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Carpentry & Construction Hornsby Construct ceiling Frames CPCCCA3005A

CERT III, Carpentry & Construction Hornsby TAFE

Construct Ceiling

Frames

Trade Notes



Week 1:

INTRODUCTION TO CEILING FRAMING

The ceiling frame is the horizontal area between the top of walls and the roof, which

is designed to enclose the room by providing a dust barrier, insulation and security.

The frame consists of ceiling joists, ceiling trimmers, hanging beams and counter

beams. This system is designed to tie-in with a conventionally pitched skillion, gable

or hip roof.

Note: The ceiling frame of a trussed roof is made up of the bottom chords of the

individual trusses and does not require additional ceiling joists, hanging beams or

counter beams.



Ceiling joists

These are the horizontal members with ends that rest on top of the wall plates. They carry

the ceiling sheets, and provide a lateral tie between the feet of opposing rafters to form a

strong, coupled frame. They may be nailed or bolted to the rafters.

They are spaced at maximum centres of 450 mm and 600 mm depending on their stress

grade, section size and thickness of ceiling lining being used. They may be joined in length

over a wall or under a hanging beam, where the join can be supported.

Refer to AS 1684 for sizes and stress grades.

Coupled roof Non-coupled roof

Stability under load

Failure under

load

Figure 1: Ceiling Joists

Vertical

Deflection

Ceiling Joists

under load

X1 + X2= Lateral Deflection

X1

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X2

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Ceiling Frame member Identification and terminology.

Ceiling Ties

Ledger

20mm Packer

Counter Beam

Beam

Hanging Beam

Ceiling Trimmer

Beam

Top Plate

Ceiling Joist



Trimmer installed ‘on flat’

to allow rafter later

Ceiling trimmers

These are short lengths of framing material, fixed at right angles between ceiling joists and

at the same spacings as joists. See Figure 3. Normally trimmers are the same material as

ceiling joists.

Ceiling trimmers are· designed to:

Provide fixing for the top internal wall plates

Provide continuous lateral stability for the ceiling frame, in conjunction

with hanging beams.

Provide fixing for the ends of ceiling sheets and cornice.

Hanging Beams

Hanging beams are used to support ceiling joists, generally mid span. Hanging beams

intersect joists mostly at 90°. Metal connectors provide a secure load bearing connection

between a hanging beam and ceiling joist

intersection. Connectors are fixed on alternate

sides of the hanging beam to every second

joist. This technique assists in

preventing the hanging beam from

twisting to one side.



Counter Beams

A counter beam, runs mostly at 90° to the line of hanging beams and underneath the

hanging beam. A counter beam required when the hanging beam's length ‘exceeds’ its

maximum allowable span. The hanging beam sits on a bearing ledger bolted on either side of

the counter beam. See Figure 7.

Student Notes:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………..

Figure 7: Counter beam supporting hanging beams

Counter beam supporting Hanging beam

Hanging beam Hanging beam illustrated as

checked over Counter beam



Technical Information:

Timber Framing Code AS1684.2 Extract 7.2.4 Ceiling joists

7.2.4.1 General

Ceiling joists shall be at spacings to support ceiling linings.

For coupled roofs, ceiling joists shall be in single lengths or spliced in accordance with

Clause 7.2.4.2, and at the same spacing and in the same direction as the main rafters so that

they may be fixed to, and act as ties between, the feet of pairs of opposing rafters.

Intermediate ceiling joists may be required to support ceiling linings. End bearings of joists

shall be the full width of the supporting wall plate except as provided for in Clause 7.2.4.2.



Fixing Requirements for ceiling Frame Members

9.5 NOMINAL FIXINGS (MINIMUM FIXINGS)

Unless otherwise specified, the minimum diameter of machine-driven nails shall be 3.05 mm

for hardwood and cypress and 3.33 mm for softwood framing. Machine-driven nails shall be

plastic polymer (glue) coated or annular or helical deformed shank nails.

Where the nail length is not specified in Table 5.2 or elsewhere, the minimum depth of

penetration into the final receiving member shall be I 0 times the nail diameter where driven

into side grain or 15 times the nail diameter where driven into end grain. Unless otherwise

specified herein, not less than two nails shall be provided at each joint.

