Stand growing for specific type of fibre• …

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Future fibre supply … first thoughts of a geneticist …

• Need of superior planting stock • Improved properties for growth, wood and … what else?

• Climate Change will continuously influence our choice of traits to improve and how we manage plantations and forests.• Create resilient forests

• Rapid and flexible tree breeding approaches using genomic tools.• Genomic selection modelling

• Pedigree control

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Co-lead in Genome Canada financed applied partnership project:

Project aim: • Implementation of genomic selection in

spruce breeding programs in provinces of QC and NB (MFFPQ, NBTIC and JD Irving Ltd; co-lead: U Laval and CWFC)

Prediction of genetic value based ongenetic markers will significantly speedup the improvement of planting stock.

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Genome Canada large-scale project, lead: U. Laval & UBC

General goal• Improve phenotyping and genomic

selection of complex traits.

CFS Co-PIs : Nathalie Isabel et Patrick Lenz

• Precision phenotyping of drought resistance (collab.: U. Toronto)

• Nutrient use efficiency (collab.: U of Alberta)

prepare for environmental changes understand mechanisms and select

more resilient treesE Dussault, CFS

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Genome Canada large-scale project, lead: U. Laval & UBC

CFS Co-PIs : Nathalie Isabel et Patrick Lenz

• End product relevant wood quality traits: stiffness and wood uniformity (U. Laval)

• Optimized stem form and branching for optimal processing.

• Biomass and chemical composition as novel bio-economy traits.

Produce high valued products Diversify product basket: bio-products,

carbon sequestration credits

VT-Institute

D Blanchette

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So … what else do we need besides good seedlings??

Once seedlings are in the ground:

• How do we mange plantations and forests for resilient fibre supply?

• What are actually the risks arising from changing climate?

• How do we expect trees to react under altered climate?

• How can we augment resilience to (more intense) pest and diseases?

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Vulnerability Assessment for Climate Change at the Petawawa Research Forest - an example for

the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region

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Project Objective: A vulnerability assessment for climate change at the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF) aims to evaluate the risks and opportunities which a changing climate may impose on sustainably managing the

forest in the future for forest research, forest operations and regional leadership.

By undertaking this assessment this project hopes to achieve:

Research: Smart investments for innovative research

Knowledge to inform forest managers and policy decisions on advanced solutions to challenges facing the forest sector concerning climate change

Connect to external forest adaptation to climate change research networks (national and international)

Operations: Provide information that will allow climate change associated risks and opportunities, and adaptation and/or

mitigation measures to be incorporated in the development of the next iteration of a sustainable forest management plan for the PRF

Leadership:Regional demonstration of undertaking of a VACC at the scale of a forest management unit

Demonstration of utilizing information from a VACC to enhance a sustainable forest management plan (SFMP). Demonstration of on-the-ground silvicultural options to enhance sustainable forest management within a

changing climate

Edwards, J.E., Pearce, C., Ogden, A.E., and Williamson, T.B. 2015. Climate change and sustainable forest management in Canada: a guidebook for assessing vulnerability and mainstreaming adaptation into decision making.

Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, Ottawa, Ontario. 160 p.

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Mapping vulnerability and it’s componentsVolume exposed Exposure x Sensitivity

Drought vulnerability PRF for 2071-2100 projection, RCP 8.5Boisvert-Marsh, Aubin et al. Dec 2017

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Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC)

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PartnersIsabelle Aubin, Research Scientist, NRCan: Tree sensitivity to climate change mapping tool - Integrating ecological knowledge to biophysical predictions for a more accurate assessment of tree vulnerability to climate change (Aubin et al. 2016).

Dan McKenney, Research Scientist, NRCan: Customized spatial climate models for North America - Geographical climate model for predictions of possible climatic conditions under various climate change scenarios (McKenney et al. 2011).Seedwhere model, a wed based application to assist matching tree seed sources to climatic appropriate conditions (McKenney et al.1999)

Murray Woods, Researcher, NRCan/OMNRF: Use existing LiDAR-derived enhanced forest inventory and associated products (e.g. digital terrain model, wet areas mapping) for forest metrics information.

Anthony Taylor, Research Scientist, NRCan: Climate Change impacts on forest modelling (Boulanger et al. 2016).

Frédérik Doyon, Research Scientist, Institut des Sciences de la Forét tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais: Design of a procedure of silvicultural diagnosis that aims at reinforcing the adaptative capacity to climate change of hardwood and pine stands.

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture

• Portfolio of studies (8 studies, est. 1952-2015)• Common objectives: timing and intensity of vegetation

management and density regulation• Team: M.Hoepting, N.Thiffault, J.Farrell, J.Fera, I.Aubin, K.Santala

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – recent activity

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – pending results

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – pending results

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Enhancing forest productivity, value, and health through silviculture – going forward

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Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation

Objectives:

• Detect signal(s) of adaptation by using a dendroecologyapproach

• Evaluating a posteriori drought tolerance

• Look for genotype-phenotype (e.g. WUE) associations and genotype-environment associations

Team: RNCan Martin Girardin, Patrick Lenz, Martine Savard; U Laval Claire Depardieu, Isabelle Duchesne, Jean Bousquet; SRFI-WSL Arthur Gessler

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Approaches to study local adaptationEx: Eastern white pine

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Approaches to study local adaptationEx: Eastern white pine

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Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation

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Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation Evaluating a posteri drought tolerance (Coll. M. Savard, A. Gessler)

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Connecting growth performance sensitivity to environment/climate with genomic variation Evaluating a posteri drought tolerance (Coll. M. Savard, A. Gessler)

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Background

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Genomic Selection: Efficiency in the Tree Breeding Programs of the Maritimes

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Measuring and field sampling

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Operational use of the information:

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Western Redcedar – High-Value, Multiple-Use Resource

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Cedar Research Working Group

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Cedar – Management options

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Re

lati

ve R

esi

stan

ce

Percent distance through tree base

CW stumped CW unstumped

CWEP stumped CWEP unstumped

CWFD stumped CWFD unstumped

CWPL stumped CWPL unstumped

Cruickshank, Filipescu, Sturrock

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Cedar – Heartwood extractivesRate of growth and site in second growth

Filipescu, Stirling

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Cedar – Climate change

Campbell, Berg, Filipescu

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Cedar – Decay dynamics and Genetics

Becker, Sturrock, Pellow

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Cedar – Economic analysisStumping out tree root disease – An economic analysis of controlling root

disease, including its effects on carbon storage in southern British Columbia.

