Copyright symbol 1

Copyright symbol

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© Copyright symbol Punctuationapostrophe ( ’ ' ) brackets ( [ ], ( ), { }, ⟨ ⟩ ) Colon (punctuation)colon ( : ) comma ( , ، 、 ) dash ( ‒, –, —, ― ) ellipsis ( …, ..., . . . ) exclamation mark ( ! ) Full stopfull stop / period ( . ) hyphen ( ‐ ) hyphen-minus ( - ) question mark ( ? ) quotation marks ( ‘ ’, “ ”, ' ', " " ) semicolon ( ; ) Slash (punctuation)slash / stroke / solidus ( /,  ⁄  ) Word dividers interpunct ( · ) Space (punctuation)space ( ) ( ) ( ) General typographyampersand ( & ) asterisk ( * ) at sign ( @ ) backslash ( \ ) Bullet (typography)bullet ( • ) caret ( ^ ) Dagger (typography)dagger ( †, ‡ ) Degree symboldegree ( ° ) ditto mark ( ″ ) Inverted question and exclamation marksinverted exclamation mark ( ¡ ) Inverted question and exclamation marksinverted question mark ( ¿ ) number signnumber sign / pound / hash ( # ) numero sign ( № ) obelus ( ÷ ) ordinal indicator ( º, ª ) Percent signpercent, per mil ( %, ‰ ) Plus and minus signsplus and minus ( + − ) basis point ( ‱ ) pilcrow ( ¶ ) Prime (symbol)prime ( ′, ″, ‴ ) section sign ( § ) tilde ( ~ ) Underscoreunderscore / understrike ( _ ) Vertical barvertical bar / broken bar / pipe ( ¦, | ) Intellectual propertycopyright symbol ( © ) registered trademark symbolregistered trademark ( ® ) Service mark symbolservice mark ( ℠ ) sound recording copyright symbolsound recording copyright ( ℗ ) Trademark symboltrademark ( ™ ) Currency Currency (typography)currency (generic) ( ¤ ) Currency signcurrency (specific) ( Argentine austral₳ Thai baht฿ Ghana cedi₵ Cent (currency)¢ Costa Rican colón₡ Brazilian cruzeiro₢ European Currency Unit₠ Dollar sign$ Vietnamese dong₫ Bangladeshi_taka৳ Greek drachma₯ Euro sign€ Florin signƒ French franc₣ Paraguayan guaraní₲ Hryvnia sign₴ Lao kip₭ Turkish lira sign₺ German gold markℳ Mill (currency)₥ Nigerian naira₦ Spanish peseta₧ Philippine peso sign₱ Pfennig₰ Pound sign£ Indian rupee sign₹ Rupee sign₨ Shekel sign₪ Kazakhstani tenge₸ Mongolian tögrög₮ Won sign₩ ¥ Cambodian riel៛ ) Uncommon typographyAsterism (typography)asterism ( ⁂ ) Fleuron (typography)hedera ( ❧ ) Index (typography)index / fist ( ☞ ) interrobang ( ‽ ) irony punctuation ( ⸮ ) lozenge ( ◊ ) reference mark ( ※ ) Tie (typography)tie ( ⁀ ) Related diacriticdiacritical marksList of logic symbolslogic symbolswhitespace characters Non-English usage of quotation marksnon-English quotation style ( « », „ ” ) In other scripts Chinese punctuationHebrew punctuationJapanese punctuationKorean punctuation Wikipedia book Book Category Category Portal Portal The copyright symbol, or copyright sign, designated by © (a circled capital letter "C"), is the symbol used in copyright notices for works other than sound recordings (which are indicated with the Sound recording copyright symbol℗ symbol). The use of the symbol is described in United States copyright law,17 U.S.C. and, internationally, by the Universal Copyright Convention.Universal Copyright Convention, Article III, §1. (Paris text, July 24, 1971.) The C stands for copyright.HistoryA copyright notice was first required in the U.S. by the Copyright Act of 1802. It was lengthy: "Entered according to act of Congress, in the year         , by A. B., in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington." In general, this notice had to appear on the copyrighted work itself, but in the case of a "work of the fine arts", such as a painting, it could instead be inscribed "on the face of the substance on which [the work of art] shall be mounted".Copyright Act of 1870, §97. The Copyright Act was amended in 1874 to allow a much shortened notice: "Copyright, 18        , by A. B."1874 Amendment to the Copyright Act of 1870, §1.The copyright symbol © was introduced in the United States Copyright Act of 1909, section 18.Copyright Act of 1909, §18.The Copyright Act of 1909 was meant to be a complete rewrite and overhaul of existing copyright law. As originally proposed in the draft of the bill, copyright protection required putting the word "copyright" or a sanctioned abbreviation on the work of art itself, also for paintings, the argument being that the frame was detachable. In conference sessions among