Where plain shank hand-driven nails are used in lieu of machine-driven nails, they shall be a

minimum diameter of 3.15 mm for hardwood and cypress and 3.75 mm for softwood and

other low-density timber.

Nails used in joints that are continuously damp or exposed to the weather shall be hot-dip

galvanized, stainless steel or monel metal. The nominal (minimum) fixings for most joints are

given in Table 9.4.

`



Technical Detail cont

7.2.4.2 Splices and joints in coupled roof

Requirements for splices and joints in coupled roof are given in Clause 7.1.2.1.

7.1.2.1 General

Raftered roofs ('pitched' roofs) shall be either coupled or non-coupled (cathedral or skillion)

(see Clause 2.7.4). Where splices in rafters or ceiling joists are necessary, they shall be made

only at points of support. Splices shall be butt-joined with fishplates to both sides with

minimum length six times the joist depth. Fishplates shall be a minimum of 19 mm thick by

the full depth of rafters or ceiling joists. Alternatively, the rafters or ceiling joists may be

lapped over the support for a distance equivalent to at least three times their depth. Lapped

rafters or ceiling joists, or both ends of the butted rafters or ceiling joists to fishplates, shall

be secured with at least six hand-driven nails, or 8/3.05 mm diameter machine-driven nails,

or with an M12 bolt (see Section 9). Engineered nail plated rafters or ceiling joists shall be

spliced and supported in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

7.2.4.3 Connection to hanging beams

Ceiling joists shall be fixed to hanging beams using 35 x 32 mm min. timber cleats, 25 x

1.6 mm galvanized steel strapping, steel ceiling joist hangers or equivalent approved

fasteners. Each alternate connection shall be fixed to opposite sides of the hanging beam

(see Figure 7.3).

Three Alternative methods to secure ceiling joist to hanging beams.

Fig 4: Fixing of joists to hanging beams with metal connectors



7.2.4.4 Trimming around openings

In a joisted ceiling, any opening (manholes, skylights, and similar openings) shall be

trimmed to provide full support for ceiling linings. Where no loads other than normal

ceiling loads will be carried, trimmers shall be as follows:

(a) Openings up to 1000 mm-same size as ceiling joist.

(b) Openings greater than 1000 mm and up to a maximum of 3000 mm-breadth of

(trimmer to be increased by 20% for each 300 mm in length greater than 1000 mm.

Members shall be connected by framing brackets.

Eg: Using 100 x 50 mm Ceiling joists and a opening of 1800mm

Therefore Say 1800 – 1000 = 800

800 ÷ 300 = round up to 3

Therefore 3 lots of (50 mm wide joist)

5

= 3 X 10

= 30

Therefore 50+30 = 80 nearest size for a 100 X 80=100 X 100

(c) Openings greater than 3000 mm-trimmer size as for hanging beams.

7.2.4.5 Platforms in roof spaces

Ceiling joists shall support ceiling loads only. Any platforms constructed in the roof space

above a ceiling for the support of a storage water heater, feed tank, flushing cistern, or

similar members, shall be designed for these loads.



7.2.5 Hanging beams

7.2.5.1 General

Hanging beams shall support ceiling joists and the attached ceiling materials only. Hanging

beams are usually at right angles (or may be angled or placed off centre) to ceiling joists and

are located directly above them (see Figure 7.2). Requirements for beams supporting roof

and ceiling loads are given in Clauses 7.2.7 and 7.2.8.

Where hanging beams are used as lateral binders, the connection to the external

walls shall be equivalent to that shown in Figure 6.1 0.



AS 1684.2 Extract Cont.

7 .2.5.2 End support of hanging beams

Hanging beams shall be held in a vertical position at both ends by nailing or bolting to an

available rafter, gable end struts or by means of angle strutting from internal walls. End-

bearings of hanging beams shall be the full width of the wall plate. Where hanging beams

span 3.0 m or more, they shall be located directly above a stud, or the plates shall be

stiffened (see Figure 6.8). Where the slope of rafters is such that the depth of a hanging

beam has to be reduced by more than two-thirds in order to avoid interference with roof

cladding, provision shall be made for additional support incorporating a jack ceiling joist

(trimmer) as shown in below figure



Alternative support for Gable end roofs

Hanging beam supported using gable

stud



Ceiling Frame Quantities

Calculations exercise No 1:

Calculate the quantities of materials required to construct the Ceiling Frame for

a Flush Gable Roof.



