copy of philosophical foundation of education (1)

7/26/2019 Copy of Philosophical Foundation of Education (1)

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Philosophical Foundations

of Education

Janeth G. Concepcion

Joy R. Tolosa


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Activity

Given the following

situation/instances, as ateacher, which do you prefer

or focus more? Write the

letter of your choice.


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Set I:

5 items


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A B

1. The teachers

decided what is

most important forthe students to

learn and place

little emphasis on

students interest.

1. The teachers

help students

define their ownessence and they

are given a wide

variety of options

from whish/what

subject matter to

choose.


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A B

2. more on

academiccontent of

education

2. more on

vocationalcourses of

education


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A B

3. The teachers

focus heavily on

studentsachievement test

scores, longer

school day, more

challenging books,

more core

requirement

3. The teachers

focus/encourage

individualscreativity,

potentials and

imagination


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A B

4. Teachers

should instill the

traditional

approach to

education

4. Teachers

show a strong

rejection of the

traditional

approach to

education


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A B

5. Math and

Natural Sciences

5. Humanities,

Philosophy and

arts for

aesthetics

expression


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Set 2:

5 items


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A B1. Education

develops the

individualspiritually, mentally

and morally.

1. Provide an

education that

could produceindividuals who can

meet their principal

needs and give

direction toindividuals basic

potentialities and

talents.

Aims of Education


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A B2. Philosophy,

Theology, Values

Education,Christian Living,

GMRC (essential for

mental, moral and

spiritualdevelopment)

2. Natural

Sciences, Social

Sciences, Poetry( acquisition of

research skills,

library skills,

critical thinkingskills,

application of

principles

Curriculum


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A B3. meditation,

reading,

question and

discussion

3. scientific

methods

Methods of Teaching


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A B4. chief source

of inspiration,

knowledge and

information

4. develop

initiative

and ability

to control

theirexperiences

Role of Teachers


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A B5. develops

moral

character of a

person

5. develops

concepts

and

principles

throughscientific

methods

Role of School


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Common sense

Science

Philosophy

Three Levels of Knowledge natural to man:


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Philosophy

philo

friend of or

love of

sophia

- wisdom


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Etymology

- The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and

"philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek

thinker Pythagoras.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras


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- The ascription is said to be based ona passage in a lost work of

Herakleides Pontikos, a discipleof Aristotle.


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- "Philosopher" was understood as

a word which contrasted with"sophist" (from sophoi).

- Traveling sophists or "wise men"were important in Classical

Greece, often earning money as

teachers, whereas philosophersare "lovers of wisdom" and not

professionals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophist


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Other Definitions of Philosophy

It is the science that seeks to

organize and systematize all fields

of knowledge as a means ofunderstanding and interpreting

the totality of reality.

Good


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It is the attempt to give a

reasoned conception ofthe universe and of mans

place in it.

Montagne


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A complete philosophy includes a

world view or reasoned

conception of the whole cosmos,or a life-view or doctrine of

values, meanings and purposes of

human life.

Leighton


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It is a search for a comprehensive

view of nature, an attempt at auniversal explanation of the

nature of things.

Weber


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Summing up, philosophyis asystematic and logical

explanation of the nature,

existence, purposes and

relationships of things, including

human beings, in the universe.


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Main Branches of Philosophy

Metaphysics

- origin and

essence of things

Epistemology

- deals withknowledge and with

ways of thinking

Axiology

-Ethics andAesthetics

Logic

- systematictreatment of therelation of ideas


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What is Educational Philosophy?

- is a branch of general philosophy

and is concerned with theinterpretation of education in

relation to general philosophy.


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Functions of Educational Philosophy

1. It focuses the attention of teachers andlaymen alike on the values and objectiveswhich the school should aim to achieve.

2. It provides a basis for criticism of the

school system and of the educationalprocess.


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Functions of Educational Philosophy

3. It sets the procedure to be followed in thereconstruction of the educational program.

4. It helps the educator to organize andanalyze educational objectives.


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1. Provides the teacher with a basis formaking his decisions concerning his work.

Importance of Philosophy of Education

to Teachers

2. Helps the teacher to develop a wide rangeof interests, attitudes and values concomitantto his professional life as a teacher.


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3. Makes the teacher more aware of his ownlife and work and makes him more dynamic,

discriminating, critical and mentally alert.

