corn stalk lodging - crop tech cafe: know your crop, know your...
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Corn Stalk Lodging What Role Did Stalk and Crown Rot Play?
Tamra Jackson-Ziems
Acknowledgements: Jim Harbour
Brad Tharnish, Terra Hartman,
Casey Schleicher, Jae Behn Brungardt
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STALK AND CROWN ROT DISEASES
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STALK AND CROWN ROT DISEASES
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STALK AND CROWN ROT DISEASES
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FUSARIUM STALK ROT
• Most common stalk rot
disease in Nebraska
• Same pathogen as
Gibberella, but lacks
visible fungal
reproductive structures
• White cottony
appearance
• Pink/red discoloration
• No reproductive
structures
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ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT
Photo courtesy of J. Stack top die-back
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CHARCOAL ROT
• Fungal microsclerotia look like charcoal dust
• More common in stressed plants, esp. hot, dry environments
Magnified ~50X
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EXCESSIVE MOISTURE
• Soil and plant material
become (and stay)
saturated for a prolonged
period
• Microbes florish!
• Hastening plant decay
• Degradation of stalk
quality
• Soft, hollow stalks
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PEAK ONE-MINUTE WIND GUSTS (MPH) AT NWS AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING
SYSTEM (ASOS) LOCATIONS, WHERE SENSORS ARE 10’ ABOVE THE GROUND.
23 Oct 24 Oct 25 Oct 26 Oct 27 Oct
Norfolk 41 39 17 47 36
Broken Bow
38 31 22 51 31
Valentine 35 28 15 41 28
Omaha 38 38 13 40 33
GrandIsland
39 36 17 45 33
North Platte
35 29 16 38 29
Scottsbluff 37 26 31 37 13
Imperial 39 39 17 45 29
McCook 41 31 18 41 31
Hebron 29 27 12 32 20
Falls City 37 36 18 29 31
*Red numbers indicate recorded highs for the period. (S. Cooper. 2 Nov 2017 CropWatch.
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NUMBER OF HOURS THAT RECORDED A PEAK
5-SECOND GUST EXCEEDING 30, 40, AND 50 MPH
(PRELIMINARY DATA)
23 Oct 24 Oct 25 Oct 26 Oct 27 Oct
Broken Bow
>30 mph 12 10 0 19 13
>40 mph 5 0 0 14 0
>50 mph 0 0 0 5 0
Norfolk
>30 mph 14 15 0 17 20
>40 mph 7 5 0 14 6
>50 mph 0 0 0 1 0
(S. Cooper. 2 Nov 2017 CropWatch.
Original sources – NWS ASOS and the National Center for Environmental Information)
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WIDESPREAD STALK LODGING
• Early fall – stalk rot
diseases were minimal
• Heavy rainfall and
prolonged wetness led
to rapid decline in stalk
quality and delayed
harvest
• = Stalk quality declined
rapidly + very high
winds
• = widespread lodging
https://nednr.nebraska.gov/nerain
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• VT = 7/26/2016
• Temp = 88F
• Wind = 10 mph, WSW
• Experiment Design• Plots: 4-rows wide, 40 ft. long• 6 replications/treatment
• Ground Application• 20 gpa
• 40 psi
• 3 mph
• 6-nozzle boom
• 11002 nozzles
Neal, Jen, Justin, Brad
UNL South Central Ag Lab, near Clay Center, NE
2016 Nebraska Corn Fungicide TrialsUNL – SCAL near Clay Center, NE
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2009 Fungicide Comparison Trial in NEDKC 60-18 (GLS rating = 7/fair)
Planted 5/6/09, VT Application 7/17/09
UNL South Central Agricultural Lab near Clay Center, NE
No
n-
Tre
ate
d
Hea
dli
ne
EC
6 o
z/A
He
ad
lin
e S
C
6 o
z/A
Qu
ilt
14
oz/A
Str
ate
go
10
oz/A
Til
t
4 o
z/A
Treatment
Qu
ilt
Xc
el
10
oz/A
Qu
ilt
Xc
el
14
oz/A
Ko
cid
e 3
00
0
1.5
lb
/A
Ma
nza
te P
ro-
Sti
ck
1.5
lb
/A
Str
ate
go
YL
D
5 o
z/A
He
ad
lin
e A
MP
10
oz/A
Hea
dli