Ceiling Frame Calculation specification.

The ceiling frame is to be suitable for a flush gable roof.

All timber to be MGP 10

Maximum length available 5100.

90 X 45, Ceiling Joists are to be placed flush with the inside face of the external

walls, all others not to exceed 450mm spacing

90 X 45 Ceiling trimmers are to be placed over the internal wall, not exceeding

450 spacing

Hanging beams to support a CLW of 3000

Hanging Beams section sizes

140 X 35 Max span 2200

240 X 45 Max span 4100

Counter beam not required

Materials Rates.

90 X 45 = $3.20/m

140 X35 = $4.20/m

240 X45 = $8.60/m

Ceiling ties & fixings

Allowance of $1.20 each



Use the attached plan and the information above to answer all questions on

the following pages and then complete the cost sheet supplied.

Question 1: Calculate the number of ceiling joists required.

No. of ceiling joists = ( Int Length of building) Rnd up + 1

Joist spacing

No. of ceiling joists =(5.800) 12.89 = 13 + 1 =14 joists

0.450

Question 2: Calculate the orderable length of ceiling Joists required

Orderable length of ceiling joists = The length of the ceiling joist rounded up to

the nearest orderable length, allow for cuts.

Order 90x45 MGP 10 Radiata Pine 14/5100 metre lengths

Question 3: Estimate the total number of ceiling joist trimmers required.

No. of ceiling trimmers = (Int Width of building) Rnd up + 1

Trimmer spacing

No. of trimmers =(4.600)Rnd up + 1= 10.22 =11 + 1

0.450

=12 trimmers

Question 4: Calculate the exact cut length of a ceiling joist trimmer.

Length of ceiling trimmers

= ceiling joist spacing – thickness of ceiling joist

Length of ceiling trimmers = 450mm – 45 mm = 405mm



Question 5: How many EXTRA ceilings joist lengths would be required if the

ceiling joist trimmers were to be cut from the ceiling joist order lengths.

Extra ceiling joists for trimmers

= Length of trimmers x No. of trimmers÷ (CJ Order Length)

= Extra ceiling joists for trimmer 0.405 x 12= 0.953 lengths

5.1

Therefore order 1 extra ceiling joist @ 5.100 metres

Question 6: What section Size and order length of hanging beam is

required for room A1.

Check :Clear Span of Room = 2200 – 100 = 2100

140 X 35 spans 2200 therefore can be used

Hanging beam for room A1 = 1/140 x 35 @ 2.400 metres long

Question 7: What section Size and order length of hanging beam is

required for room A2.

Check:Clear Span of Room = 6000–(2200 +100+100)

= 3600mm

Therefore 240 x 45 spans 4100 can be used.

Hanging beam for room A2 = 1/240 x 45 @ 3.900 metres long

Question 8: How many ceiling ties would be required?

No. of Ceiling ties required = 1 tie per ceiling joist/ per hanging beam

Therefore 14 ceiling ties



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Calculations exercise No 2: Using the following plan and specification calculate the quantities and costing of materials

required to construct the Ceiling Frame for a Flush Gable Roof.




The ceiling frame is to be suitable for a flush gable roof.



90 X 45, Ceiling Joists are to be placed flush with the inside face of the external walls, all

others not to exceed 600mm spacing’s

90 X 45 Ceiling trimmers are to be placed over the internal wall, not exceeding 600 spacing’s



140 X 35 Max span 2200

290 X 45 Max span 4500


Materials Rates.

90 X 45 = $3.20/m

140 X35 = $4.20/m

290 X45 = $9.60/m



Use the attached plan and the information above to answer all questions on the following

pages and then complete the cost sheet supplied



Question 5: How many EXTRA ceilings joist lengths would be required if the ceiling joist

trimmers were to be cut from the ceiling joist order lengths.

Question 6: What section Size and order length of hanging beam is required for room A1.





