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Contemporary Pa-erns of School Segrega5on in the Richmond
Metro Area
Genevieve Siegel-‐Hawley Virginia Commonwealth University
William Fox, then and now
35%
65%
1987 White Black
43%
54%
3%
1992 White Black Other
62%
30%
4% 3% 1%
2010 White Black La5no Asian Other
Big takeaways 1. Region’s enrollment has become
mul5racial 2. High propor5ons of black (and
increasingly La5no) students con5nue to a-end schools that are segregated by both race and poverty
3. School segrega5on rising within districts, even as segrega5on between districts remains high
Enrollment by Race, Richmond-‐Petersburg
60%
37%
2% 1%
1989-‐1990
51% 37%
3% 6% 3%
2010-‐2011
White
Black
Asian
La5no
Two or More
Black Students in Segregated Minority Schools, Richmond-‐Petersburg
37.5 48.3
35.6
11.4
6.1
8.0
1989-‐1990 1999-‐2000 2010-‐2011
90-‐100% Minority School 99-‐100% Minority School
La5no Students in Segregated Minority Schools, Richmond-‐Petersburg
4.9
13.5 13.5 1.4
0.3 0.5
1989-‐1990 1999-‐2000 2010-‐2011
90-‐100% Minority School 99-‐100% Minority School
School racial isola5on overlaps with concentrated poverty
• In 2010, 75% of students in the region’s intensely segregated minority schools qualified for free and reduced priced lunch.
• Fully 85% of students did so in apartheid school se`ngs.
FENCES BETWEEN AND WITHIN SCHOOL DIVISIONS
“We deal here with the right of all of our children, whatever their race, to an equal start in life and to an
equal opportunity to reach their full poten5al as ci5zens. Those children who have been denied that right in the past deserve be>er than to see fences thrown up to deny them that right in the future.” -‐-‐Jus5ce Thurgood Marshall, Milliken, 1974
Within vs. Between District Segrega5on
72%
28%
1989
Between Districts Within Districts
54%
46%
2010
WITHIN DISTRICTS
Black-‐White School Dissimilarity Index, Richmond, Henrico, Chesterfield
0.46 0.49
0.59 0.52 0.59 0.61
0.37 0.38 0.38
1992 1999 2008
Richmond City Henrico County Chesterfield County
Percentage of White Henrico 9-‐12th graders residing in original, proposed and final high school a-endance boundaries
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Deep Run Freeman Godwin Glen Allen Henrico Hermitage Highland Springs
Tucker Varina
Original Op5on A Op5on C Op5on D Final Source: ACS, 2006-‐2010
BETWEEN DISTRICTS Richmond, Chesterfield and Henrico, 1992-‐2008
Urban/Suburban Enrollment by Race, Richmond-‐Petersburg, 1989-‐2010
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
White Black Asian LaRno White Black Asian LaRno
Urban Schools Suburban Schools
1989-‐1990
1999-‐2000
2010-‐2011
According to the Brookings Ins5tu5on, the Richmond region reports 5 of the top 20 fastest growing exurbs in terms of the white popula5on. New Kent, Louisa, Caroline, Goochland and Powhatan coun5es were included on the list.
A REGIONAL COMPARISON
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
1990 2000 2010
White-‐Black/Black-‐White
Richmond Metro
Schools
Block Groups
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
1990 2000 2010
White-‐Black/Black-‐White
Dissim
ilarity Inde
x
Louisville-‐Jefferson County
School and residen5al segrega5on
Source: NCES’ CCD, 1992-‐1993, 1999-‐2000, 2008-‐2009; U.S. Census SF3, 1990, 2000, 2010