ne
+ T
ilt
6 o
z/A
+ 2
oz/A
258
275273
269
275
264262
271268
274
261 262
269
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
Yie
ld (
bu/A
)
d
bcdcd
a
abcdabc
bcdabcd
a
abc
aba
abc
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275 278 276 274 277 277 273281 274 268
277 270
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Non-treatedcontrol
HeadlineSC
6 fl oz/A
HeadlineAMP
10 fl oz/A
Priaxor4 fl oz/A
Quilt Xcel10.5 fl oz/A
StrategoYLD
4 fl oz/A
Evito2 fl oz/A
Aproach6 fl oz/A
Evito T5 fl oz/A
Domark4 fl oz/A
Quadris9 fl oz/A
Vertisan24 fl oz/A
2012 Foliar Fungicide Comparison Trial
Yield (bu/A)
Treatments made at R1 on July 5, 2012
No statistical differences
UNL – SCAL Clay Center, NE – DKC 64-83
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2012 Foliar Fungicide Comparison Trial
23.0
5.85.0 5.0
8.3 8.09.2
7.0 6.7
14.2
10.0
5.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Non-treatedcontrol
HeadlineSC
6 fl oz/A
HeadlineAMP
10 fl oz/A
Priaxor4 fl oz/A
Quilt Xcel10.5 fl oz/A
StrategoYLD
4 fl oz/A
Evito2 fl oz/A
Aproach6 fl oz/A
Evito T5 fl oz/A
Domark4 fl oz/A
Quadris9 fl oz/A
Vertisan24 fl oz/A
Push Lodging (%)
b
a
b b
bb
bb
b
ab
b
b
Treatments made at R1 on July 5, 2012
UNL-SCAL Clay Center, NE
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Gray Leaf Spot Severity, 55 DAT
0
10
20
30
40
50
GLS
SEV
, %
Fungicides applied to VT-R1 corn
9/19/16
a
b b b b b bb b
UNL South Central Ag Lab, near Clay Center, NE
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Yield, bu/a
LSD (0.1) = 15.1 bu/a
CV = 6.63%
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Yie
ld, b
u/a
Fungicides applied to VT/R1 corn
c
a
bcb b
b
bcb
ab
UNL South Central Ag Lab, near Clay Center, NE
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Lod
gin
g, %
Fungicides applied to VT/R1 corn
10/17/16
Push Lodging, 83 DAT
a
cc
c
b
c
d
cc
UNL South Central Ag Lab, near Clay Center, NE
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175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
TrivaPro (13.7 fl oz/a) Viathon (2 pt/a) QUILT XCEL (10.5 floz/a) + COC (1% v/v)
STRATEGO YLD (4 floz/a) + INDUCE (0.125
% v/v)
Affiance (10 oz/a) Domark 230ME (4oz/a)
ABSOLUTE MAXX (5.5fl oz/a) + INDUCE
(0.125 % v/v)
Untreated Check
Yiel
d (
bu
/a)
Yielda
a aa
a a a a
2017 Foliar Fungicide Comparison Trial
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0
10
20
30
40
50
STRATEGOYLD (4 floz/a) +INDUCE
(0.125 % v/v)
ABSOLUTEMAXX (5.5 fl
oz/a) +INDUCE
(0.125 % v/v)
Viathon (2pt/a)
Domark230ME (4
oz/a)
Affiance (10oz/a)
UntreatedCheck
TrivaPro(13.7 fl oz/a)
QUILT XCEL(10.5 fl oz/a)
+ COC (1%v/v)
Pu
sh L
od
gin
g %
Push Lodging %a a a a a a a
a
2017 Foliar Fungicide Comparison Trial
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Year Trials
Push
Lodging Yield
-- no. / yr -- ------- no. of trials -------
2009 12 5 5 2
2010 13 8 3 2
2011 17 3 3 1
2012 14 2 5 0
2013 8 3 2 1
2014 12 4 2 0
2015 17 4 1 1
2016 14 8 8 5
p-Value 0.1
Evaluation with
significant data
----- no. of total trials ----
The Same Trial
Containing both
Significant Push
Lodging & Yield
Statistical significance of collected data from Plant
Path Corn Trials conducted in NE (2009-2016).
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Corn Disease Resources
• Crop Watch - http://cropwatch.unl.edu/
• Newsletter, efficacy trial data, and publications
• Market Journal – weekly episode or see videos at: http://marketjournal.unl.edu/corndiseases
• Videos – YouTube – UNL CropWatch channel
• short Corn Disease videos
• Crop Protection Network http://cropprotectionnetwork.org
• Tamra Jackson-Ziems on Twitter - @tjcksn
• Contact local county Extension office