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Week 2

Technical Information cont

7.2.6 Counter beams

7.2.6.1 General

Counter beams may be provided to support hanging beams (see Figures 7.2 and 7.4). End

support of counter beams shall be similar to that for hanging beams (see Clause 7.2.5.2).

Where roof loads are required to be supported on counter beams, they shall be designed as

combined strutting/counter beams (see Clause 7.2.8).

7.2.6.2 Intersection of hanging and counter beams

At intersections of hanging and counter beams, the hanging beam may be checked out over

the counter beam, or butted up to the counter beam. The hanging beams shall be supported

by 45 x 42 mm minimum ledgers fixed at each side of the counter beam with 5/3.05 mm

diameter nails or 2/No. 14 Type 17 screws, or by other proprietary connectors such as joist

hangers (see Figure 7.4).



Hanging beam

Figure 8: Fixing of hanging beam onto a plate

Counter

beam



Ceiling Joist placement and joining requirements Placement and positioning ceiling joists may require joining of ceiling joists. Below are

alternative methods of joining ceiling joists, over internal walls or points of support.

Lapping Ceiling Joist over

support wall



Alternative methods of Lapping or splicing Joints in Ceiling Joists



Drawing Exercise Detail ( Note:Portrait View)

Students to complete scaled drawing on A3

Birdsmouth

Drawing roof hanging beam detail scale 1:5

450

Note: 30mm

depth only

required

10mm



Ceiling Framing and Hip Roofing

The Introduction to Hip Roof and Ceiling Joists. Below is a diagram of a basic hip roof, the

position of ceiling Joists in a hip roof is critical and depends on the location of the roof

members illustrated below.

Plan View

Legend

1. Top Plate

2. Ridge

3. Centering Rafter

4. Crown End

5. Hip Rafter

6. Common Rafters

7. Creeper Rafters

8. Under purlin



Setting out position of Ceiling Joists for a Hip Roof When setting out for hip roofs, a number of calculations and measurements are required

first. Below sets out the process in marking out the top plates for the ceiling joists correctly.

Top Plates

Step 1 Determine the roof span and measure out from the comers marked "A" the distance

A-X This represents half span. Mark these positions on the top plates.

Step 2 Mark out the thickness of the. Crown end rafters and centering rafters. These are

located centrally over the half span "X" lines.

See fig 9·

Step 3 From these positions commence setting out rafter spacing’s towards the building

corners. Do not be concerned if the end spacing is shorter.

Step 4 Common rafter positions along the ridge board can be equally spaced but do not

exceed the maximum spacing specified in the plans.

Step 5 Mark the positions for the ceiling joists and ceiling trimmers by placing a J or T next to

each rafter.

Ridge To mark rafter positions on the ridge, lay the ridge across the ceiling joists or top

plates and transfer the applicable rafter positions directly across, Square these marks onto

both sides of the ridge.

Calculations

Ridge length Calculations

1. Centre line length of ridge = Length of building- Width of building

2. Cut length of ridge = (Length of building- Width of building) + Rafter thickness



Hip Roof Set Out

FIG 9: Set out crown end rafters and centring rafters first. These are all measured half span

from the comers.

NOTE:

Ridge length Calculations

1. Centre line length of ridge = Length of building- Width of building

2. Cut length of ridge = (Length of building- Width of building) + Rafter thickness



Marking out the wall plates to show the correct position of all rafters and ceiling frame

members to suit a hip roof pitched at 25 degrees.

Specification: Legend:

100 X 50 Rafters at 600centres CR = Centring Rafter

100 X 50 Ceiling Joists at 600 centres CE = Crown End

100 X 50 Ceiling Trimmers at 600 centres. R = Rafters

J = Ceiling Joists

SCALE 1:20 T = Ceiling Joist Trimmers

R T



400 tres

40 centres

Class exercise 2: Students to mark out the wall plates to show the correct position of all

rafters and ceiling frame members to suit a hip roof pitched at 25 degrees.