2018. Forest Ecology and Management 409(2): 129-147. Bogdanski, Cruickshank, Di

Lucca, Becker

An Economic Assessment of the Western Redcedar Industry in British Columbia.

(in press) FI-X-017 Report. Gregory, McBeath, Filipescu

Canada’s Western Redcedar Industry: An analysis if Import Demand (in press)

Grypma, Bogdanski, Sun

Impact of decay losses and ungulate browsing on cedar product potential and

value (ongoing) Bogdanski, Cruickshank, Sattler, Di Lucca, Filipescu et al.

Bogdanski, Cruickshank, McBeath, Filipescu et al.

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Douglas-fir projects

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Tree stress- Resistance and Tolerance

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Wood Density

• Biggest change after infection or drought

Affected by:

• Tracheid wall thickness• Tracheid diameter• Proportion of earlywood

to latewood

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Frequency of traits in interior Douglas-fir to Ophiostoma

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Correlation between resistance traits for multiple stress agents

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Conclusions• Temperature and moisture most affect survival and wood properties

• Wood density most affected by disease very similar to drought effects

• cavitationdissolved gasses in water reaction to sudden loss of root function?

• Pay attention to wood density with climate change- are we getting more drought prone wood

• Resistance has a cost after infection and tolerance before infection

• Need to be careful about costs

• Resistance and tolerance not correlated- can have one or the other or both

• Selection for best trees against one stress does not correlate well with best trees to other stressors

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Genomics of Western Gall Rust Resistance

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Project Objectives:

(1) Determine genetic basis of western gall rust resistance using association genetics.

(2) Calculate breeding values by conducting genomic selection for western gall rust resistance.

(3) Identify DNA markers that can be used in tree improvement programmes to select for western gall rust resistance.

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Partners:

Deogratias Rweyongeza and Andy BenowiczAlberta Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Management Branch, Alberta

Tree Improvement and Seed Centre

Collaborators:

Rong-Cai Yang, quantitative geneticistUniversity of Alberta

Patrick Lenz, quantitative geneticistCanadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre

Tod Ramsfield and Colin Myrholm, pathologistsCanadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre


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Cooke Lab:

Chandra McAllister, molecular biology and genomics

Kate St. Onge, population and quantitative genomics

Rhiannon Peery, bioinformatics

Michael Mbenoun, pathologist

Marion Mayerhofer, technician

Eden McPeak, undergraduate

Amelia Deneka, undergraduate

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Population genetic analysis of the E. harknessii pathogen reveals two distinct populations

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Population genetic analysis of the E. harknessii pathogen reveals two distinct populations

Western gall rust population structure coincides with

lodgepole pine and jack pine distribution: coevolution

between host and pathogen?

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Lodgepole is more susceptible than jack pine, and species show highest susceptibility to E. harknessii from their native ranges

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Lodgepole is more susceptible than jack pine, and species show highest susceptibility to E. harknessii from their native ranges

More evidence for coevolution

between host & pathogen

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Western gall rust resistance screening of ~2000 lodgepole & hybrid seedlings from 76 half sib families

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Good within-family correlation between disease indices of seedlings and mature trees

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Next steps: Genotyping with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers

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Next steps: Genomic Selection and Association Genetics

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A sustainable, reforestation or restoration plan requires forests to be appropriately matched to future climates.

Our work examines the biophysical and economic potential of alternative seed sources using various approaches/tools (local, Seedwhere, and derived via analyses of genetics trials e.g. URFs-Universal Response Functions)

Partners include: OMNRF, Universities (e.g., Lakehead, University of Guelph), USFS, NGOs (Forests Ontario, Forest Gene Conservation Authority)

Dan McKenney, John Pedlar, Glenn Lawrence, Emily Hope (GLFC)

The Seedwhere CWFC Project: Climate and Economic-smart Forest Regeneration

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Seedwhere– a climate matching tool –

Basic tool produces maps showing climate similarity ranging from 0 – 1 (Gower metric)

Can be used with any number of climate variables

can incorporate climate change (procurement and deployment) under different climate change scenarios

recent work has incorporated a number of improvements into the Seedwhere web application

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Seedwhere Improvements

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Seedwhere Improvements

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Some Results/Activities in FY 2017/18:

Support and capacity building for OMNRF in developing new seed transfer policy (e.g., helped

organize seed transfer workshop); includes customized Seedwhere for internal OMNRF use

Several talks on the subject of climate change, Assisted migration and seed transfer issues

including a CIF lecture

Seedwhere updates, including efforts to get Seedwhere back online under new federal gov’t

cyber rules

New studies of tree performance vs climate –including survival analyses of provenance trials

for 7 species

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Connecting Future Fibre Supply to Genetics, Silviculture and a Changing

Climate!

Thank You!

2017-18 CIF e-Lecture Series“Innovative Solutions to Respond to the Challenge of a Changing Climate”

connecting future fibre supply to genetics ... · 2 connecting future fibre supply to genetics,...

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