Importance of Philosophy of Education

to Teachers

4. Philosophy of education saves time,money and effort.


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Oriental/Eastern Philosophies

Philosophy Origin Philosophies

Confucianism Confucius,

China

The Golden

Rule

Taoism China Harmonywith Nature

Buddhism Buddha,

Japan

Enlightenmen

t throughMeditation

Shintoism Shotoku,

Japan

Behaves in the

Kami No Michi


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Oriental/Eastern Philosophies

Philosophy Origin Philosophies

Hinduism India Dharma

ModernHinduism

Gandhi andTagore

Ahimsa

Buddhism Siddharta

Gautama,India

Eightfold path

Islam Mohammed One God,

Polygamy


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Filipino Philosophies

Philosopher PhilosophyJose Rizal His Educational Legacy for Todays Society

Education is indispensable to the task of nation

building and must occupy a top priority.

Without education and liberty no reform is

possible.Beside the duty of man to seek his own

perfection, thereis the desire innate in man to

cultivate his intellect.

Apolinario Mabini Individuals must develop his faculties of the

intellect and the will, to master his talentscontribute to the cause of justice and ommon good

human progress.


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Educational Philosophies

1. Idealism

2. Realism

3. Pragmatism

4. Essentialism

5. Progressivism6. Reconstructionism

7. Existentialism


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1. Idealism

- is a term with several

related meanings. Itcomes via ideafrom theGreek idein(),

meaning "to see". Theterm entered the Englishlanguage by 1796.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea


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Examples of Idealism:

Utopia- ThomasMore

Cultural Revolution-Maoism

Marxism


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Examples of Idealism:

Leninism

Socialism


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Thinkers

Plato Socrates

Rene Descartes


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Assumptions

- Emphasize the importance of mind,

soul and spirit.- Believes in refined wisdom. Based on

the view that reality is a world within

a persons mind.


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- Schools exist to sharpen the mind and

intellectual processes.- One of the oldest school of thoughts

with its origin traced back to Platos

ideas.


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Role of Teachers

- Transmitter of knowledge

- Chief source of inspiration,

knowledge and information

- Creator of educationalenvironment (teacher-

centered).

- Excellent mentally, morally andspiritually

- A reserved person/conversant


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Models/Strategies

- Lecture-DiscussionMethod

- Excursion

- Question Method

- Project Method

- Informal Dialectic- Meditation

- Reading


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Educational Aim

-To develop theindividual

spiritually, mentally, and

morally.

- Education develops the

individual spiritually,

mentally and morally


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Curriculum Emphasis

Subject Matter of mind:

- literature

- history

- philosophy- mathematics

-arts

-Christian Living-Values Education

-GMRC


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Role of School

- A thinking institution

- Promotes high cognitive

level of education

- Promotes cultural learning- Develops moral character

of a person


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Realism

AristotleHarris Broudy

John Comenius


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John Locke

Johann Henrich Pestalozzi

Jean Jacques Roseau


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Assumptions

- Reality is what weobserve.

- Experience exists

only in the physicalworld.

- Mind is like a mirror

receiving images onlyfrom the physicalworld.


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Role of Teachers

- Help develop initiative

and ability to control

experiences.

- Help realize that they canenter into the meaning

of their experiences

- The students would betaught factual

information for mastery.


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Models/Strategies

- The use of ScientificMethods

- Defining the problem

- Observing factors related

to problem

- Hypothesizing- Testing the hypothesis

Educational Aim


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Educational Aim

- Gives direction and form to

individuals basicpotentialities.

- Determines the direction of

the individuals inheritedtendencies.

- Provide an education that

could produce a good

individual and a good society

by meeting 4 principal needs

of an individual.


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1. Aptitude needs

2. Self-determination needs3. Self-realization needs.

4. Self-integration needs

4 principal needs of an individual

Curriculum Emphasis


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Curriculum Emphasis

- Study habits

- Research skills

- Library skills- Evaluation

- Observation

- Experimentation-Analytical and criticalthinking

-Natural science

-Literature-Poetry

-Natural science

-Social Science


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Role of School

Further develops discipline

Utilizes pupil activity through instruction

Regards the pupils as more superior thanother objects

Develops concepts and principles

through scientific methods


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Pragmatism/Experimentalism

Thinkers

John DeweyCharles Sanders Peirce


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Pragmatism

William James

Richard Rorty

Assumptions


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Assumptions

- Conservative philosophy

- Primarily an Americanphilosophy.