Specification: Legend:

100 X 50 Rafters at 400centres CR = Centring Rafter

100 X 50 Ceiling Joists at 400 centres CE = Crown End

100 X 50 Ceiling Trimmers at 400 centres. R = Rafters

J = Ceiling Joists

SCALE 1:20 T = Ceiling Joist Trimmers

Calculation exercise No 3:





Using the following plan and specification calculate the quantities and costing of materials

required to construct the Ceiling Frame for a Hip Roof.




The ceiling frame is to be suitable for a Hip roof.



90 X 45, Ceiling Joists not to exceed 600mm spacings

Note: No flush Joist (Formula change)

90 X 45 Ceiling trimmers are to be placed over the walls as required, not exceeding 600

spacing’s



140 X 35 Max span 2200

240 X 45 Max span 4100


Materials Rates.

90 X 45 = $3.20/m

140 X35 = $4.20/m

240 X45 = $8.60/m




pages and then complete the cost sheet supplied.





Question 6: What section Size and order length of hanging beam is required for room

A1.


A2.




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Week 3:



Calculate the quantities of materials required to construct the Ceiling Frame for a Hip Roof.




The ceiling frame is to be suitable for a Hip Roof.



90 X 45, Ceiling Joists are not to exceed 600mm spacing.

90 X 45 Ceiling trimmers are to be placed over the internal wall, not exceeding 600 spacing

90 X 45 Max Single span between supports. 2400

Allow extra 100mm on each joist where joists are lapped.



240 X 45 Max span 4900

290 X 45 Max span 5200


Materials Rates.

90 X 45 = $4.00/m

120 X35 = $5.00/m

240 X45 = $10.00/m

290 x45 = $12.00/m






pages and then complete the cost sheet supplied.









Extra working Space.



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Understanding Basic Principals of the Span Tables

Additional Span Table Information

Determining which section size of Ceiling Joists, Hanging beam and Counter beams requires

an understanding of the specifications, span tables, and the load requirements placed on

individual members. To determine which Hanging Beam should be used the CLW needs to be

calculated. The Ceiling Load width (CLW) is the width of ceiling that contributes ceiling load

to a supporting member. (It is usually measured horizontally).

CLW = X ÷2

CLW is used as an input to span tables for

Hanging beams, and

Strutting beams/ hanging beams



Timber Framing Code Span Tables



Using the span tables determine the minimum section size which may be used for the ceiling

joists in the following examples. Leave grey areas blank.

TIMBER GRADE SINGLE SPAN

(Max CJ Span)

CONTINOUS

SPAN

(Max CJ Span)

JOIST SPACINGS SECTION SIZE

MGP10 3200 600 120 x 45

MGP12 2500 450 90 x 35

MGP12 2400 600 90 x 45

MGP10 2000 450 90 x 35

MGP12 2800 600 90 x 45

MGP10 2400 600 120 x 35

MGP10 3800 450 140 x 45

MGP12 3000 600 120 x 35

MGP10 2800 450 120 x 35

SEAS SW F7 3600 450 150 x 50

SEAS SW F7 2600 600 125 x 38

SEAS SW F7 2000 600 100 x 38

SEAS SW F7 2300 450 10 50



Week4:

Another type of ceiling that can be used in both residential and commercial projects is

known as a suspended ceiling, these can be constructed in a conventional method using

timber or by using a metal frame system eg Rondo system.

When determining what system would suit an understanding of loads requirements will

need to be determined, in addition ceiling joist or framework spacing and finish to ceiling

lining is required. Set out below is an example of standard lining material and required

support spacings, used in residential construction. For ceiling Joist spaced at 450 or 600

spacing’s include.

10 mm Plasterboard, Joists at 450mm centres

13mm Plasterboard at 600mm centres

10mm Reinforced Plasterboard at 600mm centres

4.5mm Fibre Cement (Hardiflex) at 600mm centres

6.5mm Fibre Cement (Villaboard) at 600 centres

140 x 12 mm Vjoint T&G Pine at 600 centres

The section size of ceiling joists can be determined from the correct 1684.2 Span table. The

span tables are designed allowing for conventional ceiling lining eg.1 layer 13mm

plasterboard. Large section sizes will be required for different ceiling loadings eg. Fire rating.

