CONNECTION SOLUTIONS IN MODERN TIMBER STRUCTURES

Woodworks WebinarJune 14, 2011

J ERIC KARSH P i i lJ ERIC KARSH, PrincipalMEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be

t d t AIA/CES f AIA b C tifi t f C l ti freported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professionalThis program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials methods and services will beQuestions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesAt the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Learn about state-of-the-art timber fabrication and connection technology and how they can be used in actual structures.

2. Learn about sustainability and other advantages of timber as a construction material.

3. Learn how these advantages and the recent changes in the timber industry have impacted the decision to use wood in many public projects large and smallwood in many public projects large and small.

4. See numerous innovative timber project examples.

Renewed use of wood in commercial construction

Renewed interest in timber as an architectural medium Technical advances in materials, fabrication, connections

& fi t ti& fire protection Trends towards sustainable construction Economics (material cost and construction time) Economics (material cost and construction time) Successful out of country examples Political will: Woodworks! and Wood first policiesp

Carbon emissions

Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions

Carbon emissions

Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions

Ti b S t 1 t f b 3Timber: Sequesters 1 ton of carbon per m3

Limitations (perception or reality)

The “Combustibility” prejudice The Combustibility prejudicePerformance based codes

Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisWater and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisEnvelope problem, not a structural problem

Wood un-predictable and weakpEngineered wood productsState-of-the-art connections

Limitations (perception or reality)

The “Combustibility” prejudice The Combustibility prejudicePerformance based codes

Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisWater and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisisEnvelope problem, not a structural problem

Wood un-predictable and weakpEngineered wood productsState-of-the-art connections

1998 5th W ld C f Ti b E i i1998 - 5th World Conference on Timber EngineeringMontreux, Switzerland

Transformative Advances

3D Modelling and CNC Fabrication New Age Connections

3D Modelling + Detailing

CadWork Dietrich

Morges ArenaMorges ArenaSwitzerland

CNC Fabrication

Hundegger K2 Créneau

Number of structural wood frame CNC’s in 1998North America: 2North America: 2 Switzerland: 300

Today, probably about 75 CNC’s in North America.

Hundegger K2

German design 3 Axis Fixed tool head Up to 10” x 14” pieces, 24’ long

F t li bl d i l Fast, reliable and economical The Volkswagen of CNC’s

Créneau

French design 5 axis – 14 tool rack Gantry type Up to 16” x 60” pieces, 100’ long or more

E t l til Extremely versatile Slower and more expensive

ConnectionsConnections

North American connectors Others

North American connectorsNorth American connectors Nails + screws Bolts Bolts Drift Pins Lag screws Lag screws Timber rivets Shear Plates + split rings Truss plates Pre-engineered light gauge metal connectors (Simpson)

ConnectionsConnections

North American connectors Others

OthersOthers Notches (wood-to-wood; Steel-to-wood) Castings Castings Block Gluing Tight-fit pins + bolts Tight fit pins bolts Ring nails Glued-in rods / rebar BVD system by Bertsche WS system by SFS Intec New-age self-tapping screws Sherpa system

HBV system by TiComTec HBV system by TiComTec

O86 – 01 - Clause 3.3.2

O86 – 01 - Clause 3.3.2

First principles: Notches, castings Foreign codes: Block gluing, ring nails, tight-fit bolts + pins Proprietary: Bertsche, SFS – WS, HBV, etc.

Supported by empirical data.

Notches

Used all over the world for centuries Making a comeback due to CNC fabrication Design from first principles

Wood to WoodWood to WoodSingle and Double N t hNotches

Castings

Design from first principle Extremely versatile, elegant, reliable Relatively economical in large numbers Relatively economical in large numbers Susceptible to fire

Block Gluing

Gluing of glue laminated elements to form built-up shapes

Uses low-pressure gluesUses low pressure glues Used to increase the cross section (at

connections or for long unrestrained compression elements)compression elements)

Careful: Low-pressure glues are often soft and susceptible to creep

Avoid in bending membersAvoid in bending members

Tight-fit pins + bolts

Design using European codes, reconciling values for load factors, wood species, etc.

Hole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pinHole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pin Hole in the steel is 0.0 to 1.0 mm larger than the pin. Multiple fastener connections only practical with the use of CNC

fabricationfabrication Reliable, concealed and elegant Can use multiple knife plates

C Can achieve ductile connections with small diameter pins

Why tight fit ?

Ring Nails

Covered in European codes (Swiss) Covered in European codes (Swiss) Similar to timber rivets Some proprietary (Gunnebo – Sweden)p p y ( ) Can be used for ductile connections

Glued-in rods / rebar

Rebar glued into the wood with epoxyRebar glued into the wood with epoxy Popular in Australia and Switzerland, some examples in USA &

Canada Proprietary systems – Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland) Proprietary systems – Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland) Versatile, concealed (fire resistant) Reliable perpendicular to grain (30º or more from grain axis) Less reliable parallel to grain (less than 30º from grain axis) Must use the right resin

BVD System by Bertsche

Proprietary system from Germany Probably the strongest available in tension Reliable, concealed Tight-fit

N t til Not as versatile as some

WS System by SFS Intec Proprietary system from Switzerland

C i t f lf t i ll di t ti ht fit d l t Consists of self-tapping, small diameter tight-fit dowel system Compact, reliable, concealed, elegant Ductile (due to small diameter dowels)

Self-Tapping Screws Proprietary (SFS, GRK, Wurth, Heco, etc)

U t 1/2” di t t 24” l Up to 1/2” diameter, up to 24” long Self-tapping – no pre-drilling Fast and more reliable than North-American lag bolts Elegant, low profile heads

Sherpa Proprietary system from Germany

C i t f l i d t il ti f t d t th ti b Consists of an aluminum dovetail connection fastened to the timber with self-tapping screws

Fast erection Completely invisible

HBV system by TiComTec

Proprietary system from Germany Concrete – wood composite and wood to wood Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin

PROJECT EXAMPLESPROJECT EXAMPLES

Al t B C it C tAlert Bay Community CentreAlert Bay, BC

19981998

Pepperbridge WineryWashington

19991999

Ni l V ll I tit t f T h lNicola Valley Institute of TechnologyPhase I, Merritt, BC

19991999

Driving RangeLangley, BC

20012001

Saulteau Community CentreMoberly Lake , BC

20022002

Skeetchestn SchoolChase, BC

20032003

Prince George Airport Expansion – Phases I & IIPrince George, BC

20032003

Squamish Lil’Wat Cultural Centre Whistler, BC

20032003

Raleigh Durham Airport ExpansionNorth Carolina

20062006

Original Glued-in Rod Tail Connectiong Original King-Post Connection

BVD System by Bertsche

Proprietary system from Germany Proprietary system from Germany One of the strongest in tension Reliable, concealed, Tight-fit (appropriate for moment connections)

Extreme Tension Connection

First People’s HouseUniversity of Victoria

20072007

Marie Victorin Soccer StadiumMontreal, Quebec

20082008

Brace Details

GAPGAP

GAP

Bilder: Equilibrium Consulting Inc.

UBC – Earth Systems Sciences BuildingVancouver

20092009

ART GALLERY OF ONTARIO - Dundas Facade Toronto, Ontario

20062006

Questions?This concludes The American

Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

J ERIC KARSH, PrincipalMEng PEng StructEng MIStructE ingMEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing

Wood Products Council 866.966.3448 info@woodworks.org

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