- Focuses on reflectivethinking. The knowledge

process, the relationshipof ideas into action.

- Encourages people to findprocesses that work in

order to attain desiredgoals.

- Makes use of experienceas a source of knowledge

Role of Teachers


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Role of Teachers

- Keeps order in the

class

- Facilitates group

work

- Encourages and

offers suggestions,

questions and helpin planning

- Curriculum planner.

Models/Strategies


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Models/Strategies

Experimental

MethodsStatement of the

problemHypothesizing

Investigating or

data gatheringTesting hypothesis


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Forming

conclusionsCreative and

constructive

projectsField trips

Laboratory work

Activity-centered

Student-centeredactivities


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Curriculum Emphasis


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Curriculum Emphasis

- Creation of new social

order

- Integrated and based on

the problem of society

(NCBTS based).

- Subjects are

interdisciplinary.- Combined academic and

vocational disciplines.


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Role of School

A miniature society

Gives child balance and genuine experience in

preparation for democratic living

A place where ideas are tested, implemented

and restructured

An agency for transmitting heritage

A specialized environmentalist established to

enculturate the young people.


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Essentialism

Educational essentialism is aneducational philosophy whoseadherents believe that childrenshould learn the traditional

basic subjects and that theseshould be learned thoroughlyand rigorously. An essentialistprogram normally teacheschildren progressively, fromless complex skills to morecomplex.

Thi k


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Thinkers

Karl Popper Plato

John Stuart Mill William Bagley


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Role of Teachers

- Base the lesson tothe book.

- Prepare well-

organized lesson toprove that he is an

authority ofinstruction.


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Educational Aim

- Provide sound

training of the

fundamental skills.- Develop individual

to perform justly,skillfully and

magnanimously.


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Progressivism

Educational progressivism isthe belief that educationmust be based on theprinciple that humansare social animalswho learnbest in real-life activities withother people.Progressivists,like proponents of mosteducational theories, claimto rely on the best availablescientific theories of learning

Most progressive educators
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_animalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_animalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_animals


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Most progressive educatorsbelieve that children learnas if they were scientists,following a process similarto John Dewey's model oflearning: 1) Become aware

of the problem. 2) Definethe problem. 3) Proposehypotheses to solve it. 4)

Evaluate the consequencesof the hypotheses fromone's past experience. 5)Test the likeliest solution.


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Assumptions

Exactly opposite of perennialism.

Assumes that the world changes. Learner must be taught to be

independent, self-reliant thinker,learn to discipline himself, beresponsible for the consequences of

his actions. Emphasize on the concept of

progress which asserts that humanbeings are capable of improving andperfecting their environment.

Curriculum must be derived fromthe needs and interests of thestudents.


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Educational Aim

-To provide the learner

the necessary skills tobe able to interact with

his ever changing

environment.


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R t ti i


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Reconstructionism

Thinkers

Theodore Brameld

George Sylvester Counts

R t ti i


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Reconstructionism

Thinkers

Ivan IllichPaulo Reglus Neves Freire


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Role of Teachers


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Role of Teachers

- Lead the learners in designing

programs for social,educational, practical andeconomic change.

- Primary agent of social change.

- Initiates lively discussions oncontroversial issues, politicaland educational.

- Enables the learners tocritically examine theircultural heritage.


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Curriculum Emphasis

- Stresses learning that enable theindividual to live in a globalmilieu.

- Controversial national and

international issues.- Emphasis on social sciences and

social research methods;examination of social, economicand political problems.

- Focused on present and futuretrends.


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Existentialism


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Existentialism

Soren Aabye Kierkegaard

Jean-Paul Sartre

Thinkers

Existentialism


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Existentialism

- strong rejection of the traditional, essentialist

approach to education

- Vocational education is needed more as

means of teaching students about themselves


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Models/Strategies

- Inquiry Approach

- Question-Answer Method


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Curriculum Emphasis

- Subject-centered.

- Arts for aesthetic

expression

- Humanities for ethical

values.- Philosophy


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References


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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism

http://saicebrian.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/

philosophical-foundation-of-education/


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