Technical Information AS168.24.2



Fire Rating Ceiling Systems Ceilings that are to be installed in areas that have potential fire threats for occupants, may

need to meet what is known as a fire resistance levels:

Fire Resistance is the ability of a building component to resist a fully developed

fire, while still performing its structural function. Fire resistance levels (FRL) are assigned

as performance criteria, in minutes, for structural adequacy, integrity and insulation. This important

parameter is defined by three numbers, e.g. 30/30/30 for which the:

first number relates to structural stability, i.e. the time to elapse before collapse;

second number is an integrity requirement, i.e. flames must not pass through the component for this

number of minutes;

third number is an insulation value, i.e. limits heat transfer through the component.

The examples below set out requirements for fire rating ceilings. There is more than 1 layer

of plasterboard, so consideration needs to be taken when selecting framework to use.

Information supplied from Boral Product Guide

Plasterboard Application for Systems using 1, 2 or 3 Layers of Plasterboard.

1. Fix Boral Firestop Plasterboard across the Furring Channel, Timber or Steel framing.

2. Butt (end) joints on the first layer (uppermost sheet) not formed on framing members should be back-

blocked as described under "Back-blocking".

3. The first layer (uppermost) of Firestop plasterboard sheets are fastened at 200mm max. centres in the field

of board and at 150mm max. centres on ends and edges (staggered).

4. Additional layers of Firestop plasterboard sheets are fixed in the same manner as the first layer but with

joints staggered between layers min. 200mm.

5. Additional layer butt joints not formed on a framing member are screw laminated to the previous layer at

200mm max. centres.

6. Tape and finish face sheet with preferred Boral Plasterboard jointing system.



Small Cottage Quantities Calculations

Students to complete the Quantities for the cottage and upload into test and Quiz’s on completion of

the module.

Class Exercise

Step1.

Ceiling Joist set out and Hanging Beam Positioning Detail

Using the following Plan and Span Tables set out and mark suitable location of Ceiling Joists

to suit. Then calculate and identify the most suitable section size material required for the

job.

Specification

Rafter/ Trimmer Spacings @ 600centres

Hanging Beam CLW = 2800

Allow for 10mm Gyprock Ceiling.

Step 2.

Take off quantities to construct the ceiling frame, Calculate the quantity of Ceiling Joists ,

Trimmers, Hanging beams etc. Complete questions In Tasks & Quiz.



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Small cottage: Calculations assessment sheet Workings


C.Js Bedroom + Living Rm = 7020 ÷ 600 Rnd up – 1

= 11.7 Rnd up -1

=11 Joists

Bathroom Area

3710 ÷ 600 Rnd up – 1

= 6.183 Rnd up -1

= 6


CJ Order

= 90 X 35 MGP10 11/ 6300, 6/3900


Trimmers = Internal Wall length ÷ Spacing Rnd up + 1 X walls

= 6020÷ 600 rnd up + 1 X 3 Walls = 36

= 3420 ÷ 600 Rnd up + 1 x 1 = 7

Total Trimmers = 36 +7 = 43


Spacing – Thickness = 600 – 35 =565



Total trimmers X Cut Length

CJ order length

= 43 X 565

6300

= 4 Lengths @ 6300



Question 6: What section Size and order length of hanging beam is required for room Living

Rm.

Step 1. Check CLW = 6020 ÷ 3 = 2007

Step 2. Select section Size CLW = 2400/ Span (3510) = 170 X 45 MGP10

Step 3. Calc order length = 90 + 3510+90= 3690

Order 170 x 45 MGP10 2/3900


Bedroom.

Step 1. Check CLW = 6020 ÷ 3 = 2007

Step 2. Select section Size CLW=2400/ Span(3420) = 170 X 35 MGP10


Order 170 x 35 MGP10 2/3900


Bathroom.

Step 1. Check CLW = 3420 ÷ 2 = 1710

Step 2. Select section Size CLW=1800 Span(3710)= 170 X 35 MGP10


Order 170 x 35 MGP10 1/3900


Number of ties = Number of CJs X Hang Beams

Living / Bedroom = 11 Joists X 2 = 22

Bathroom = 6 Joists

Total = 28 Ties

construct ceiling frames cpccca3005a€¦ · use the attached plan and the information above to...

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