Copyright symbol 2

copyright stakeholders on the proposed bill, conducted in 1905 and 1906, representatives of artist organizationsobjected to this requirement, wishing to put no more on the work itself than the artist's name. As a compromise, thepossibility was created to add a relatively unintrusive mark, the capital letter C within a circle, to appear on the workitself next to the artist's name, indicating the existence of a more elaborate copyright notice elsewhere that was stillto be allowed to be placed on the mounting. Indeed, the version of the bill that was submitted to Congress in 1906,compiled by the Copyright Commission under the direction of the Librarian of Congress, Herbert Putnam, containeda provision that a special copyright symbol, the letter C inclosed within a circle, could be used instead of the word"copyright" or the abbreviation "copr.", but only for a limited category of copyrightable works, including works ofart but not ordinary books or periodicals. The formulation of the 1909 Act was left unchanged when it wasincorporated in 1946 as title 17 of the United States Code; when that title was amended in 1954, the symbol © wasallowed as an alternative to "Copyright" or "Copr." in all copyright notices.Act of CongressPublic Law 743—August31, 1954. 68 United States Statutes at LargeStat. 102.Prior symbols indicating a work's copyright status are seen inScottish almanacs of the 1670s; books included a printed copy of the local coat-of-arms to indicate theirauthenticity.In countries party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, includingthe modern-day U.S., a copyright notice is not required to be displayed in order for copyright to be established;rather, the creation of the work automatically establishes copyright.US copyright notice In the United States, thecopyright notice consists of: the © symbol, or the word "Copyright" or abbreviation "Copr."; the year of firstpublication of the copyrighted work; and an identification of the owner of the copyright, either by name,abbreviation, or other designation by which it is generally known. e.g. © 2011 John Smith The notice was oncerequired in order to receive copyright protection in the United States, but in countries respecting the BerneConvention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic WorksBerne convention this is no longer the case. The UnitedStates joined the Berne Convention in 1989.Digital representation Because the © symbol has long been unavailableon typewriters and ASCII-based computer systems, it has been common to approximate this symbol with thecharacters (C).The character is mapped in Unicode as U+00A9 © copyright sign (HTML: &#169;&copy;).http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf Unicode also has U+24B8 Ⓒ circled latin capital letter c(HTML: &#9400;) and U+24D2 ⓒ circled latin small letter c (HTML:&#9426;).http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2460.pdf They are sometimes used as a substitute copyright symbolwhere the actual copyright symbol is not available in the font or in the character set, for example, in some Koreancode pages. On Microsoft WindowsWindows it may be entered by holding the Alt while typing the numbers 0 1 6 9on the numeric keypad. It can be entered on a Apple MacMac by holding the Option key and then pressing the "g"key. On Linux, it can be obtained with the <compose key> O C ComposeKey sequence. Related symbols The soundrecording copyright symbol is the symbol ℗ (the capital letter P enclosed by a circle), and is used to designatecopyright in a sound recording. The copyleft symbol is a backwards capital letter C in a circle (copyright symbol ©mirrored). Because it is unavailable on Unicode, it can be approximated with character U+2184 ↄ latin small letterreversed c between parentheses (ↄ) or, if supported by the application, by combining it with the character U+20DD ⃝combining enclosing circle ↄ⃝. It has no legal meaning. Additional ISBN 978-3-540-74830-4. See , page 29. Theregistered trademark symbol is the symbol ® (the capital letter R enclosed by a circle), and is used in somejurisdictions to designate a trademark that has been registered in an official office of record (such as the U.S. Patentand Trademark Office in the United States). The non-obligatory symbol used in a mask work protection notice is Ⓜ(capital letter M enclosed in a circle.) In Japan, Ⓧ is used too.[citation needed]ReferencesExternal links How to makecopyright symbol on Windows/Mac/Linux/iPhone

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Article Sources and ContributorsCopyright symbol  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=575482179  Contributors: 28bytes, AaronF2, Afitting, AlexanderKraeved, Alexius08, Anomie, Anonymous Dissident,Atomicspitfire, Avoided, BRPXQZME, Badmachine, Besieged, Bgordski, Bob Stein - VisiBone, Butko, Calvin 1998, Carrite, Chester Markel, Colonel Warden, Courcelles, Dcoetzee, DePiep,Deathbeast, Deineka, Donner60, Edcolins, Electriccatfish2, Emarsee, Epbr123, Eu.stefan, Exploding Boy, Faradayplank, Fieldday-sunday, Force92i, Geoffrey, Gmaxwell, Headbomb, Hektor,Hello71, Hyju, Impasse, JakkoWesterbeke, JasonAQuest, Jeremy Visser, Jmeeter, JudahH, Karenjc, Kendall-K1, Kjetil r, Kjoonlee, Kordys, Lambiam, MER-C, Matthiaspaul, Mike Rosoft,Mikespedia, Mnidaydwisww, Mysid, Newyorkbrad, Niceguyedc, Northamerica1000, Oddity-, Ottawa4ever, Phil Bridger, Philip Trueman, Qualsiasi, RJaguar3, Rafeeqraza, Reinyday,RiverStyx23, Rumpelstilzchen, SasiSasi, Scientus, Several Times, Shaujack, Snafflekid, Solarra, SpaceFlight89, Spikereid, Spitfire, Spitzak, TJRC, Th1rt3en, The Anome, The Utterly AnnoyingPedant, TheOnlineLawyer, Tide rolls, Tinton5, TreasuryTag, Tvarnoe, WDGraham, Wayne Slam, Who then was a gentleman?, Wolf Lambert, Zerothis, 에멜무지로, 116 anonymous edits

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