connection solutions in modern timber structures · 2018-12-17 · connection solutions in modern...

Connection Solutions in Modern Timber Structures

Baltimore, Washington, Raleigh

March 2013

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“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of

the speaker is prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2011

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THIS PROGRAM, PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ABLE TO

1.  Learn about state-of-the-art timber fabrication and

connection technology and how they can be used in

actual structures.

2.  Learn about sustainability and other advantages of

timber as a construction material.

3.  Learn how these advantages and the recent

changes in the timber industry have impacted the

decision to use wood in many public projects large

and small.

4.  See numerous innovative timber project examples.

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1998 5th World Conference on Timber Engineering Montreux — Switzerland

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Morges Arena — Morges, Switzerland


RENEWED USE OF WOOD IN COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

•  Renewed interest in timber as an architectural medium

•  Technical advances in materials, fabrication, connections &

fire protection

•  Trends towards sustainable construction

•  Economics (material cost and construction time)

•  Successful out of country examples

•  Political will: Woodworks! and Wood first policies


TRANSFORMATIVE ADVANCES

•  3D Modeling and CNC Fabrication

•  New Age Connections


3D MODELLING + DETAILING

•  CadWork

•  Dietrich

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CNC FABRICATION

•  Hundegger K2

•  Créneau

•  Number of structural wood frame CNCʼs in 1998

North America: 2

Switzerland: 300

Today, about 75 CNCʼs in North America.


HUNDEGGER K2

•  German design

•  3 axis or 5 axis

•  Fixed tool head

•  Up to 10” x 14” pieces, 24ʼ long

•  Fast, reliable and economical

•  The Volkswagen of CNCʼs

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CRÉNEAU

•  French design

•  5 axis – 14 tool rack

•  Gantry type

•  Up to 16” x 60” pieces, 100ʼ long or more

•  Extremely versatile

•  Slower and more expensive


CONNECTIONS

•  North American connectors

•  Others


NORTH AMERICAN CONNECTORS

•  Nails + screws

•  Bolts

•  Drift Pins

•  Lag screws

•  Timber rivets

•  Shear Plates + split rings

•  Truss plates

•  Pre-engineered light gauge metal connectors (Simpson)


OTHERS

•  Notches (wood-to-wood; Steel-to-wood)

•  Castings

•  Block Gluing

•  Tight-fit pins + bolts

•  Ring nails

•  Glued-in rods / rebar

•  BVD system by Bertsche

•  WS system by SFS Intec

•  New-age self-tapping screws

•  Sherpa system

•  HBV system by TiComTec


086 – 01 – CLAUSE 3.3.2


086 – 01 – CLAUSE 3.3.2


•  First principles: Notches, castings

•  Foreign codes: Block gluing, ring nails, tight-fit bolts + pins

•  Proprietary: Bertsche, SFS – WS, Self-tapping screws, Sherpa, HBV, etc.

Supported by empirical data and local approvals.

NOTCHES

•  Used all over the world for centuries

•  Making a comeback due to CNC fabrication

•  Design from first principles


Wood to Wood Single and Double Notches

CASTINGS

•  Design from first principle

•  Extremely versatile, elegant, reliable

•  Relatively economical in large numbers

•  Susceptible to fire


BLOCK GLUING

•  Gluing of glue laminated elements to form

built-up shapes

•  Uses low-pressure glues

•  Used to increase the cross section (at

connections or for long unrestrained

compression elements)

•  Careful: Low-pressure glues are often soft

and susceptible to creep

Avoid in bending members


TIGHT-FIT PINS + BOLTS

•  Design using European codes, reconciling values for load factors, wood species, etc.

•  Hole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pin

•  Hole in the steel is 0.0 to 1.0 mm larger than the pin.

•  Multiple fastener connections only practical with the use of CNC fabrication

•  Reliable, concealed and elegant

•  Can use multiple knife plates

•  Can achieve ductile connections with small diameter pins


WHY TIGHT FIT?


Unequally loaded bolts in a bolt group.

RING NAILS

•  Covered in European codes (Swiss)

•  Similar to timber rivets

•  Some proprietary (Gunnebo – Sweden)

•  Can be used for ductile connections


GLUED-IN RODS / REBAR

•  Rebar glued into the wood with epoxy

•  Popular in Australia and Europe, some examples in USA & Canada

•  Proprietary systems – Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland)

•  Versatile, concealed (fire resistant)

•  Reliable perpendicular to grain (30º or more from grain axis)

•  Less reliable parallel to grain (less than 30º from grain axis)

•  Must use the right resin


BVD STYSTEM BY BERTSCHE

•  Proprietary system from Germany

•  Probably the strongest available in tension

•  Reliable, concealed

•  Tight-fit

•  Not as versatile as some


WS SYTEM BY SFS INTEC

•  Proprietary system from Switzerland

•  Consists of self-tapping, small diameter tight-fit dowel system

•  Compact, reliable, concealed, elegant

•  Ductile (due to small diameter dowels)


SELF-TAPPING SCREWS

•  Proprietary (SFS, GRK, Wurth, Heco, etc)

•  Up to 1/2” diameter, up to 24” long

•  Self-tapping – no pre-drilling

•  Fast and more reliable than North-American lag bolts

•  Elegant, low profile heads


SHERPA


•  Consists of an aluminum dovetail connection fastened to the timber with self-

tapping screws

•  Fast erection

•  Completely invisible


HBV SYSTEMS BY TiComTec


•  Concrete – wood composite and wood to wood

•  Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin


EVOLUTION

INNOVATION

PROJECT EXAMPLES

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Alert Bay Community Centre — Alert Bay, BC

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Pepperbridge Winery — Washington

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Nicola Valley Institute of Technology — Merritt, CB

Busby and Associates (Perkins+Will)

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Salteau Community Centre — Moberly Lake, BC

Communities + Architecture / Marshall Arts



Doig River Band Community Centre — Rose Prairie, BC

Ib G Hansen Architect



Skeetchestn School — Chase, BC

Ib G. Hansen Architect

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Prince George Airport Expansion Phase I&II — Prince George, BC

McFarlane Green Architects

Phase I

Phase II

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Squamish LilʼWat Cultural Centre — Whistler, BC

Alfred Waugh Architect

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Raleigh Durham Airport – Terminal C Expansion — North Carolina

Fentress Bradburn Architects

Original Glued-in Rod Tail Connection

Original King-Post Connection

BVD STYSTEM BY BERTSCHE


•  Probably the strongest available in tension

•  Reliable, concealed

•  Tight-fit

•  Not as versatile as some


Revised Tail Connection

Revised King-Post Connection

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First Peopleʼs House — University of Victoria, BC


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Marie Victorin Soccer Stadium — Montréal, QC

Nordic Wood Structures

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BRACE DETAILS


GAP

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GAP

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Outma SquilxʼW Cultural School — Penticton, BC

Iredale Group Architecture

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Ecole Mer et Montagne — Campbell River, BC

McFarland Marceau Architects

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OʼSyiam Pavilion — Squamish, BC


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Art Gallery of Ontario– Galleria Italia —

Toronto, ON

Frank Gehry Architect

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QUESTIONS?

This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Course


J Eric Karsh, M.Eng., P.Eng., Struct.Eng., MIStructE, Ing

[email protected]

604 730 1422

Equilibrium Consulting Inc.

202-388 West 8th Avenue, Vancouver BC, Canada

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connection solutions in modern timber structures · 2018-12-17 · connection solutions in modern...

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